IEEE 037.41-1988 (Revision of ANSI/IEEE C2741-1981) IEEE Standard Design Tests for High-Voltage Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories Sponsor ‘Switchgear Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Ine National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved March 10, 1988 IEEE Standards Board © Copyright 1089 by ‘The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form, "san electronic retrieval system or others, swith the prion writen permission of the publisherIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Com- rmittees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEBE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve volun- tarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE which have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. ‘Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE, Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state ofthe art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least once every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old, and has not been reaffirmed, itis reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to deter mine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any inter- ested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments, Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute wil initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, itis important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason IEEE and the members of its technical comit- tees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those eases where the matter has previously received formal consideration, Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE Standards Board 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA, IEBE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Elec- trical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. ‘Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents,Foreword (Ths Foreword isnot part of ANSI/TEEE C37.41-1968, IEEE Standard Desgn Test for High-Voltage uses, Distribution ‘closed Single-Pole Ar Switches, Fase Disconnecing Switches, and Accesories) ‘This standard is a revision of ANSI C37.41-1981 to bring it up to date and in line with present day requirements for high-voltage fuses and switches. The expanded coverage of interrupting tests for Distribution Cutouts, Power Fuses and Current Limiting Fuses broadens its applicability. ‘This standard was prepared by the IEEE Subcommittee on High Voltage Fuses with cooperation from the C37 Subcommittee on High-Voltage Fuses and NEMA. ‘This standard is one of a series of complementary American National Standards covering various types of high-voltage fuses and switches, so arranged that certain of the standards apply to all devices while each of the other standards provide additional specifications for a particular device. For any device ANSI/IEEE C37.40-1981, ANSI/IEEE C87.41-1981 plus the additional standard covering that device constitute a complete standard for the device. In addition, ANSI/IEEE C37 48-1987 is an applica tion, operation, and maintenance guide for all the devices, : ‘The following American National Standards make up this series ANSI/IBEE C37.40-1981 (1987), Service Conditions and Definitions for High-Voltage Fuses, Distribu: tion Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories ANSI/IBEE C37.41-1988, Design Tests for High-Voltage Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories ANSI C37.42-1981 (R 1987),! Specifications for Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links ANSI C37.44-1981 (R 1987), Specifications for Distribution Oil Cutouts and Fuse Links ANSI C37.45-1981 (R 1987), Specifications for Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches ANSI C37.46-1981 (R 1987), Specifications for Power Fuses and Fuse Disconnecting Switches ANSI C37.47-1981 (R 1987), Specifications for Distribution Fuse Disconnecting Switches, Fuse Sup- ports, and Current Limiting Fuses ANSI/IEEE (37.48-1987, Guide for Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links, Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories ‘The American National Standards Committee on Power Switchgear, C37, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: W.E, Laubach, Chairman ALK. McCabe, Executive Vice-Chairman, High Voltage D. L. Swindler, Executive Vice Chairman, IEC S.H. Telander, Executive Vice-Chairman, Low Voltage C.H. White, Secretary M. B. Williams, Program AdministratorOrganization Representa Name of Representative Association of ron and Steel Engineers ..