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UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW

MINOR PROJECT ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

Submitted to Submitted By
ANUSHKA TRIPATHI
ROLL NO: 2110722010007

SHERWOOD COLLEGE OF PROFFESIONAL MANAGEMENT

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DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the research project entitled

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT , submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirement of the award of degree of BACHELOR OF COMMERCE is entirely
my original work and all ideas and references have been truly acknowledged.

It does not contain any work that has been submitted for the award of any
degree or of any university.

Date: ANUSHKA TRIPATHI

Place: Lucknow

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ANUSHKA TRIPATHI completed her Research

Project entitled “ under my guidance and supervision. To the best of
my knowledge, the present work is the result of her original
investigation and study .No part of the research project has been
submitted for any other university. The project is fit for submission
for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

Date: ANUSHKA TRIPATHI

Place: Lucknow

ROLL NO: 2110722010007

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude to .............. sir for

suggesting the subject, gave me his valuable guidance and
supervising the present dissertation. He was also a constant source
of inspiration to me, and his deep and wide knowledge of urban
geography helped me out of many difficult situations. I would also
thanks to ................for their help in valuable guidance in this
project and sherwood college of professional management for
giving me an opportunity to carry out my work smoothly. I am also
sincerely thankful to all faculty members for their valuable
suggestions.

Date: ANUSHKA TRIPATHI

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TABLE OF CONTENT

s.no Particulars Page no.

1 Chapter 1: 9-37
introduction
2 Chapter 2 : 38-46
Research design
3 Chapter 3 : 47-58
Data Analysis and
Interpretation
4 Chapter 4 : 59 -63
Findings,
Suggestions
& Conclusion
5 References Books 64-65

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Executive Summary:

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Training is a process through which a person enhances and develops his

efficiency, capacity and effectiveness at work by improving and updating his
knowledge and understanding the skills relevant to perform his or her job.
Training also helps a person cultivate appropriate and desired behavior and
attitude towards the work and people. Unless training is provided, the jobs and
lives of employees in organizations are at stake.
It gives people an awareness of the Rules & Procedures to guide their behavior.
It is an application of knowledge to improve the performance on the Current
job or to prepare one for an intended job. Organization & individual for their
survival & attainment of mutual goals should develop & progress
simultaneously;
this can be done mainly through training technique because training is the
most important technique & it is a value addition to the organization through
Human Resource Development for the development of the employee.
The employee she/he been selected, placed & introduced in an organization
should be provided with training facilities in order to adjust & make them
suitable for the Job as no organization can get a candidate who exactly
matches with the job & organizational requirements.

Thus employee training is the most important sub-system, specialized & one
of the fundamental operative functions of Human Resource Development.
Organizational efficiency, productivity, progress & development, also
organization viability, stability & growth to greater extent depend on training. If
the required training is not provided it leads to the performance failure of the
employees. Training enhances the Competence, Commitment, and Creativity
& Contribution to the organization.
The first step in my study is to find out the effectiveness of training and
development in achieving the goals of the company, to study the different
methods of training followed at BSNL, The basis on which training
programmers are planned and scheduled and how the performance appraisal
helps in identifying training needs. The second step was data collection
through various sources I used both primary and secondary data for the study
as both are quiet essential in any type of survey.

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Primary data was collected through survey and personal interview, whereas
secondary data made use of certain reports from the HRD department
provided the information as to the total no of employees, schedule of training
programs, number of persons attending it and other such things.
The secondary data also included textbooks, company data, and internet. The
analysis of the questionnaire was carried out through which the purpose of the
study was served. The analysis was done by using statistical tool in which the
study made use of two test that is : frequency test and correlation. These tests
gave the clear idea about the most significant factors which are positively
correlated and those factors which are not so significant and are not positively
correlated. Hence it helped the study to identify the important factors which
are quiet essential for effective training and development in the organization.
This study gives a detailed idea about the employee’s attitude towards the
training program and how the employees apply the knowledge, skills and
attitude in job performance.
Therefore through the analysis the study could be interpreted that the training
and development programs are quiet effective but still needs to be improved
on some of the aspects mentioned above.

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Chapter - 1 Introduction

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Introduction:
Human Resource Management is defined as the people who staff and manage
organization. It comprises of the functions and principles that are applied to
retaining, training, developing, and compensating the employees in
organization.
It is also applicable to non-business organizations, such as education,
healthcare, etc. Human Resource Management is defined as the set of
activities, programs, and functions that are designed to maximize both
organizational as well as employee effectiveness. Scope of HRM without a
doubt is vast.
All the activities of employee, from the time of his entry into an organization
until he leaves, come under the horizon of HRM. The divisions included in HRM
are Recruitment, Payroll, Performance Management, Training and
Development, Retention, Industrial Relation, etc. Out of all these divisions, one
such important division is training and development.
Training And Development is a subsystem of an organization. It ensures that
randomness is reduced and learning or behavioral change takes place in
structured format.
William James of Harvard University estimated that employees could retain
their jobs by working at a mere 20-30 percent of their potential. His study led
him to believe that if these same employees were properly motivated, they
could work at 80-90 percent of their capabilities.
Behavioral science concepts like motivation and enhanced productivity could
well be used in such improvements in employee output. Training could be one
of the means used to achieve such improvements through the effective and
efficient use of learning resources.
Human resources, are the most valuable assets of any organization, with the
machines, materials and even the money, nothing gets done without man-
power. The effective functioning of any organization requires that employees
learn to perform their jobs at a satisfactory level of proficiency.
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Here is the role of training. Employee training tries to improve skills or add to
the existing level of the knowledge so that the employee is better equipped to
do his present job or to prepare him for higher position with increased
responsibilities. However individual growth is not an end itself.
Organization growth needs to be meshed with the individual’s growth. The
concern is for the organization viability, that it should adapt itself to a changing
environment.
Employee growth and development has to be seen in the context of this change.
So training can be defined as Training is a systematic development of the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required by employees to perform adequately
on a given task or job The need for improved productivity in organization has
become universally accepted and that it depends on efficient and effective
training. However, the need for organizations to embark on staff development
programme for employees has become obvious. Absence of these programme
often manifest tripartite problems of incompetence, inefficiency and
ineffectiveness.
So training and development aim at developing competences such as
technical, human, conceptual and managerial for the furtherance of individual
and organization growth which makes it a continuous process Training is the
process of assisting a person for enchanting his efficiency and effectiveness at
work by improving and updating his professional knowledge by developing
skills relevant to his work and cultivating appropriate behavior and attitude
towards work and people.
Training could be designed either for improving present at work or for preparing
a person for assuming higher responsibilities in further which would call for
additional knowledge and superior skills.
Training is different education particularly formal education. While education
is concerned mainly with enhancement of knowledge, training aims essentially
at increasing knowledge, stimulating attitude and imparting skills related to a
specific job.
It is a continuous and life long process.
Training provides an atmosphere of sharing and synthesizing, with the help of
the trainers, the information already available on the subject. Training is a time
bound activity program.

