3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses (Q)

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3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Question Paper
Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Section 3. Stoichiometry
Topic 3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses
Difficulty Easy
Time allowed: 10
Score: /5
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 4
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Question 1
A molecule contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. For every carbon atom there are twice as many hydrogen atoms but the
same number of oxygen atoms.
What is the formula of the molecule?
A. C2H6O
B. C2H4O2
C. C4H8O2
D. C2H2O2
[1 mark]
Question 2
Theobromine is a stimulant found in chocolate and in tea leaves and is closely related to caffeine, the stimulant found in
coffee.
What is the formula of theobromine?

A. C6H5N4O2
B. C7H8N4O2
C. C7H8N3O2
D. C7H7N4O2
Page 2 of 4
[1 mark]
Question 3
Hydrogen reacts with elements from Group VII to produce compounds called hydrogen halides. An example is when a
molecule of hydrogen reacts with a molecule of fluorine to produce hydrogen fluoride.
What is the correct equation for the reaction?
A. 2 H + 2 F → 2 HF
B. H2 + F2 → H2F2
C. 2 H + 2 F → H2F2
D. H2 + F2 → 2 HF
[1 mark]
Question 4
Leucine is an essential amino acid used in the synthesis of proteins in the body.
What is the relative molecular mass of leucine?

A. 144 g
B. 86 g
C. 125 g
D. 131 g
[1 mark]
Page 3 of 4
Question 5
What mass of magnesium oxide is formed when 21 g of magnesium carbonate thermally decomposes via the following
equation. (Ar = Mg = 24, C = 12, O = 16)
MgCO3 (s) → MgO (s) + CO2 (g)
A. 10
B. 11
C. 20
D. 22
[1 mark]
Page 4 of 4

Question Paper

Difficulty Medium
Time allowed: 10
Score: /5
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 3
Question 1
What is the balanced equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen?
A. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
B. CH4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
C. 2 CH4(g) + 4 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + H2O(g)
D. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
[1 mark]
Question 2
Extended Only
A compound contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of calcium. It also contains hydrogen in sufficient amounts so
that the overall charge of the molecule is neutral.
What is the molecular formula for the compound?
A. Ca(OH)4
B. Ca(OH)2
C. H4CaO2
D. CaO2H2
[1 mark]
Question 3
Extended Only
Dilute sulfuric acid and barium chloride solution react to produce barium sulfate and hydrochloric acid, as shown in the
reaction below:
H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2 HCl
Which row represents the correct state symbols for the reaction?
H2SO4 BaCl2 BaSO4 HCl
A (aq) (l) (s) (aq)
B (l) (aq) (aq) (l)
C (aq) (aq) (s) (aq)
D (l) (aq) (l) (aq)
[1 mark]
Page 2 of 3
Question 4
6 g of hydrogen react with 48 g of oxygen to form water. A chemist performs the same reaction using 2 g of hydrogen.
What mass of oxygen is required to combine with the hydrogen?
A. 24 g
B. 12 g
C. 16 g
D. 72 g
[1 mark]
Question 5
Extended Only
The formula and charge for positive and negative ions are shown.
cation anion
Al3+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Li+ F-, CO32-, NO3-, S2-, SO42-
The table shows the name and formula of common ionic compounds formed from the ions. Which row is not correct?
name formula
A lithium sulfide Li2S
B iron(II) fluoride Fe2F3
C aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3
D magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2
[1 mark]
Page 3 of 3