- s+. JM Tila Bete Light and Power Group == GR Brandenberge (AR) TE Bruck (Al) HLL Capra HD, Mend DA Dialer MC Provanzana DLE som (Ai) 6. Atkinson (Al) Institute of Retrieal and Electronics Engineers D.M Larson HW Miaecky EW Sehmunk LL Schwalbe National Betrical Manufacturers Association... sseeeeeseee TC Barner . RA Meblaster RH Miler H Le Miler ca) RO.D.Wnie ‘Teatng Lab Group Lier Wi Grady RW Seetbach (Al) ‘Tennesce Valley Authority - RM Rowen UUS Department ofthe Arm WM Jones US. Department of he Nar RL Gark US Department of the Intro Wi. Ret U.S. Department of Agriculture. ae 6 personnel: J.B. Beard, Chairman J.G, Leach, Secretary C4. Abrano HE. other HM Pane Ri ama GC Hameria R Ranjan a Burke SF Hasler He wed CL Burana Maka HLF Reynolds RF Burnet Wid Huber TLE Raymer F Calderon Di Khe Wore Rocth FL Cameron TS Laster 36S Gir RL apra ER Maree BW Schmunk CS Geale i Woe HE Swanson WR Crook Ed Muench AC Weseom ALN Narancie When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 10, 1988, it had the following ‘membership: Donald C. Fleckenstein, Chairman Mareo Migliare, Vice Chairman Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Artur A. Baisde Jack M. Kin 1, Bruce MeCtung Pitcher Bucley Frank D. Kirchner iehard B Mosher Fran C Kitzanties TL dohn Rackine Soseph L Koepinger™ Gary 5 Robinson Irving Kelodry Prank Le Rose Elbward Lohee Helen Wad Kenneth D. Hendrix John E May, Je Keri H Zaninger ‘Theodore W-Hssey, Jr Taverence VeCal Donald W. ZipseContents SECTION 1, Scope and References. Ll Scope .... 12 References 2, Design Tests 3, Common Test Practices .. 3.1 General Test Conditions. «2... B2 Condition of Device to be Tested . 33. Mounting of Specimen and Grounding. . 34 Frequency and Wave Shape of Test Voltage 4, Dielectric Tests. es 4.1 Test Practices... 42° Test Procedures 1... 5. Expendable Cap Static Relief Pressure Tests . 5 Test Practices, 52 Test Procedure 6, Interrupting Tests... 61. Test Practices 62 Test Samples . 63 Characteristics of the Test Circuit... 64 Determination of Available Short-Circuit Current of Test Circuit 65. Tests on the Device ..... a 66 Description of Interrupting Performance Tests . 6.7 Condition After Interrupting Performance Tests... 68 Tests for Current Limiting Fuses in Enclosures .. 7. Load-Break Tests. 71 Test Practices . 72 Test Procedure ....... 73 Condition of Device After Test... ae se ae ae 81 Test Practices ...... 82 Test Procedure . 9. Radio-Influence Tests . 91 Test Practices 92. Test Equipment and Procedure 93. Interpretation of Tests 10. Short-Time Current Tests 101 Test Practices 102 Test Procedures 11. TemperatureRise Tests ... 11.1 Test Practices .. 112 Test Procedure 12, Time-Current Tests 29 121 Test Practices =... 29 122 Test Procedures ».... 29 123 Presentation of Data. 30 13, Mechanical Design Tests for Distribution Cutouts. 30secrion PAGE 18.1 Mechanical Operation Tests for Distribution Open Fuse Cutouts Under New, Clean Conditions 30 132 Thermal Cycle Tests for Distribution —. Cutouts 22.2) 30 133 Torque Test ....... al FIGURES Rig Akemate Tet Cru fr Sere 3 Test on Current Limiting Fuses 2 Fig 2a Typical Lagging Power Factor Test Circuit ae 25 Fig 2 Typical Leading Power Factor Test Cireuit 225 ‘TABLES Table 1 Design Tests . 8 Table 2 Interrupting Performance Tests — Power Fuses (Except Current-Limiting).- 9 Table 3 Interrupting Performance Tests — Power Fuses (Except Current Limiting) (Use with Table 2).. eis ‘Table 4 Minimum X/R Ratio for Test Series 5 for Power Fuses (Except Current Limiting) 1B ‘Table 5 Interrupting Performance Tests — Single-Voltage-Rated Distribution Cutouts (Except Oil Cutouts and Open Link Cutouts) ...... 14 ‘Table 6 Interrupting Performance Tests — Single-Voltage Rated Distribution Cutouts (Except Oil Cutouts and Open Link Cutouts) (Use with Table 5) 0 Table 7 — Minimum X/R Ratios for Distribution Cutout Interrupting Tests... 