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Thus there is a separate specialized discipline of trainers socializing in the field

of human activity Meaning:
A business' most important asset is often its people. Training and developing
them can be one of the most important investments a business can make. The
right training can ensure that your business has the right skills to tackle the
future. It can also help attract and retain good quality staff, as well as
increasing the job satisfaction of those presently with you - increasing the
chances that they will satisfy your customers.
Thus Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of employee.
It is a universal truth that the human resources available in an organization
have to be managed more efficiently than the material resources comprising of
machines and money.
Eloquently putting “Training is a systematic development of the knowledge,
skills and attitudes required by employees to perform adequately on a given
task or job”.
Definition: “Training is the act of increasing the knowledge & skills of an
employee for doing a particular job” ▪ Flippo It is a short term educational
process & utilising a systematic & organised procedure by which employees
learn technical knowledge & skills for a definite purpose Training improves
knowledge skill, behaviour & attitude towards the requirements of the job &
organisation.

Features of Training:
The features of good training programs are as follows:-
a. Clear Purpose:
The objective of the programme should be clearly specified.
The training should be result oriented.
b. Training Needs:
The training needs of employees should be clearly defined. The methods
selected for imparting training should be appropriate and effective.
c. Relevance:
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The training programme and its contents must be relevant to the requirements
of the job for which it is intended.
d. Balance between Theory and Practice:
A good training programme should provide a balanced mix of theory and
practice the theoretical framework should be backed by practical application
to provide all round training.

e. Management Support:
Top management must actively support the training programme so that the
training programme may help the employees to yield better results.
Once the employees get the support form management support the perform
there job more effectively.

Training Objectives:
1. To prepare the employee both new & old to meet the present as well as the
changing requirements of the job & the organisation.
2. To prevent obsolescence
3. To help the new entrants the basic knowledge & skills they need for an
intelligent performance of a definite job.
4. To prepare employees for higher level jobs.
5. To develop the potentialities of people for the next level job. 6. To ensure
economical output of required quality.
7. To ensure smooth & efficient working of a department.
8. To assists employees to function more effectively in their present positions
by exposing them to the latest concepts, information & techniques &
developing the skills they will need in their particular fields.
9. To promote individual & collective morale, a sense of responsibility, co
operative attitudes & good relationships.

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Purpose of Training:
One of the main purposes of training is to prevent industrial accidents. This is
done by creating safety consciousness among workers.
a. When the employees are trained it enables them to achieve the required
level of performance which in turns increases the productivity.
b. Training helps in increasing the knowledge and skills of employee
c. When the employees are trained it becomes easy for them to adapt
themselves according to the changes made in business.
d. Training reduces the cost of supervision. Trained employees needs less
guidance which in turns reduces the needs for supervision.

A Study on Employees Training and Development Vision Needs of Training:

1. To enable the new recruits to understand work: A person who is taking up
his job for the first time must become familiar with it.
For example, if a fresh graduate is appointed as a clerk in a bank, he must first
of all gain knowledge of work assigned to him.
2. To enable existing employees to update skill and knowledge: Training is not
something needed for the newly recruited staff alone. Even the existing
employees of a concern may require training. Such training enables them to
update their skill and knowledge.
3. To enable an employee who has been promoted to understand his
responsibilities: Training is essential for an employee who has just been
promoted to a higher level job. With an evaluation in his position in the
organization, his responsibilities are also going to multiply.
4. To enable an employee to become versatile: Sometimes an employee may
have to gain knowledge of several related jobs. It will not be enough if he is only
good in the work he does presently.

Importance of Training:
1. Improvement in Skill and Knowledge:

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Such training helps the employees to perform his job much better. This benefits
the enterprise as well.
2. Higher Production and Productivity:
If an enterprise has a team of well trained employees there will be rise in
production as well as increase in productivity.
Productivity is the input- output ratio
3. Job Satisfaction:
Trained employees will be able to make better use of the making of their skill.
This increases their level of self-confidence and commitment to work. Such
employees are bound to have higher job satisfaction
4. Better use of Resources: Trained employees will be able to make better use
of materials and machines. This reduces the rate of wastage and spoilage of
materials and also breakage of tools and machines
5. Reduction in Accidents:
Trained employees are aware of safety precautions and so they are alert and
cautious. This is bound to bring down the number of accident in the works
place.
6. Reduced Supervision:
Well trained employees do not need much supervision. They can do their work
without having to approach their superior often for guidance.
7. Reduction in Complaints:
‘Only bad workers blame their tools’. An employee who has acquired the
necessary skill and job knowledge would certainly love his job.
8. Adaptability:
Trained workers have the capacity to adapt themselves to any kind of situation.
They are odd in crisis management too. This indeed is beneficial for the
organization.
9. Scope for Management by Exception:

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With trained workers working under them, it becomes easy for the managers to
get things done by delegating authority. This enables the managers to
concentrate more on important issues confronting the organization. 10.
Stability: “The employees of today are going to be the managers of tomorrow”.