Question Paper

Difficulty Hard
Time allowed: 10
Score: /5
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 3
Question 1
Ammonia is manufactured by the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber process, as shown in the equation below:
N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
16.8 tonnes of ammonia can be produced from 14 tonnes of nitrogen.
How much nitrogen is needed to produce 51 tonnes of ammonia?
A. 42.5
B. 34
C. 17
D. 24.5
[1 mark]
Question 2
The left hand side for the reaction between ammonia and copper(II) oxide is shown. What are the products of the balanced
equation?
3 CuO + 2 NH3 →
A. 3 Cu + 2 N + 3 H2O
B. 3 Cu + 3 HNO3
C. 3 Cu + N2 + H2O
D. 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
[1 mark]
Question 3
What is the balanced equation for the reaction between aqueous NaOH and Fe2(SO4)3?
A. Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6 NaOH (aq) → 2 Fe(OH)3 (s) + 3 Na2SO4 (aq)
B. Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH)3 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
C. 2 Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 4 NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH)3 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
D. 3 Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6 NaOH (aq) → 3 Fe(OH)3 (s) + 2 Na2SO4 (aq)
[1 mark]
Page 2 of 3
Question 4
Extended Only
Magnesium nitrate and sodium carbonate react as shown.
Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → MgCO3(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
Which row describes the spectator ions and the net ionic equation for the reaction?
spectator ions net ionic equation

A Mg2+ and CO32- Mg2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → MgCO3(s)
B NO3- and Na+ NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) → NaNO3(aq)
C Mg2+ and CO32- NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) → NaNO3(aq)
D NO3- and Na+ Mg2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → MgCO3(s)
[1 mark]
Question 5
Extended Only
Nitric acid and potassium hydroxide react in a neutralisation reaction to produce salt and water, as shown by the equation
below:
HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Which row describes the spectator ions and the net ionic equation for the reaction?
spectator ions net ionic equation

A NO3- and K+ NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) → KNO3(aq)
B H+ and OH- NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) → KNO3(aq)
C NO3- and K+ H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
D H+ and OH- H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
[1 mark]
Page 3 of 3

Question Paper

Difficulty Easy
Time allowed: 40
Score: /30
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 8
Question 1a
When cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, is heated in air an oxide with the formula Co3O4 is formed.
Balance the equation for this reaction.
…....... CoO + O2 → 2Co3O4
[1 mark]
Question 1b
Sulfuric acid is a compound.
The formula of sulfuric acid is H2SO4.
Complete Table 1.1 to calculate the relative molecular mass of sulfuric acid.
Table 1.1
atom number of atoms relative atomic mass
hydrogen 2 1 2×1=2
sulfur
oxygen
relative molecular mass = .............................
[2 marks]
Question 1c
Hydrogen is a fuel which can be obtained from water by electrolysis.
Refinery gas and petrol are fuels obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum.
Complete the equation for the burning of hydrogen.
.......... H2 (g) + O2 (g) → ..........H2O (l)
[1 mark]
Page 2 of 8
Question 1d
State the meaning of (g) and (l).
(g):
(l):
[2 marks]
Question 2a
In a blast furnace used for the extraction of iron, carbon reacts with oxygen from the air to form carbon monoxide.
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