15 Table 8 Interrupting Performance Tests — Slant-Voltage-Rated (Multiple Voltage Rated) Distribution Cutouts 16 Table 9 Interrupting Performance Tests — Slant-Noltage Rated (Muliple-Voltage-Rated) Distribution Cutouts (Use with Table 8) . ‘Table 10 Interrupting Performance Tests — Current Limiting Power and Distribution Fuses ‘Table 11 Interrupting Performance Tests — Current-Limiting Power and Distribution Fuses (Use with Table 10) . ee ‘Table 12 Size and Length of Bare Conductors for Specified Tests... 219 Table 13 Interrupting Test Requirements for a Homogeneous Series of Fuse Units » 20 APPENDIXES Appendix A Recommended Methods for Determining the Value of a Sinusoidal Current Wave and a Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage . 33 Appendix B- Recommended Method for Determining the Bauvalent Steady-State RMS Current for Plotting Time-Current Curves «...+.ese+e+e 37 Appendix C Simplified Fault Current Calculation . 38 ‘Appendix D_ Transient Recovery Voltage Parameters 39 APPENDIX FIGURES. Fig Al_ Method for Determining the RMS Value of a Symmetrical Sinusoidal Wave 33 Fig A2_ Method for Determining the RMS Value of an Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave 33 Fig A3_ Chart for Determining the RMS Value of an Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave. as Fig Ad A Scale for Measuring the RMS Value of an Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave 35 Fig A5 Curves for Determining from a Single Loop of a Displaced Sinusoidal Wave, the RMS Valu ofthe Wave Integrated over a Complete Cycle or over the Single Lamp... 38 Fig AG Determination of Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage ...... re 196. Fig CI Relation of X/R Ratio to Multiplication Fuctor Sess 38 Fig D1 Typical Test Circuits. wo ean. Fig D2 Peak Factor Determination from Current-Injection Test Record 41 Fig D3 Peak Factor Determination from Fault-Interruption Test Record ..........scccsseesesee 42IEEE Standard Design Tests for High-Voltage Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories 1. Scope and References 1.1 Scope. This standard applies to tests for high-voltage fuses (above 600 V), distribution en- closed single-pole air switches, fuse disconnecting switches, and accessories (for alternating-current distribution systems) as follows: (2) Enclosed, open, and open-link types of dis: tribution cutouts and fuses (2) Distribution current-limiting fuses (8) Disbribution oil cutouts (G) Distribution enclosed single-pole air switches (©) Power fuses, including current-limiting types (6) Outdoor and indoor fuse disconnecting switches (7) Fuse supports, fuse mountings, fuse hooks, fuse tongs, and fuse links, all of the type used exclusively with products listed in (1) through (6), above (8) Removable switch blades for products listed in (1) through (3), above 12 References. When the following American National Standards referred to in this standard are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, the re- vision shall apply. [1] ANSI 3742-1981, American National Stan- dard Specifications for Distribution Cutouts and Puse Links.! 2] ANSI.C37.44-1981 (R 1987), American Nation- al Standard Specifications for Distribution Oil Cutouts and Fuse Links [3] ANSI 3745-1981 (R 1987), American Na- tional Standard Specifications for Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches. "ANSI publications are avaable fom the Sales Depart: rent of the Ammencan National Standards Instute, 1430 Broadway, New York NY 10018 [4] ANSI C37.46-1981 (R 1987), American Na- tional Standard Specifications for Power Fuses and Fuse Disconnecting Switches. [5] ANSI C37.47-1981, American National Stan- dard Specifications for Distribution Fuse Discon- necting Switches, Fuse Supports, and Current- Limiting Fuses. [6] ANSI 632.1987, American National Stan. dard Specifications for Electromagnetic Noise and Field Strength Instrumentation, 10 kHz to 1H, [7] ANSI/IEEE C37.40-1981 (R 1987), IEEE Stan. dard Service Conditions and Definitions for High Voltage Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories. [8] ANSI/IEEE Std 4.1978, IRE! niques for High-Voltage Testing? Standard Tech- 2. Design Tests 2.1 ‘The design tests to be conducted upon com pletion of a design or following a change that affects the performance are specified in the fol lowing standards: ANSI (37-42-1981 (R 1987) [1]? ANSI 37-44-1981 (R 1987) [2] ‘ANSI C37.45-1981 (R 1987) [3] ANSI C37.46-1981 (R 1987) [4] ‘ANSI C37.47-1981 (R 1987) [5] 22 Table 1 summarizes