The retirement of key managers may not affect the stability of an organization
if it has a team of trained, efficient and committed employees who are ever
ready to take over management.

Advantages of Training:

1. Quick Learning: Training helps to reduce the learning time to reach the
acceptable level of performance.
The employees need not learn by observing others & waste a long time, if the
formal training program exists in the organisation.
The qualified trainers will help the new employees to acquire the skills &
knowledge to do particular jobs within a short span of time.
2. Higher Productivity:
Training raises the skill of the employees in the performance of a particular job.
It helps to the existing employees to raise their level of performance on their
present job assignment.
3. Less Supervision:
If the employees are given adequate training, the need of supervision is
lessened. Training does not eliminate the need of supervision but it reduces the
need of detailed & regular supervision.
4. Economical Operation:
It helps to make a better & economical use of materials &equipment’s wastage
will be low. In addition the rate of accidents & damages to the machinery &
equipment will be kept to the minimum by the well trained employees.

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5. Higher Morale:
The objective of training program will mould employee’s attitude to achieve
support for organisational activities & obtain better Benefits of Training:

How training benefits the organisation:

1. Leads to improve profitability and more positive attitudes towards profits
orientation.
2. Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organisation.
3. Improve the morale of the workplace.
4. Helps people identify with organisational goals.
5. Helps create a better corporate image.
6. Improve the relationship between boss and subordinates.

7. Learn from the trainee.

8. Helps prepare guidelines for work.
9. Provide information for future needs in all areas of the organisation.
10. Organisation gets more effective in decision making and problem solving.

Benefits to the individual which1 in turn ultimately should benefits the

organisation:

1. Helps the individual in making better decisions and effective problem solving.
2. Helps a person handle stress, tension, frustration and conflict.
3. Provides information for improving leadership knowledge, communication
skills and attitudes.
4. Increase job satisfaction and recognition.
5. Moves a person’s towards personal goals while improving interactive skills.

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6. Satisfies personals needs of the trainer.

7. Develops a sense of growth in learning.
8. Helps a person develop speaking and listening skills, also writing skills when
exercise is required.

Purpose of Training:
a. Training is necessary when a person moves from one job to another (transfer)
b. Training is necessary to make employees mobile & versatile. They can be
placed in various jobs depending on organizational needs.
c. Training is needed to bridge the gap between what the employee wants and
what the job demands. cooperation& greater loyalty with the help of training
dissatisfaction complaints absenteeism & turnover can also be reduced
among the employees.

6. Better Management:

Manager can make use of training to manage in a better way. To him training
the employees can assists in improving his planning, organising, directing &
controlling.
7. Confidence: Training crates a feeling of confidence in the minds of workers.
It gives safety & security to them at a work place.
8. New Skills: Training develops skills which serve as a valuable personal asset
of the workers.
9. Promotion: Training helps for the promotion of the employees in the
organisation.
10. High Earnings: By improving skills training provides a chance of increasing
job knowledge & in turn earn more Introduction: Development refers to those
learning opportunities designed to help employees grow. Development is not
primarily skill oriented. Instead; it provides general knowledge and attitudes
which will helpful to employees in higher positions.

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Efforts towards development often depend on personal drive and ambition.

Development activities, such as those supplied by management development
programmes, are generally voluntary. Development is a related process.
it covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also
those which bring about growth of the personality;whichhelps individuals in the
progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so
they become not only good employees but better men and women. Training a
person for bigger and higher job is development.
And this may not only imparting specific skills and knowledge but also
inculcating certain personality and mental attitudes.

How to make Training Effective:

a. Determine the training needs through job description, performance
appraisal, potential appraisal and discussion with employees.
b. Prepare a training calendar in discussion with the managers concerned.
c. Define the training objectives specifically.
d. Select the efficient faculty

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Methods of Training:

1. On the Job Methods:

• It is also known as job instruction training

• It is most commonly used method
• Under this method, the individual is placed on a regular job & taught the skills
necessary to perform that job.
• This method is also called “learning by doing”
• In this method trainee learns under the guidance or supervision of the
supervisor or instructor.

a. Job Rotation:

Job rotation involves the transfer of trainees from one job to another and
sometimes from one branch to another. The trainee receives job knowledge &
gains experience from his supervisor.
The trainee receives full duties and responsibilities of the rotated position. It is
more suitable for lower level executives.
b. Coaching: In coaching, the superior plays an active role in training the
subordinate. The superior may assign challenging task to the subordinate for
the purpose of training. The superior may assist and advice the subordinate to
complete the assigned task. In this case, the superior acts as a coach in
training the subordinate.
A limitation of this method is that the trainee may not have the freedom or
opportunity to express his own ideas.
c. Job Instruction:

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This method is also known as training through step by step. Under this method,
the trainer explains to the trainee the way of doing the jobs, job knowledge &
skills & allows him to do the job.
The trainer appraises the performance of the trainee, provides feedback,
information & corrects the trainer.
D. Committee Assignment:
Under this method, a group of trainees are given & asked to solve an actual
organizational problem. The trainees solve the problem jointly. It develops the
team work.
2. Off the Job Method:
• Under this method the trainee learns outside the job and involves himself in
full time learning.
• In this method of training, the trainees is separated from the job situation &
his attention is focused upon learning the material related to his future job
performance.
• There is an opportunity for freedom of expression for the trainees. a. Vestibule
Training: In this method, actual work conditions are simulated in a class room.
Material, files, & equipment which are used in actual job performance are also
used in training. This type of training is commonly used for training personnel
for clerical &semi-skilled jobs.
The duration of this training ranges from days to few weeks.
Theory can be related to practice in this method.
b. Role Playing:
It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior
imaginary situation. This method of training involves action doing & practice,
the participants play the role of certain characters such as the production
manager, mechanical engineer, workers etc.
this method is mostly used for developing inter personal interaction &
relations.
c. Lecture Method:

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This is also called class room training. The special lectures can be given by the
top executive of the organization or by the specialist in a particular field.
The person is generally expert in the particular field. The trainees generally had
the note books to note down the important points said by the expert. This
method can also be used for the new entrant in the organization or to deliver
the message to large group in that case the cost per trainee is less.

d. Conference or Discussion:
It is a method in training the clerical, professional & supervisory personnel. This
method involves a group of people who pose ideas, share facts, ideas, data &
draw conclusions all of which contribute to the improvement of job
performance.
In this method it involves two way communications& hence feedback is
provided the participants feel free to speak in small groups.
e. Seminar and Workshops:
Management employees can be trained with the help of seminars and
workshops. In seminars, trainees present their papers on work related
developments.
The paper presentations are reviewed by experts. The experts may give their
insights on the topic presented by the trainee.
In workshops there is a good interaction between the trainer and the trainees.
The trainer may present his views on certain developments and then initiate
interactive discussion.
The trainees can get insights due to the views expressed by the trainer and
other trainees.

Steps involved in Training:

Step 1: Define the chart part of the organization in which the work has to be
done. It is to have a focused approach of the study. It could either be a
particular department, a section, a unit, a specific group or a staff category.
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Step 2: Use various data collection measures to collect both qualitative as well
as quantitative data.

Step 3: Analyze the entire data collected in order to find out causes of problem
areas and priorities areas, which need immediate attention.
Step 4: Priorities the different training programmers according to the
responses collected.
Step 5: Record and file the entire data so that it can be used for future reference
while designing training programmers/ training calendar.
Areas of Training:
1. Knowledge:
Employee gets knowledge on rules and regulations related to job, staff & the
products or services offered by the company. The aim is to make the employee
fully aware of the business environment.
2. Technical Skills:
The employee is trained on specific skill (operating a machine, handling
computers etc).
3. Social Skills:
The employee is made to develop a right mental attitude towards the job,
colleagues and the company. He/she is taught to be a team worker/member.
4. Techniques:
It involves application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations.

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Training Needs Assessment:

1. Determine: the training needs:

This involves finding answers to questions such as , whether training is
needed?
Where it is needed, which training, what is the duration
a. Organizational analysis
b. Task or role analysis
c. Person analysis
2. Organizational Analysis:
Study of the entire organization in terms of its objectives, resources, utilization
of these resources.
a. Analysis of objectives –

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study of short term and long term objectives and the strategies to fulfill the
objectives.
b. Resource utilization analysis:
contribution of various departments towards resources utilization.
c. Environmental scanning –
the economic, political, socio-cultural and technological environment is
examined.
d. Organization climate analysis –
the climate of an organization speaks about the attitudes of members towards
work, company policies, supervisors, co-workers, etc.
3. Task or Role Analysis:
a. Detailed examination of a job, its components, its various operations and
conditions under which job is performed.
b. The exercise is meant to find out how the various tasks have to performed,
what kind of skills, knowledge, attitudes are needed to meet the job needs.
c. After collecting the information, appropriate training programmes are
designed.
4. Person Analysis:
a. Focus is on the individual in a given job.
b. Find out if performance is satisfactory and if training is required
c. Find if employee is capable of being trained and the specific areas in which
he has to be trained.
d. Analysis is done by personal observation, performance reviews, supervisory
reports, etc.

Identify Training Objectives:

Basically there are three types of objectives:

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1. Regular
2. Problem Solving
3. Innovative
1. Regular :
a. Orientation:
Basic training, introduction about the job, how it has to be performed, time
needed to perform. b. Refresher courses on safety procedures
2. Problem Solving:
a. To reduce complaints, mistakes, errors, accidents.
b. Training in communication to reduce and handle employee grievances 3.
Innovative:
a. Anticipating problems before they occur b. Team building session with the
departments.
Evaluation of a Training Programme:
Evaluation helps in controlling & correcting the training programme. It can be
done in 5levels:
1. Reactions: Trainees reactions to the overall training – coverage of topics,
method of presentation, techniques used, doubts were clarified etc
. 2. Learning: The trainer’s ability and the trainees abilities can be judged by the
content that is being learnt and how he applies it to the job.
3. Job behavior: Includes manner and extent to which the trainee has applied
his learning to the job.
4. Organization: This evaluation measures the use of training, learning and
change in job behavior in the form of increased productivity, quality, morale,
sales turnover and the like.
5. Ultimate value: Measures the ultimate results of training, its contributions
towards achievements of organization goals like growth, profitability etc.
Methods of Evaluation:
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1. Questionnaire: A detailed questionnaire can be used to obtain opinions,

reactions, and views of trainees.
2. Tests:
Standard tests can be conducted to check how much the trainees have learnt.
3. Interviews:
One to one interview with trainees to know their reactions regarding training.
4. Human Resource Factors:
Evaluation can be done based on employee satisfaction, which can be
determined by decrease in absenteeism, accidents, grievances, dismissals
etc.
5. Studies:
Comprehensive studies can be carried out eliciting the opinions and
judgments of trainers, superiors, colleagues etc.
6. Cost benefit Analysis:
The cost of training (cost of hiring, tools to learn, training centers, production
stoppage etc) could be compared with its value (in terms of improved learning,
superior performance etc.)
7. Feedback:
Identify gaps in the training programmer, correction measures needs to be
taken for improvement.

Introduction:

Development:
Management development is all those activities and programmer when
recognized and controlled have substantial influence in changing the capacity

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of the individual to perform his assignment better and ingoing so all likely to
increase his potential for future assignments.
Thus, management development is a combination of various training
programmer, though some kind of training is necessary,
it is the overall development of the competency of managerial personal in the
light of the present requirement as well as the future requirement.
Development an activity designed to improve the performance of existing
managers and to provide for a planned growth of managers to meet future
organizational requirements is management development.
Definition of Development:
According to Mr. Emoia “Development covers not only those activities which
improve job performance, but those which bring about growth of personality,
help individuals in the progress towards maturity actualization of their potential
capacities, so that they become not only good employees but better men and
women”.

