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1.2 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Question Paper
Course Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry

Section 1. Principles of Chemistry
Topic 1.2 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Difficulty Hard
Time allowed: 80
Score: /60
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 13
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Question 1a
A salt can be made by reacting an acid with an insoluble base.
A student has a sample of copper(Il) oxide.
The student uses this method.
Stage 1 pour 50 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a beaker
Stage 2 warm the acid using a Bunsen burner
Stage 3 add a small amount of copper(II) oxide to the warm acid and stir the mixture
Stage 4 add further amounts of copper(II) oxide until copper(II) oxide is in excess
Stage 5 filter the mixture
Stage 6 obtain crystals from the filtrate
State why the acid is warmed in stage 2.
[1 mark]
Question 1b
State how the student would know that the copper(II) oxide is in excess in stage 4.
[1 mark]
Question 1c
State why the mixture is filtered in stage 5.
[1 mark]
Question 1d
State the colour of the filtrate obtained in stage 5.
[1 mark]
Question 1e
Describe how the student could obtain a pure, dry sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals from the filtrate in stage 6.
[5 marks]
Page 2 of 13
Question 1f
The overall equation for the formation of hydrated copper(ll) sulfate crystals from copper(II) oxide is
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) + 4H2O (I) → CuSO4.5H2O (s)
i)
In an experiment, a student completely reacts 9.54 g copper(II) oxide.
Show that the maximum possible mass of CuSO4.5H20 crystals that can be obtained is about 30 g.
[Mr of CuO = 79.5 Mr of CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5]
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)
mass = .............................. g
ii)
In this experiment, the actual yield of CuSO4.5H2O crystals is 23.92 g.
Calculate the percentage yield of CuSO4.5H2O
(2)
[5 marks]
Page 3 of 13
Question 2a
The table gives information about some lead compounds.
Compound Formula Appearance Solubility in water
lead(II) oxide PbO yellow solid insoluble
lead(IV) oxide PbO2 brown solid insoluble
red lead oxide Pb3O4 red solid insoluble
lead(II) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 white solid soluble
When a sample of red lead oxide is heated, it changes into a yellow solid and a gas forms that relights a glowing splint.
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
red lead oxide → ........................................ + ........................................

[2 marks]
Question 2b
A sample of one of the oxides of lead contains 86.6% lead and 13.4% oxygen by mass.
Show by calculation that the sample is lead(IV) oxide, PbO2
[Ar of Pb = 207 Ar of O = 16]
[3 marks]
Page 4 of 13
Question 2c
Red lead oxide reacts with warm dilute nitric acid.
i)
Complete the chemical equation for the reaction.
Pb3O4 (..........) + 4HNO3 (..........) → ..........Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + PbO2 (s) + ..........H2O (l)
(2)
ii)
A student is given a sample of solid red lead oxide and some dilute nitric acid.
Describe how the student could obtain a pure dry sample of lead(II) nitrate crystals.
(6)
[8 marks]
Page 5 of 13
Question 3a
This question is about the separation of mixtures.
The box gives some methods used to separate mixtures.
crystallisation filtration fractional distillation simple distillation
Complete the table by giving the correct method from the box for each separation.
Each method can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Separation Method
insoluble solid from a liquid
pure water from a solution
liquid from a mixture of liquids with different boiling points
soluble solid from a solution
[4 marks]
Page 6 of 13
Question 3b
A student uses chromatography to analyse the composition of purple ink.
The diagram shows the student’s chromatogram at the end of the experiment.
i)
Explain which dyes are contained in the purple ink.
(2)
ii)
Explain which dye is least soluble in the solvent.
(2)
[4 marks]
Page 7 of 13
Question 3c
A different chromatography experiment is set up.
A spot of food colouring is placed on the start line.
A food dye in the colouring has an Rf value of 0.72
The distance between the start line and the solvent front is 120 mm.
Calculate the distance the food dye moves from the start line.
distance = .............................................................. mm
[2 marks]
Page 8 of 13
Question 4a
This question is about soluble and insoluble compounds.
A precipitate is an insoluble compound formed when solutions of soluble compounds react after mixing.
Different solutions are mixed in separate test tubes.
Tube 1 copper(II) sulfate solution and calcium chloride solution

Tube 2 magnesium nitrate solution and potassium sulfate solution
Tube 3 sodium carbonate solution and copper(II) sulfate solution
In which of the tubes will a precipitate form?
☐ A 1 and 2 only
☐ B 2 and 3 only
☐ C 1 and 3 only
☐ D 1, 2 and 3
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
[1 mark]
Page 9 of 13
Question 4b
A student mixes solutions, containing equal amounts in moles, of silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
The equation for the reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution is
AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
i)
State the colour of the precipitate of silver chloride.
(1)
ii)
The student wants to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium nitrate.
Crystals of sodium nitrate decompose at temperatures above 300 °C.
Describe a method the student could use to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium nitrate.
(5)
iii)
Give an advantage of mixing solutions containing equal amounts, in moles, of silver nitrate and sodium chloride
(1)
[7 marks]
Page 10 of 13
Question 5a
A student uses paper chromatography to investigate the dyes in five different inks, V, W, X, Y and Z.
This is what she uses.

a beaker
a piece of chromatography paper with a pencil line drawn near the bottom of the paper
a solvent
inks V, W, X, Y and Z
Describe how the student should set up and carry out her experiment.
You may draw a diagram to help with your answer.

[4 marks]
Question 5b
Explain why the line on the paper is drawn in pencil rather than in ink.
[2 marks]
Page 11 of 13
Question 5c
The chromatogram shows the results for inks V, W, X, Y and Z.
i)
Explain which ink contains a dye that is insoluble in the solvent.
(2)
ii)
Explain which two inks contain the dye that is likely to be the most soluble in the solvent.
(2)
iii)
Explain which two inks may contain only one dye.
(2)
[6 marks]
Page 12 of 13
Question 5d
One dye in ink Y moves 4.3 cm when the solvent front moves 6.5 cm.
Calculate the Rf value for this dye.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3 marks]
Page 13 of 13

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1.2 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Course Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry

CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) + 4H2O (I) → CuSO4.5H2O (s)

[Mr of CuO = 79.5 Mr of CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5]

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

Calculate the percentage yield of CuSO4.5H2O

red lead oxide → ........................................ + ........................................

crystallisation filtration fractional distillation simple distillation

Tube 1 copper(II) sulfate solution and calcium chloride solution

In which of the tubes will a precipitate form?

Crystals of sodium nitrate decompose at temperatures above 300 °C.

This is what she uses.

You may draw a diagram to help with your answer.

Calculate the Rf value for this dye.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

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