these tests, EANSW/IEEE publications are avaiable thom the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1490 Broadway, New York NY 10018, or fom te lest of Ee: tnveal and Electrons Engineer, Service Cente, 45 Hoes Ene, Peataway, NF 088641331 ‘The numbers in brackets correspond to the references ten 12 of thane741-1965 IEEE STANDARD DESIGN THSTS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED 981 (5) 3 il, i Liha LL Le Lee a 3 MLL eee | 8 iF gtls ER] ri iti. | a) al az ai we te Laem 5/3 u a Vi ttt bee KL ele | ‘ANS C3742:1981 [1] Destrbuton Enclosed, ‘Open, and Open-Link Cutouts 4 i 6 ui HL wocben 15 4 3 3 sable caps for expendable cap cutouts X+ The ditbution ol eutout combines the unetons of current interrupting and aload-switching device and thus requires making a current testcra 1088 SINGLE.POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES rum 27 09, aur 91 wey £571 209 sowaip Janu 19 40 ou, dou He #971 10K 1 1 ee eee z eae ee z z 7 ee ee ee ee wna wumumng wee [we au, wopee S01 oo wos Soe somo x0 | Carma) suv me =u unde ‘pm oe oe woe ot a @ ory Bee nooas a ae we een 20° ageno4 rue Pree 3g) wee yon kan9o4 Anbar sono ‘oma n8 2 7 ° @ OF t Soman 5 (ssa, puw sya 389], Jo SiayoureTeG) (@upyupyavasing ydsoxg) soeng somog ~ syeay souvudstog Bupdaszoyn, zawen, (eee 3741-1058, 3. Common Test Practices 3.1 General Test Conditions. Test conditions prevailing at the test site shall conform to usual service conditions in accordance with 2.1 of ANSI/ IEEE €37.40-1981 (R 1987) [7], except that ‘temperature rise tests shall be conducted within the ambient temperature range of 10°C (50°F) to 40°C (104 °F), 3.2 Condition of Device to be Tested. The de vice shall be new and in good condition, and tests shall be applied before the device is put into ‘commercial service, unless otherwise specified, 3.8 Mounting of Specimen and Grounding 8.3.1 Mounting of Power Fuses. ‘The fuse equip- ‘ment shall be mounted on a structure in the nor mal service position or positions for which it is designed, and with the base grounded. 3.3.2 Mounting of Distribution Cutouts and Enclosed Air Switches. Distribution enclosed, ‘open and open-link cutouts and enclosed air switches, shall be mounted on a wood crossarm ‘which measures 8.9 em x 114 em (3% in x 4¥ in) in cross section and shall be mounted in the post tion normally used in service. Distribution oil cutouts shall be mounted on a rigid structure in the position normally used in 333 Grounding of Distribution Cutouts and Enclosed Air Switches. ‘The fuse mounting brack et or housing shall be grounded by a lead at tached to the housing or to the mounting bracket on the side of the crossarm opposite the fuse support 3.34 Lead Connections of Distribution Cut- outs. The source side lead shall be connected to the upper terminal ofthe cutout and the load side lead to the lower terminal when interrupting tests are being performed, 3.4 Frequency and Wave Shape of Test Voltage 3.4.1 Normal-Frequency Tests. The frequency for all normal-frequency tests shall be either 50 Hz or 60 He with limits of plus or minus 2 Ha, except as otherwise specified, A sine wave of acceptable ‘commercial standards shall be applied to the de vice. For definition of the wave shape see ANSI/ TEBE Std 4.1978 [8] 3.4.2 Impulse Tests. The wave shape and application of the 1.2/50 is full wave test voltage is described in ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 [8] and shall have the following limits for design tests, 10 BEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH.-VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED ‘The impulse test wave shall have a virtual front time equal to or less than 1.2 us, a crest voltage ‘equal to or exceeding the rated full wave impulse withstand voltage and a time to the 50% value of the crest voltage on the tail equal to or greater than 50 ps, NOTES: (1) For fuses designed and vested prior tothe time of Suance of chs ew requirement the impulse Yleage limit Wate shape 5/40 pThe manulatser has the option of ‘signing’ 12/60 us fling onthe bass of rior sign test. With a minus 20% cal aerance (ue o 0% a ret volage) For fuses designed and tested after the meuance of the new quirement, the impulse voltage iit wave shape 1.250 (2) In the event that laboratory imiaions are encos tered de tothe capacitance of the eet fuse, then the Max ‘mum rise achievable may be used its mutally acceptable to ‘he wer and the manufacturer. 