Training needs identification for a company:

Training need identification is a tool utilized to identify what educational

courses or activities should be provided to employees to improve their work
productivity. Here the focus should be placed on needs as opposed to desires
of the employees for a constructive outcome.
In order to emphasize the importance of training need identification we can
focus on the following areas:
a. To pinpoint if training will make a difference in productivity and the bottom
line
b. To decide what specific training each employee needs and what will improve
his or her job performance.
c. To differentiate between the need for training and organizational issues and
bring about a match between individual aspirations and organizational goals.
Identification of training needs, if done properly, provides the basis on which
all other training activities can be considered.
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Also requiring careful thought and analysis, it is a process that needs to be

carried out with sensitivity as people's learning is important to them, and the
reputation of the organization is also at stake.
Identification of training needs is important from both the organizational point
of view as well as from an individual's point of view.
From an organization’s point of view it is important because an organization
has objectives that it wants to achieve for the benefit of all stakeholders or
members, including owners, employees, customers, suppliers, and neighbors.
These objectives can be achieved only through harnessing the abilities of its
people, releasing potential and maximizing opportunities for development.
Therefore people must know what they need to learn in order to achieve
organizational goals. Similarly if seen from an individual's point of view, people
have aspirations, they want to develop and in order to learn and use new
abilities, people need appropriate opportunities, resources, and conditions.

Therefore, to meet people's aspirations, the organization must provide

effective and attractive learning resources and conditions.
And it is also important to see that there is a suitable match between achieving
organizational goals and providing attractive learning opportunities.
Training and development is a function of human resource management
concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of
individuals and groups in organization settings.
It has been known by several names, including "Human Resource
Development",
"Human Capital Development" and "Learning and Development".
These definitions, of course, are viewed within the context of organizational
learning rather than other contexts (e.g. personal) of training and development.
Training Process Needs Assessment:

1. Organization Support
2. Organizational Analysis

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3. Tasks and KSA Analysis

4. Person Analysis Instructional Objectives Development of Criteria Training
Validity Transfer Validity Inter organizational Validity Inter organizational
Validity Selection and Design of Instructional Programs Training Use of
Evaluation Mod. Lots of time training is confused with development, both are
different in certain respects yet components of the same system.

Development implies opportunities created to help employees grow. It is more

of long term or futuristic in nature as opposed to training, which focus on the
current job. It also is not limited to the job avenues in the current organization
but may focus on other development aspects also.

At Goodyear, for example, employees are expected to mandatorily attend

training program on presentation skills however they are also free to choose a
course on ‘perspectives in leadership through literature’.

Whereas the presentation skills program helps them on job, the literature
based program may or may not help them directly.

Similarly many organizations choose certain employees preferentially for

programs to develop them for future positions. This is done on the basis of
existing attitude, skills and abilities, knowledge and performance of the
employee. Most of the leadership programs tend to be of this nature with a
vision of creating and nurturing leaders for tomorrow.
The major difference between training and development therefore is that while
training focuses often on the current employee needs or competency gaps,
development concerns itself with preparing people for future assignments and
responsibilities.
With technology creating more deskilled workers and with industrial workers
being replaced by knowledge workers, training and development is at the
forefront of HRD.

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The onus is now on the human development department to take a proactive

leadership role in responding to training and business needs. Development
refers to those learning opportunities designed to help employees grow.
Development is not primarily skill oriented.
Instead; it provides general knowledge and attitudes which will helpful to
employees in higher positions. Efforts towards development often depend on
personal drive and ambition. Development activities, such as those supplied
by management development programmes, are generally voluntary.
Development is a related process.
it covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also
those which bring about growth of the personality ;which helps individuals in
the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so
they become not only good employees but better men and women. Training a
person for bigger and higher job is development.
And this may not only imparting specific skills and knowledge but also
inculcating certain personality and mental attitudes Training and Development
Objectives:
The principal objective of training and development division is to make sure
the availability of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization.
In addition to that, there are four other objectives: Individual, Organizational,
Functional, and Societal.
Individual Objectives –It help employees in achieving their personal goals,
which in turn, enhances the individual contribution to an organization.

Organizational Objectives –It assist the organization with its primary

objective by bringing individual effectiveness. Functional Objectives –It
maintain the department’s contribution at a level suitable to the organization’s
needs.

Societal Objectives –It ensure that an organization is ethically and socially

responsible to the needs and challenges of the society.

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Difference between Training and Development:

Theories of Training and Development

1. Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model:

The Kirkpatrick evaluation model or theory was developed in 1959 by University
of Wisconsin professor emeritus Donald Kirkpatrick. It consists of four levels
of evaluation: reaction of participants;
learning, or the knowledge and skills gained; behavior, or the ability to apply the
new skills; and results, or the organizational impact. Each level of evaluation
builds upon and adds precision to the previous level.
The reaction: The reaction level measures how training participants react,
including their level of participation; ease and comfort of experience;
and the level of effort required to make the most of the learning. A reaction
evaluation is inexpensive and simple to administer using interaction with the
participants, post-training surveys and online questionnaires.

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The evaluation can be done immediately after the training ends. It is important
that participants have a positive reaction to the training sessions because a
negative reaction leads to poor learning.
The learning: Learning evaluations are usually conducted before and after a
training program to assess the impact the program has had on the learning
process. Evaluations assess whether participants have advanced in
knowledge, skills and intellectual capacity as a result of the training.
Learning evaluation tools include self-assessment using online questionnaires
and tests, and formal assessment through interviews and observations.
Learning evaluation is especially relevant for technical training because
technical skill level changes are usually more quantifiable.
Behavior: Behavior evaluation assesses the extent to which training
participants apply the learning in their jobs.
The evaluation is usually done over a period of time to determine if the
participants use the new skills and knowledge on the job, improve their
performance and transfer the knowledge to their peers. Tools include
observations, questionnaires, tests and interviews. Behavior evaluations take
more time and effort than reaction and learning evaluations. It is important to
involve the line managers and immediate supervisors in the process because
they are in the best position to observe and assess participant behavior
changes.

