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5.5 Equilibria (A Level Only)

Question Paper
Course CIE A Level Chemistry

Section 5. Physical Chemistry (A Level Only)
Topic 5.5 Equilibria (A Level Only)
Difficulty Hard
Time allowed: 60
Score: /43
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 10
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Question 1a
3-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid can be prepared from benzenesulfonic acid.
Suggest the reagents and conditions and name the mechanism for this reaction.
reagents and conditions ..................................................................................................
mechanism ............................................................................................
[2 marks]
Question 1b
When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to water, dissociation takes place in two stages.
stage 1 H2SO4 ⇌ H+ + HSO4–
stage 2 HSO4– ⇌ H+ + SO42– Ka2 = 1.0 × 10–2 mol dm–3
Ka2 is the acid dissociation constant for stage 2.
i)
Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant Ka2.
Ka2 =
[1]
ii)
H2SO4 is considered a strong acid whereas HSO4– is considered a weak acid.
Suggest how the magnitude of the acid dissociation constant for stage 1 compares to Ka2.
[1]
[2 marks]
Page 2 of 10
Question 1c
Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is a weak acid.
The value of the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of benzoic acid is 6.3 x 10-5 mol dm-3 at 298K.
Calculate the pH of the 0.50 g dissolved in 250 cm3 of water.
Give your answer to two decimal places and show your working.
pH = .....................
[4 marks]
Question 1d
Calculate the pH of the solution formed when 0.060 g of sodium hydroxide is added to 500.00 cm3 of 0.005 mol dm-3 of
benzoic acid. Give your answer to two decimal places. Show your working.
pH = .................
[5 marks]
Page 3 of 10
Page 4 of 10
Question 2a
One atom of each of the four elements H, C, N and O can bond together in different ways.
Two examples are molecules of cyanic acid, HOCN, and isocyanic acid, HNCO. The atoms are bonded in the order they are
written.
i)
Draw ‘dot-and-cross’ diagrams of these two acids, showing outer shell electrons only.
HOCN, cyanic acid
HNCO, isocyanic acid
[3]
ii)
Suggest the values of the bond angles HNC and NCO in isocyanic acid.
HNC ..............................
NCO ..............................
[1]
iii)
Suggest which acid, cyanic or isocyanic, will have the shorter C–N bond length. Explain your answer.
[1]
[5 marks]
Page 5 of 10
Question 2b
Isocyanic acid is a weak acid.
HNCO ⇌ H+ + NCO– Ka = 1.2 × 10–4 mol dm–3
i)
Calculate the pH of a 0.10 mol dm–3 solution of isocyanic acid and show your working.
pH = ..............................
[2]
Sodium cyanate, NaNCO, is used in the production of isocyanic acid. Sodium cyanate is prepared commercially by reacting
urea, (NH2)2CO, with sodium carbonate. Other products in this reaction include ammonia and steam.
ii)
Write an equation for the production of NaNCO by this method.
[1]
[3 marks]
Page 6 of 10
Question 2c
Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is completely ionised in aqueous solutions. During the addition of 30.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3
Ba(OH)2 to 20.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 isocyanic acid, the pH was measured.
i)
Calculate the [OH–] at the end of the addition.
[OH–] = .............................. mol dm–3

[2]
ii)
Use your value in (i) to calculate [H+] and the pH of the solution at the end of the addition.
final [H+] = .............................. mol dm–3
final pH = ..............................
[2]
iii)
On the following axes in Fig. 2.1, sketch how the pH changes during the addition of a total of 30.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3
Ba(OH)2 to 20.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 isocyanic acid.
Fig. 2.1
[3]
[7 marks]
Page 7 of 10
Question 3a
This question is about buffer solutions
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution made by dissolving 0.275 g of benzoic acid (Ka = 6.3 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and 525 g of
sodium benzoate in 250 cm3 of water. Give your answer to 2 decimal places and show your working.
pH = .................
[5 marks]
Page 8 of 10
Question 3b
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution made by mixing together 130 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid (Ka = 1.74 x 10-5 mol dm-
3) and 85 cm3 of 0.45 mol dm-3 sodium ethanoate. Give your answer to 2 decimal places and show your working.
pH = .....................
[3 marks]
Question 3c
Calculate the new pH of the buffer solution given in part (b) if 1.00 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide is added. Give
your answer to two decimal places and show your working.
Comment on the pH value after the addition of sodium hydroxide.
pH = ...................
[5 marks]
Page 9 of 10
Question 3d
Write two equations for the separate addition of a small volume of base and acid to the buffer solution given in part (b).
equation 1 ....................................................................................
equation 2 .....................................................................................
[2 marks]
Page 10 of 10

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5.5 Equilibria (A Level Only)

Course CIE A Level Chemistry

HOCN, cyanic acid

HNCO, isocyanic acid

[OH–] = .............................. mol dm–3

final [H+] = .............................. mol dm–3

Comment on the pH value after the addition of sodium hydroxide.

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