4, Dielectric Tests 4.1 Test Practices. Dielectric test practices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as follows. 4.1.1 Electrical Connections 4.1.1.1 Distribution Enclosed, Open, and Open-Link Cutouts. Electrical connections shall be made by means of AWG No 6, or equivalent solid bare wire, inserted in each terminal. 4.1.1.1.1 Connector Dimensions. These bare wires shall project horizontally, at least 30.5 em (12 in) from the terminals, in a straight line approximately parallel to the face of the eross- arm or steel structure and in such a manner as not to decrease the withstand value. Any neces- sary bends may be made at the terminals. For enclosed cutouts (and air switches), the bare ‘wires shall be located approximately in the center of the entrance holes, 4.1.1,12 Terminalto-Ground Tests. The test lead connections shall be made to one of the ‘wires projecting from ther terminals and to all groundable metal parts, with the fuse holder, including the conducting element (fuse link) or ‘equivalent, or the blade in the elosed position 4.11.18 Terminalto-Terminal Tests. ‘The test lead connections shall be made to the wire projecting from the top terminal, with wire to the bottom terminal grounded and with the fuse holder or blade in the open position. The hanger shall not be grounded as specified in 33.3 4.1.1.2 Distribution Enclosed Alr Switches. Electrical connections shall be made by means of an AWG 2/0, or equivalent stranded bare wire, Inserted in each terminal The specifications in 4.1.1.1, 41.112, and 411.113 also apply to distribution enclosed air switches.SINGLE-POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES. 4.1.13 Distribution OU Cutouts. Electrical ‘connections shall be made by means of an AWG No 6, oF equivalent solid bare wire, connected to ‘each terminal, to the end ofthe full length of insu lated cables furnished with the cutout, or to the ‘ond of an insulated cable attached to the terminal in accordance with the manufacturer's instrue- tions. Entrance terminals requiring taping or com: pound filling shall be assembled and taped or filled in accordance with the manufacturer's in- structions. The connections projecting from the ‘cutout shall not approach the metal parts of the stout eloser than a projection of the center line of the entrance terminal. Insulated conductors ‘shall terminate 30.5 em or more (12 in) from any ‘grounded metal member of the terminal or of a ‘cable sheathing attached to the grounded metal ‘member in the normal assembly thereof 1.13.1 TerminaltoGround Tests. The test lead connections shall be made to one of the ‘wires projecting from the terminals and to all groundable metal parts, with the fuse carrier, including the conducting element (fuse link) ot ‘the blade in the closed position, 4.1.14 Power Fuses and Fuse Disconnect: ing Switches. Power fuse electrical connections shall be made by means ofa bare wire inserted in each terminal 4.1.1.4.1 Conductor Position. These con ductors shall project from the terminals of the fuse in substantially a straight line parallel to the fuse unit or fuse holder for an unsupported dis: tance of atleast the break distance of the fuse. 4.1.14.2 TerminaltoGround Tests. The test lead connections shall be made to one of the wires projecting from the terminals and to all, froundable metal parts, with the fuse unit or fuse holder, including the conducting element. (fuse link) or equivalent, or the switch blade in the closed position 4.1.14.3 Terminal-to-Terminal Tests (Test for Break Distances to Demonstrate Abil- ity to Withstand 10% Higher Voltage). The test lead connection shall be made to the wire project: ing from the upper terminal, with the wire con nected to the lower terminal grounded and with the fuse unit, fase holder, or switeh blade in one of the following positions: (2) For fuse disconnecting switehes, in the fully ‘open position (2) For dropout power fuses, with the fuse holder or fuse unit in the dropout position (8) For nondropout power fuses with the fuse holder or fuse unit removed from the sup- port n A power fuse or fuse disconnecting switch rated 72.5 KV and above shall be equipped with standard strength insulator units, and one or ‘more