Results: Results evaluation determines the success of a training program in

operational and strategic terms, such as increased sales, reduced expenses,
improved quality and reduced cases of workplace injuries.
However, it may not always be possible to correlate improved operational
performance with training. For example, improvements in product quality may
be due to better design tools and more qualified staff, not just a new quality
training program. External factors, such as changes in the economy and the
competitive environment, may also influence operational results.

Factors influencing Training and Development:

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a. Top management support

b. Commitment from specialists and generalists
c. Technological advances
d. Organizational complexity
e. Learning principles

Methods of Training and Development in Vision Plus:

1. On the Job Methods:

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• It is also known as job instruction training

• It is most commonly used method
• Under this method, the individual is placed on a regular job & taught the skills
necessary to perform that job
. • This method is also called “learning by doing”
• In this method trainee learns under the guidance or supervision of the
supervisor or instructor
. A. Coaching: In coaching, the superior plays an active role in training the
subordinate. The superior may assign challenging task to the subordinate for
the purpose of training. The superior may assist and advice the subordinate to
complete the assigned task. In this case, the superior acts as a coach in
training the subordinate.
A limitation of this method is that the trainee may not have the freedom or
opportunity to express his own ideas. This method of training motivate the
employees in Vision Plus.
B. Job Instruction:
This method is also known as training through step by step. Under this method,
the trainer explains to the trainee the way of doing the jobs, job knowledge &
skills & allows him to do the job.
The trainer appraises the performance of the trainee, provides feedback,
information & corrects the trainer.
This method of training motivate the employees in Vision Plus. C. Committee
Assignment: Under this method, a group of trainees are given & asked to solve
an actual organizational problem. The trainees solve the problem jointly. It
develops the team work.
2. Off the Job Method:
• Under this method the trainee learns outside the job and involves himself in
full time learning.
• In this method of training, the trainees is separated from the job situation &
his attention is focused upon learning the material related to his future job
performance.

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• There is an opportunity for freedom of expression for the trainees.

a. Vestibule Training:
In this method, actual work conditions are simulated in a class room. Material,
files, & equipment which are used in actual job performance are also used in
training. This type of training is commonly used for training personnel for
clerical &semi-skilled jobs.
The duration of this training ranges from days to few weeks. Theory can be
related to practice in this method.
b. Role Playing:
It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior
imaginary situation.
This method of training involves action doing & practice, the participants play
the role of certain characters such as the production manager, mechanical
engineer, workers etc. this method is mostly used for developing inter personal
interaction & relations.

c. Lecture Method:
This is also called class room training. The special lectures can be given by the
top executive of the organization or by the specialist in a particular field. The
person is generally expert in the particular field.
The trainees generally had the note books to note down the important points
said by the expert.
This method can also be used for the new entrant in the organization or to
deliver the message to large group in that case the cost per trainee is less. This
method of training motivate the employees in Vision Plus.
d. Conference or Discussion:
It is a method in training the clerical, professional & supervisory personnel.
This method involves a group of people who pose ideas, share facts, ideas, and
data& draw conclusions all of which contribute to the improvement of job
performance.

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In this method it involves two way communications& hence feedback is

provided the participants feel free to speak in small groups.
This method of training motivate the employees in Vision Plus. e. Professional
skill training:
Here, training is given to Professional staff such as Accountants, Surveyors,
Auditors, and Architects etc.
Organization provides this training to newly joined professionals to gain the
professional qualification and it is also given to the existing professionals

Chapter - 2 Research Design

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Title of the Study:

A Study on Employees Training and Development at Vision Plus Private Limited

Need for the Study: Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of
an employee for doing a particular job. It utilizes a systematic and organized
procedure by which employee learns technical knowledge and skills.
Training refers to the teaching and learning activities carried on for the primary
purpose of helping members of an organization.
Training is closely related with education and development but needs to be
differentiated from these terms.
It is aimed at improving the behavior and performance of a person. Training is
a continuous and life long process.
Training provides an atmosphere of sharing synthesizing with the help of the
trainers, the information already available on the subject. Significance of the
Study: The development of any organization depends on its employees. For

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organizational productivity training and development assumes great

significance.
Training aims at increasing the knowledge and skills of the employee whereas
organizational development on the other hand refers to overall improvement of
the organization such as its structure,
objectives, policies and procedures including managers and employees.
Organizational development can be achieved by hiring the services of the
professional’s consultants.
Training and development programs are often viewed as part of organizational
development.
A better knowledge about these things can facilitate the trainer as well as the
trainee in conducting and benefiting from the training. But training being a very
complex process makes it a bit difficult. \
So the best way to achieve it is by studying and analyzing the feedback of
employees as well as managers.
The project includes collecting information from staffs of Vision Plus Private
Limited, analyzing it, interpreting it, and concluding useful suggestions from it.

Objectives of the Study:

1. To recognize the meaning, nature, scope and features of the training and
development.
2. To know how the training and development program effects on the employee
productivity.
3. To study the employees perception towards organisational training and
development.
4. To study the methods used in training the employees.
5. To determine which kind of training and development programs are effective
in motivation.

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6. To study the effectiveness of training and development programs in vision

plus.
7. To give the suggestion for the growth and perspective of the company.

Research Methodology:

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem.

It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done
scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a
researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them.

Methodology gives us the blueprint of activities to be carried out

systematically in order to complete the study successfully.

➢ Formulating the Research Problem

➢ Extensive Literature Review
➢ Developing the Objectives
➢ Preparing the Research Design including Sample Design
➢ Collecting the Data
➢ Analysis of Data
➢ Preparation of the Report or Presentation of Results, Formal write ups of
conclusion.
➢ Generalization and Interpretation and Conclusion

Methodology:
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1. Questionnaire:
A questionnaire was served to all the employees asking their opinion about the
effectives of training and development programs at Vision Plus Private Limited
2. Personal Interview:
A face-to-face talk is carried out with the employees where I asked several
employees about their feelings and opinions on various aspects of their jobs
and organization.