....C + ..... → 2CO
[2 marks]
Question 2b
The structure of a compound of iron is shown.
Deduce the molecular formula of this compound to show the number of iron, carbon and oxygen atoms.
[1 mark]
Page 3 of 8
Question 2c
Iodine reacts with aqueous sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.
Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
.....Na2S2O3 + I2 → Na2S4O6 + .....NaI
[2 marks]
Question 2d
Complete the table to calculate the relative formula mass of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4.
Use your Periodic Table to help you.
type of atom number of atoms relative atomic mass
copper 1 64 1 × 64 = 64
sulfur
oxygen
relative formula mass =_______________
[2 marks]
Question 3a
This question is about iron and compounds of iron.
Iron can be converted into steel in a basic oxygen converter.
Oxygen is blown into the impure molten iron to remove some of the impurities.
Oxygen reacts with the carbon in the impure iron to form carbon dioxide.
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
[1 mark]
Page 4 of 8
Question 3b
This question is about bromine and compounds of bromine.
Bromine reacts with hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
....... + H2S → .....HBr + S
[2 marks]
Question 3c
This question is about cobalt and compounds of cobalt.
Complete the table to calculate the relative formula mass of anhydrous cobalt(II) sulfate, CoSO4.
Use your Periodic Table to help you.
cobalt
sulfur 1 32 1 × 32 = 32
oxygen
relative formula mass = ______________
[2 marks]
Question 4a
Extended Only
The names and formulae for some compounds are shown.
aluminium nitrate, Al(NO3)3
magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2
sodium nitrate, NaNO3
Deduce the formula for calcium nitrate.
[1 mark]
Page 5 of 8
Question 4b
Sodium reacts with molten sodium hydroxide.
2Na + ......NaOH → ......Na2O + H2
[2 marks]
Question 4c
The structure of a carboxylic acid is shown.
Deduce the formula of this carboxylic acid to show the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
[1 mark]
Question 5a
This question is about reactions involving calcium compounds.
Heating calcium carbonate, CaCO3, produces calcium oxide, CaO, and one other gaseous product.
Write the word equation for this reaction.
[2 marks]
Page 6 of 8
Question 5b
Extended Only
Write a balanced chemical equation for heating calcium carbonate, CaCO3, to form calcium oxide, CaO, and one other
gaseous product.
[1 mark]
Question 5c
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 can be made by the reaction of calcium oxide, CaO, with water.
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
112 g of calcium oxide reacts with 36 g of water.
Calculate the mass of calcium hydroxide that is produced.
____________________ g
[1 mark]
Question 5d
Calcium hydroxide can be used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide.
If carbon dioxide is present, the calcium hydroxide will form a milky white precipitate of calcium carbonate.
The formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO3
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of calcium carbonate.
Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12 O = 16 Ca = 40
[2 marks]
Question 5e
Calculate the percentage of oxygen in calcium carbonate, CaCO3, using the following equation.
Ar × number of atoms
Percentage by mass = × 100
Mr of the compound
Page 7 of 8
[2 marks]
Page 8 of 8

Question Paper

Difficulty Medium
Time allowed: 60
Score: /49
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 12
Question 1a
Extended Only
Use your copy of the Periodic Table to help you answer these questions.
Predict the formula of each of the following compounds.
i)
aluminium fluoride
[1]
ii)
arsenic oxide
[1]
iii)
silicon bromide
[1]
[3 marks]
Question 1b
Extended Only
Deduce the formula of each of the following ions.
i)
phosphide
[1]
ii)
barium
[1]
iii)
francium
[1]
[3 marks]
Page 2 of 12
Question 1c
Extended Only
Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the covalent compound carbon
dioxide.
Use o to represent an electron from a carbon atom.
Use x to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.
[3 marks]
Page 3 of 12
Question 2a
The law of constant composition states that all pure samples of a compound contain the same elements in the same
proportion by weight.
A typical experiment to test this law is to prepare the same compound by different methods and then show that the samples
have the same composition.
Methods of making copper(II) oxide include:

heating copper carbonate,
heating copper hydroxide,
heating copper nitrate,
heating copper foil in air.
Complete the following equations.
i)
CuCO3 → ............. + .............
[1]
ii)
Cu(OH)2 → ............. + .............
[1]
iii)
2Cu(NO3)2 → ............. + 4NO2 + .............
[2]
[4 marks]
Page 4 of 12
Question 2b
Copper oxide can be reduced to copper by heating in hydrogen.
i)
What colour change would you observe during the reduction?
[1]
ii)
Explain why the copper must be allowed to cool in hydrogen before it is exposed to air.
[2]
iii)
Name another gas which can reduce copper(II) oxide to copper.
[1]
iv)
Name a solid which can reduce copper(II) oxide to copper.
[1]
[5 marks]
Page 5 of 12
Question 2c
The table below shows the results obtained by reducing the copper(II) oxide produced by different methods to copper.
i)
Complete the table.