insulator units identical to those supporting the current-carrying parts, shall be added to each ‘of the insulator supports or columns (only for the test). ‘A power fuse or fuse disconnecting switch rated 483 KV or below shall be mounted with its based insulated from a grounded metal structure by means of insulator units identical to those assembled on the fuse. In the ease of a rear- connected indoor power fuse bus, support insula- tors of equivalent electrical characteristics shall bbe used to support the base (only for the test), NOTE: Successful complain ofthese tents doesnot nce Ay ensure that fase suppor o fase daconnecting teh ‘mhon open wl simapeDucover to ground instead ears 4.12 Temperature (See 3.1) 4.13 Measurement of Voltage. The voltage for dielectric tests shall be measured in accord lance with ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 [8] 4.2 Test Procedures. Dielectric tests shall be conducted a follows. 42.1 NormalFrequency Dry-Withstand Volt- age Tests 42.1.1 Test Voltage and Time. The test volt: ‘age specified for the device, with appropriate atmospheric corrections, shall be applied to the specimen for | min without Mashover or damage to the insulating materia 42.1.2 Voltage Aplication, Seventy-five per cent of the rated dry-withstand voltage may be applied in one step and gradually raised to the required value in not less than 5 s and not more than 20's. 42.1.8 Correction of Test Voltage to Stan- dard Conditions. The specified withstand volt age as given for standard atmospheric conditions shall be corrected for the existing atmospheric conditions at the time ofthe test. This correction shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEEStd 41978 (8) 2 Normal-Frequency Wet Withstand Volt- age Tests on Outdoor Devices 42.2.1 Test Voltage and Time. The test volt: age specified for the device, with appropriate atmospheric corrections, shall be applied to the specimen for 10s without fashover or damage to the insulating material 4.2.22 Precipitation, See 1.2.3 of ANSI/ IEE Sta 4.1978 [8].Gra. 1088 ‘The water shall be projected downward toward the front of the device and at an angle of 45° to the vertical and horizontal planes of the crossarm ‘so that ths spray strikes equally on the front and ‘on one side wall of the device. 42.2.3 Voltage Application. Seventy-five per- cent of the rated wet-withstand voltage may be applied in one step and gradually raised to the required value in not less than 5 s and not more than 30 s. 4.2.2.4 Correction of Test Voltage to Stan- dard Conditions. The specified wet-withstand voltage shall be corrected to standard air density in accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 [8] Corrections for relative humidity shall not be ‘made on wet-withstand tests. 4.23 Normal-Frequency Dew Withstand Volt- age Tests on Indoor Devices 42.3.1 Test Voltage and Time. The test volt- ‘age specified for the device, with appropriate atmospheric corrections, shall be applied to the ‘specimen for 10 s without flashover or damage to the insulating material. 4.23.2 Procedure. Thoroughly clean the in: ‘ulation of the device. Place the cleaned device in a cold chamber (refridgerator) having tempera- ture of -10 °C to -15 °C (14°F to 6 *F) until itis, ‘thoroughly cooled (may take 10 h to 12 h). Then mount the device, as specified in 33, in a test ‘chamber having a normal temperature of 22°C to 25°C (72°F to 77 °F) and a humidity of approxi ‘mately 100%. When the device is completely cov- ered with dew, immediately apply the test voltage as specified in 423.1 and 4233, 4.2.3. Voltage Application. Seventy-five percent of the rated dew-withstand voltage may >be applied in one step and gradually raised to the required value in not less than 5 § and not more than 30s. 4.2.3.4 Correction of the Test Voltage to ‘Standard Conditions. The specified dew-with stand voltage shall be corrected to standard air density in accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 [8]. Correction for relative humidity shall not be made in dew-withstand tests. 42.4 Impulse Withstand Voltage Tests ‘424.1 General. Withstand voltage tests are ‘made to determine that the test specimen is capa ble of withstanding a specified impulse voltage without disruptive discharge. 