3. Company Data and Reports:

Certain reports from the HRD department provided the information as to the
total no of employees, schedule of training programs, number of persons
attending it and other such things, which indicated the employee performance
on the job after attending these training programs.
Data Collection:
To produce a reliable questionnaire both primary and secondary information
was used. Primary data is the first hand information; the questionnaire was
prepared by me under the guidance of the mentor wherein I used Likert five-
point scale and closed ended questions for measuring attitudes of the
employees for my study.
The questionnaire comprised 20 questions which covered all the aspects of
measuring “the effectiveness of training and development”.
1. Primary Data:
An instrument is used to collect the required information from the employees
and also interact the employees personally. Primary data helps us in making
observation of employee’s behaviors, talk gestures which helped me in
identifying the attitude of employees towards the training program and the
effectiveness of the training program in the organization.
Primary Data Sources:
a. Questionnaire

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b. Observation
c. Interview

2. Secondary Data:

It was collected from the website of the company, and the company personnel,
certain reports from the HR department.
The research also took the help of the books and journal. Secondary Data:
a. Book
b. Periodicals or journals
c. Research thesis and dissertations
d. Footnotes
e. Encyclopedias
f. Websites/blogs Both primary and secondary data served the purpose in
measuring the effectiveness of training and development at Vision Plus Private
Limited.

Both are equally essential for any type of survey.

Research Design:
A research design is the assignment of conditions for collection and analysis
of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the search purpose
formidable problem that follow the fact defining the research is the preparation
in this study the researcher has made use of the descriptive research design
this is used to determine some definitive purpose with the help of structured
questionnaire to further primary information to focus on the accurate
description of the variable present in the problem Sampling:

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Sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within

a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Researchers
rarely survey the entire population because the cost of a census is too high. The
three main advantages of sampling are that the cost is lower, data collection is
faster, and since the data set is smaller it is possible to ensure homogeneity
and to improve the accuracy and quality of the data.
In the study researcher has used probability sampling. Sample Size: The total
number of employees in an organization is 400.
It would be time consuming as well as difficult to interview all 400 employees.
So for the purpose of this project report researcher has selected 100 of
population for sampling. The samples were selected using simple random
sampling techniques
i.e, every individual in the total population had equal chances of being selected.
Selection of Sample Respondents Simple Random Sampling:
A simple random sample is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a
larger set (a population).
Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each
individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the
sampling process, and each subset of k individuals has the same probability of
being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals.
This process and technique is known as simple random sampling. Tools Used
for Data Analysis:
For this research researcher has used some of the tools like graphical
methods, bar diagram etc for doing the data analysis.
Period of the Study:
This study was conducted in Vision Plus Private Limited with a period of 30
days.
1. Initial five days were spent on data collection.
2. Next 6 days were engaged with the employees to have a personal contact
with them.
3. The next 15 days were used to help up in the HR department concerns such
as conducting meetings, applications arranging and informing meeting etc
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. 4. The last 5 days were used to circulate the questionnaire and collect reply
from employees. Area Covered: For this survey I have covered all the
departments of the organization -

Vision Plus Private Limited Limitations of the Study:

1. Due to restriction to enter into some of the departments at Vision Plus

Private Limited. I could not cover some of the aspects required for my study.
2. Interaction with the company executive was limited due to their busy
schedule.
3. The information collected is mainly primary data and the accuracy is subject
to the responses received.
4. The employees of the Vision Plus and services found it difficult to answer
questions properly due to their busy and heavy workload.
5. Some were reluctant to answer some question thinking that might affect
their job negatively.
6. The primary collection of data was time consuming, as the employees were
busy.
7. The total time allowed by company to do the project was very less.
8. Being a very lengthy and complex process it is difficult to analyze the details
of training and process

SWOT Analysis:

1. Strengths:

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a. Committed toward work, positive and logical in approach, constructive in

handling criticism.
b. Quick learner of new skills.
c. Confidentiality keeper.
d. Self-motivated.
e. Always discuss soft skills like positive, friendly, approachable, excellent
team member, work well under pressure.
f. It can establish a world-wide environment. g. It is growing very fast in the
market.
2. Weaknesses:
a. It has a competitive pricing policy. b. It is investing too much in R&D but its
marketing skills are provides continuous training to below average.
c. Competitors are chasing close maintains solid partnerships behind with its
customers.
3. Opportunities:
a. Opportunity to face the competitors in the market.
b. Opportunity to enter foreign contracts other than Indian contracts.
c. Opportunity to establish worldwide branches because of its services. d.
Opportunity to acquire more market share.
4. Threats:
a. Instability and economic instability which are affecting the business. b.
Knowledge broadcast system via the internet.

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Chapter – 3
Data Analysis and Interpretation

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Interpretation:

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In Table 1 and Figure 1, 99%of the respondents agree that they like to attend
training program and 1% of the respondents does not like to attend training
program for their necessary performance.

Interpretation:
In Table 2 and Figure 2, 82% of the respondents agree that training means it is
knowledge and skills, 11% of the respondents agree that training means
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learning, 5% of the respondents agree that training for them is sharing

information and 2 % of the respondents agree that training is enhancement of
their knowledge and skills necessary for their performance.

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Interpretation:
In Table 4 and Figure 4, 82% of the respondents strongly agree that training is
a part of organizational strategy, 17% of the respondents neutral in their
opinion and 1% of the respondents not agree with this statement.

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Interpretation:
In Table 6 and Figure 6, 73% of the respondents agree that every month training
programs are conducted in their organization, 19% of the respondents agree
that quarterly required training programs in their organisation. 6% of the
respondents agreed that training is required half yearly, and 2 % of the
respondents agreed that once in a year they conduct training programs to their
employees.

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Interpretation:
In Table 9 and Figure 9, 65% of the respondents agree that coaching is the
method to use training in the organisation. 17% of the respondent’s agree that
they consider conference as their training, 5% of the respondents agree that
role playing is the method which they used for training and rest 3% agree that
job rotation is the method which they use to their employees in the organisation.