source of mass of mass of percentage
copper(II) oxide copper(II) oxide / g copper / g copper / %
CuCO3 2.37 1.89 79.7
Cu(OH)2 2.51 1.99
Cu(NO3)2 2.11 1.68
Cu and O2 2.29 1.94
[2]
ii)
One of the samples of copper(II) oxide is impure.
Identify this sample and suggest an explanation why the percentage of copper in this sample is bigger than in the other three
samples.
[2]
[4 marks]
Question 3a
Extended Only
Iron pyrite, FeS2, is known as Fool’s Gold because it is a shiny yellow solid which is similar in appearance to gold. Iron pyrite is
an ionic compound. Gold is a metallic element.
Iron pyrite, FeS2, contains positive and negative ions. The positive ion is Fe2+.
Deduce the formula of the negative ion.
[1 mark]
Page 6 of 12
Question 3b
A student is provided with a sample of iron pyrite and a sample of gold.
Suggest how the student could distinguish between the two substances.
[2 marks]
Question 3c
Sulfur dioxide is produced on a large scale by heating iron pyrite strongly in air. The iron pyrite reacts with oxygen in the air
producing iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, and sulfur dioxide.
Construct a chemical equation for the reaction between iron pyrite and oxygen.
[2 marks]
Page 7 of 12
Question 4a
Extended Only
Element X can undergo the following physical changes.
Element X is a Group III metal. It burns in air to form an oxide X2O3.

Write a symbol equation for this reaction.
[2 marks]
Question 4b
Extended Only
Aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous magnesium chloride.
A white precipitate forms.
Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

[2 marks]
Page 8 of 12
Question 4c
Complete the chemical equation for the reaction of chlorine with phosphorus.
......Cl2 + 2P → ......PCl5
[2 marks]
Question 4d
Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to produce iodine.
KI + CuSO4 → CuI + I2 + K2SO4
[2 marks]
Question 5a
This question is about elements X, Y and Z.
An atom of element X is represented as 34

16 X
What is the electronic structure of the ion X2–?

[1 mark]
Question 5b
This question is about elements X, Y and Z.
Identify the atom against which the relative masses of all other atoms are compared.
[1 mark]
Page 9 of 12
Question 5c
Extended Only
Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when magnesium burns in oxygen.
[2 marks]
Question 6a
Separate: Chemistry and Extended Only
The structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
Answer the questions that follow.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
Give the letter of the compound that has the empirical formula CH2.
[1 mark]
Question 6b
An endothermic reaction occurs when calcium nitrate is heated.
Balance the equation for this reaction.
.....Ca(NO3)2 → .....CaO + .....NO2 + .....O2
[1 mark]
Page 10 of 12
Question 7a
This question is about iron and iron compounds.
Iron reacts with chlorine to form iron(III) chloride, Fe2Cl6.
.....Fe + .....Cl2 → Fe2Cl6
[2 marks]
Question 7b
The structure of an ion is shown.
Deduce the molecular formula of this ion to show the number of iron, carbon and nitrogen atoms.
[1 mark]
Question 7c
This question is about chlorine and compounds of chlorine.
Chlorine reacts with warm turpentine, C10H16.
C10H16 + 8Cl2 → .....C + .....HCl
[2 marks]
Page 11 of 12
Question 7d
The equation shows the effect of heat on anhydrous zinc sulfate.
heat
ZnSO4 ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ZnO + SO3
When 12.60 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated, the mass of zinc oxide formed is 6.34 g.
Calculate the mass of zinc oxide formed when 63.0 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated.
mass of zinc oxide = _______________

[1 mark]
Question 7e
Complete the table to calculate the relative formula mass of anhydrous zinc sulfate, ZnSO4. Use your Periodic Table to help
you.
zinc 1 65 1 × 65 = 65
sulfur
oxygen
relative formula mass = _________________
[2 marks]
Page 12 of 12

Question Paper

Difficulty Hard
Time allowed: 50
Score: /41
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 8
Question 1a
Extended Only
Fluorine forms both ionic and covalent compounds.
Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form the ionic compound magnesium fluoride.
The electronic structures of an atom of magnesium and an atom of fluorine are shown.
What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