424.2 Procedure. Withstand voltage tests shall be made with an impulse of that polarity (usually the positive) that produces the lower withstand voltage on the test specimen. Three consecutive impulses shall be applied to the test IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR Hl 2 {VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED specimen. The crest voltage of each shall be not less than the specified withstand voltage properly corrected, 4.2.4.3 Correction of Test Voltage to Stan- dard Conditions. The specified impulse-with- stand voltage as given for standard atmospheric conditions shall be corrected for the existing ‘atmospheric conditions at the time of test. Such corrections shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std 4.1978 (8). ‘4.2.44 Interpretation of Tests. Ifa disrup- tive discharge does not occur during any of the ‘thrée consecutive impulses, the specimen shall be ‘considered as having met the test. Iftwo or three of the applied impulse waves cause disruptive discharge, the test specimen shall be considered as having failed the test. If only one of the three applied impulses causes disruptive discharge, three additonal impulses shall be applied. If dis- ruptive discharge does not occur on any of these three additional impulses, the specimen shall be considered to have met the test. 5. Expendable Cap Static Relief Pressure Tests 5.1 Test Practices. The test specimen shall be tested without a fuse link It shall be mounted and ‘a means provided for exerting a prescribed test pressure through the medium of a liquid, 52 Test Procedure. The test pressure shall be transmitted through the medium of a liquid and shall be exerted against the entire area of the pressure-responsive section, 6. Interrupting Tests 6.1 Test Practices. Interrupting test practices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as follows, 62 Test Samples. In making tests on renewable fuses use fuse links or refill units of the same manufacture as the fuses, fuse links, fuse holders ‘or fuse units or as recommended by the manu: facturer. 6.3 Characteristics of the Test Circuit. The interrupting tests shall be made on a single phase alternating-current circuit. The circuit elements ‘used to control the current and X/R ratio shall be in series with each other and the fuse, except where damping resistors are allowed. The testingSINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES x74. 1088 Table 3 ‘Use With Table 2: Interrupting Performance Tests — Power Fuses (Except Current-Limiting) ater TRY Parameters ofthe Test Gre Tesora 4 Tea Sis ated wai vos 5 : ‘eine wae | peak raaor “12° eat Pacar "I @ “ o Pn 35 1a Tas & & i is 3 ° i ie ri 2 it te is a ut is 8 is it ts “For rated maximum voltages above 98 HY, the TV parameters ofthe test cut arent specifed Appropriate values maybe ‘Ssected by mutual agreement between user and manufacture, [TRV peak in KV Ti power frequency recovery voltage in KV x sin (arctan XR) XR no es than 15 fr tet Series 1,2, 9,4 2b value from Tablet for test Series [NOTH Peak factor shoul! be determined based upon a symmetrical faut (symmetrical current: ies syne © peak factor "TRV envelope specified 1c shape, with tmeto-eest = TRV peak Time to peak = 2.x power frequency recovery voltage in KV sn (arctan X/R) x peak factor fin kite REY, volts microsecond Table 4 ‘The parameters ofthe test eiruits are specified ‘Minimum X/R Ratio for in Tables 5 through 13. Typical test circuits are ‘Test Series 5 for Power Fuses shown in Appendix D, FigDI, (a) and (b) Methods (Except Current Limiting) fof determining TRV parameters are shown in (Gee Table 2) ‘Appendix D. Overvoltage protective equipment ised on the test circuit shall be such that no ae eee sparkover occurs during the normal interrupting operation of the fuse. 7 64 Determination of Available Short-Circuit Fi Current of Test Cireuit. Short-cireuit the device oo properly connected in the test circuit with a con ie nection® having negible impedance and apply bo ing the power at the point of the voltage wave bo that produces maximim offset inthe first loop. 7 Where desirable, and where the cieuit wil be cleared within the first loop of available current, the power applied may be with reduced voltage. circuit frequency shall be rated frequency + 2Hz, Where this is done, the available current shall be 1f 60 Hz test facilities are not available, tests at 50 