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Interpretation:
In Table 10 and Figure 10, 48% of the respondents agree that lack of interest is
the barrier for training and development in their organization. 10% of the
respondents agree that barrier may be non availability of skilled labours.
5% of the respondents may agree that finance is the barrier for training and
development for their organisation and rest of the respondents says it is due to
some other factor

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Chapter – 4
Findings, Suggestions & Conclusion

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Findings:

1. 99%of the respondents agree that they like to attend training program.
2. 82% of the respondents agree that training means it is knowledge and skills.
3. Majority of the respondents agree that training program is essential for both
new employees and existing employee.
4. 82% of the respondents strongly agree that training is a part of organizational
strategy.
5. Majority of the respondents agree that training is well planned in their
organization.
6. 73% of the respondents agree that every month training programs are
conducted in their organization.
7. Majority of the respondents agree that training program is compulsory for
the employees to work better.
8. 97% of the respondents agree that training is helpful in enhancing
productivity and performance of an employee.
9. 65% of the respondents agree that coaching is the method to use training in
the organization.
10. 48% of the respondents agree that lack of interest is the barrier for training
and development in their organization.
11. 77% of the respondents agree that within 2-3 months they need to
implement training process in their organization.
12. Majority of the respondents agree that training is relevant to needs of the
organization.

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13. 89% of the respondents agree that training helps to improve employee and
employer relationship
14. 68% of the respondents strongly agree that training helps to increase
motivational level of the employees.
15. 51% of the respondents agree that training program enable the employees
to be accountable and authoritative in making decision.
16. 81% of the respondents agree that training method focus on developing
team work and leadership skills.
17. 96% of the respondents agree that instructor response to trainees doubts.
18. 86% of the respondents agree that employees after training are given
preference for new assignments.
19. 63% of the respondents agree that effectiveness of training program is
excellent
20. 95% of the respondents agree that feedback can evaluate the effectiveness
of training program. Findings from the Organisation:
a. The environment of the organisation must be very friendly which will help
employees in satisfaction of the work and others factors.\
b. The organisation has many fresher’s from which they work very
enthusiastically and there can be more productivity.
c. The relationship between the superior and subordinate is very good and this
will bring the organisation and employees to work in a good environment. d.
Organisation provides employee opportunity to the people who are not
properly educated or highly qualified. e. The organisation gives them proper
training and improve them

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Suggestions:

1. Employees should decide and determine the training programs that they
need so that they can work more effectively and efficiently, employees should
decide some of the training they would like to undergo.

2. The HR department should conduct briefing and debriefing sessions for

employees for training as to give them an idea as to why this training is been
conducted and what they have to learn in the training program conducted and
also after training completion they should take a feedback as to how effective
was the training so that the necessary improvements in training programs can
be considered and implemented.
3. Apart from on-job training programs the HR Department should conduct
constant value addition programs such as Time management, Stress
management trainings, group dynamics, grievance redressal; these will help to
add value and is also essential in today’s business scenario.
4. Performance of every employee undergone training should be evaluated so
as to get Improved quality of training activities, Improve ability of the trainers to
relate inputs to output know their understanding about the training programme
conducted
5. Training program should evaluate the abilities, competencies and potentials
of the trainees for a particular job or work skills. 6. It should aim to narrow down
the gap between expected level of performance and the actual level of
performance.

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7. It should provide new recruits or trainees a scientific pace for imbibing the
knowledge and skills required to discharge their duties and responsibilities
meaningfully and purposefully.
8. The company should conduct training programs at regular intervals, which
helps the employees to enhance their knowledge for their current jobs.
9. The company should design the training program based on the current
requirement, which includes development of technical skills, personality
development, time management, computer knowledge etc.
10. The training session should be made more interactive and participative so
that trainees and trainer are in constant interaction Conclusion: HRM is
nothing but managing the human resource, from the date of recruitment till the
retirement and each employee needs some training program to develop their
skills and ability.
Today we are living in a competitive world in order to survive among other
factors, it is the employees who make the organisation reach their desired goal.
Identification the training and development needs in the employees which is
very important in the organisation
.it will help to achieve individual goals has well has organisation goals it also
help in productivity of the present employees and also the standard of living of
the employees and their family When proper training and development is
provided from the organisation to the employees,
it helps increase the employee’s interest towards the work and also the
organisation, when training and development is done by the organisation,
it helps to recognize the present level of the employees and what changes are
needed to improve their skills, attitude knowledge, experience and also it is
able to recognize the negativity of the present problems in the programs which
are improving the profits, goodwill. There are lot of problems which are faced
by the organisation because of the lack of training they can be like accidents,
injuries fights, work environment,
alcohol and harassment, machineries can also be a major part of failure so
training on all this teams is to be given properly and the organisation should
understand the problems of the employees. Training must be given in factors
which are mostly affected on the employees such has on-the-job programs.

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According to the study conducted we can conclude that the overall

satisfaction level of employees in relation to the training programs is moderate.
The employees agree that the training programs help to increase productivity
and achieve the organizational goal.
The employees said that the training programs in the organization are well
planned but they are not satisfied with the duration of the training program and
they are also not satisfied with the evaluation process of training program,
they are not evaluated periodically. The training programs in the organization
strongly focus on the technical and managerial capabilities but these programs
are not given adequate importance sometimes because of the work pressure.
The employees do not take the training programs seriously, as there are no
strict rules and regulations to attend the training programs.
The employees are not involved in determining the training need analysis. The
training programs are fixed by the top management. The quality of the training
programs is excellent but the employees are not making the best use of it.
Therefore we can conclude that the training programs in the organization are
excellent but they have been not utilized properly by the employees as the
training programs are not mad compulsory to all the departments.
There is a broader scope to develop and improve its training programs in future
in order to meet the requirements of the global market

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References Books:

1. Training and Development – SubbaRao

2. Human Resource Personal Management – K. Ashwatappa
3. Human Resource Management - Gary Dessler

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