[1 mark]
Question 1b
When copper is reacted with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide gas is formed.
Cu + .......H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + .......H2O
[2 marks]
Question 1c
Extended Only
When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia the salt produced is ammonium sulfate.
Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
[2 marks]
Page 2 of 8
Question 1d
Extended Only
Barium sulfate is an insoluble salt.
Barium sulfate can be made from aqueous ammonium sulfate using a precipitation reaction.
Write an ionic equation for this precipitation reaction. Include state symbols.
[2 marks]
Question 1e
Extended Only
Oxygen is produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Manganese(IV) oxide is the catalyst for this reaction.
Oxygen can also be produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V), KClO3.
The only products of this decomposition are potassium chloride and oxygen.
Write a chemical equation for this decomposition.
[2 marks]
Question 2a
Extended Only
This question is about titanium.
Titanium is a transition metal that is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process.
In the first stage, titanium dioxide reacts with carbon and chlorine to form titanium tetrachloride and carbon monoxide.
Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
Page 3 of 8
[3 marks]
Question 2b
Explain how your chemical symbol equation in part (a) demonstrates the law of conservation of mass.
[1 mark]
Question 2c
Identify two hazards associated with Stage 1.
[2 marks]
Question 2d
Calculate, to three significant figures, the percentage by mass of chlorine in titanium tetrachloride.
(Ar: Ti = 48 Cl = 35.5)
[2 marks]
Page 4 of 8
Question 3a
Extended Only
Magnesium displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.
You should include state symbols.
[2 marks]
Question 3b
Extended Only
State two changes that would be observed during the displacement reaction.
[2 marks]
Question 3c
Extended Only
Write the ionic equation for the displacement of copper from copper sulfate by magnesium. You should include state
symbols.
[2 marks]
Question 3d
Extended Only
Displacement reactions are examples of redox reactions.
Explain why the displacement reaction between magnesium and copper sulfate is both reduction and oxidation.
Page 5 of 8
[2 marks]
Question 4a
Extended Only
This question is about lead nitrate.
Lead nitrate is an ionic compound.
It consists of Pb2+ and NO3- ions.
What is the chemical formula of lead nitrate?
[1 mark]
Question 4b
Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2.
[2 marks]
Question 4c
Extended Only
A displacement reaction occurs between solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide, KI, to form solid lead(II) iodide and
aqueous potassium nitrate.
Write the balanced symbol equation, including state symbols, for this reaction.
[3 marks]
Page 6 of 8
Question 4d
Separate: Chemistry Only
Table 1 summarises the solubility of a selection of ionic compounds in water.
Table 1
Soluble Insoluble
All nitrates
Most common chlorides Silver chloride, lead chloride
Most common sulfates Lead sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate
Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium
Most common carbonates
carbonate
The displacement reaction between lead nitrate and potassium iodide forms a yellow precipitate.
Justify which chemical is responsible for the yellow colour.
[2 marks]
Question 5a
The relative atomic mass, Ar, for each element is shown in the Periodic Table.
Define the term relative atomic mass.
[2 marks]
Page 7 of 8
Question 5b
The element gallium has a relative atomic mass of 69.735 and only contains two isotopes.
A sample of gallium contained the isotope 69Ga, with a relative abundance of 63.25 %.
Calculate the mass number of the other isotope.

You must show all your working.
[2 marks]
Question 5c
Extended Only
Define the term empirical formula.
[1 mark]
Question 5d
An unknown compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
It consists of 18% carbon,and 73 % oxygen.
Calculate the empirical formula of the unknown compound
[3 marks]
Page 8 of 8

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3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

What is the formula of theobromine?

What is the relative molecular mass of leucine?

3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

spectator ions net ionic equation

spectator ions net ionic equation

3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Methods of making copper(II) oxide include:

Complete the table.

Element X is a Group III metal. It burns in air to form an oxide X2O3.

Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

An atom of element X is represented as 34

What is the electronic structure of the ion X2–?

Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.

Answer the questions that follow.

mass of zinc oxide = _______________

3.1 Formulae & Relative Masses

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

Calculate the mass number of the other isotope.

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