Hz + 2 Hz are acceptable for verifying 60 Hz ratings. A fuse lnk may be used as the short-circuit means, “S50 ets may produce wer peak k¢-throvgh currents, provided it sof wlfcient capacity so that melting doesnot tue may le through more Tot than 0 He tests Srourin the fire malo current loop 13(3741-1988 IBEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR IIGH.VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED ‘Table 5 Interrupting Performance Tests — Single-Voltage-Rated Distribution Cutouts (Except Oil Cutouts and Open Link Cutouts) (Parameters of Test Circuits and Tests) Te snes Parameters 7 2 3 a 3 ower agen mee hag ted Maximum Yage “5% Traian recovery wage setae @ Tea os caren — | ierraptiog | From 7080 | From 200 Frum 27 to Pomecive eae) iret’ | "Sotmwes’ | "S0Canc | rom 40 wo | "35'nme ae +5% Interrupting | Interrupting ‘500 A Fuse Link ie cova’ | Grete | Ot | renee Prom 13: 8 et (power ator) setae oom ‘ows Is Te. From Go 16 gr bap nha 2nd Test: From 85 to 105 Prom 85 ndor aking ange fea Fumo rem 8610105 | Random Tine ‘ane ee: Srd Test: Prom 130 to 150 2121/01/21) © Pose nk ating AY | AR | SR PARR |] aan | sta Nanter of ts sfsafefts fai 2 Nenbrofean nance | 2 | a | a |e 2 ri en Not Less than 05 owe eawngy | Feoer wot | Nondrpnat after interruption | fuses Perera NOTES: (1) The minimum fuse link rating BK for cutouts rate 50 A and 100 A and 140K for eutouts rate 200 A (2) The maximum fuse rating 50 Hor cutouts raed 0 A 100 foreutoue rat 10) A, and 200 Mor cutouts rated 200, (G) For cutouts rated 20 A, text Sens 4 need not be made (G) inte est involves a meting time appreciably higher than 2 the curest may be increase! o obtain melting time of soprotinatey 2 () After each test onl the parts normally eld replaceable shall be replaced These inchude the fuse link and expendable cap (if (6) For eutout with an interrupting rating of 28 KA or less, test Series 3 need not be made. (@) ‘he transient recovery voltage fr ths test eu shall be eeealy damped, Shunuing the load reactance with a resistance having a value equal to approximately 40 umes the value of te reactance Is usualy adequate to erally damp the clea However itis value doesnot result in eral damping the resistance can be reduced to achieve crtal damping For esting convenience, an eaclatory TRV may be acceptable with the agreement ofthe manufaccrer Critical amping @ abtained when fy, where Bin * fo = natural frequency of test circuit withowt damping Tn = power frequency [x = Feartance of the ecu st power frequency ‘equal to the measured current in the test circuit available asymmetrical value divided by the mul multiplied by the ratio of full normalfrequency _tiplying factor corresponding to the X/R used in recovery voltage to measured reduced normal the test circuit. (See Fig Cl of Appendix Cand the frequency recovery voltage. following note.) Calculate the rms total current, including the NOTE: Iftests are made a an X/Rati higher than specified irect-current component, in accordance with Inthe appropeat table, the avaiable asyrmetrial current curve Mof Fig AB of Appendix A in this standard, halts Cisl oor greater than the ried mmm Fupking cureent mutica by the appropriate multi, ‘The symmetrical current for the test shall be the far” 4eee SINGLE-POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES cara 1888 ‘Table 6 Use With Table 5: Interrupting Performance Tests — ‘Single-Voltage-Rated Distribution Cutouts xcept Oil Cutouts and Open Link Cutouts) Inherent TRY Parameters of the Test Creu Test Series 12,3 ‘Test Series 4 Maxime “10% vector *10% ae sactor “10% "eta Peak Factor “10% ‘ae Peak Factor “]* @ 52 1 3 6 18 rr a 158, 8 1B 2 16 2 13 is 16 a 13 10 18 one [TRY peak in KV TEx power frequency recovery voltage it Vx sn (arctan 7H) _X/R vale from Table 7 NOTE: Peak factor should be determined based upon a symmetrical faut (symmetrical current) 10% TRY envelope specited Is eos shape, with time to crest = SS a mt oa ss Bes in wie ‘RY peal RY, votis/ microsecond = EBS Time-to-peak = 2 Vx power frequency recovery voltage In kV sn arctan X/R) x peak factor» fin Kite Table 7 Minimum X/R Ratios for Distribution Cutout Interrupting Tests Rated Maximum Vohage Rated Minimum XA Ratio Imeeropting Single Voge Stant-orage | ‘Current “Test Seren Rated Cates ated Cutouts Symmetrical 13586 : o sr Arperes ‘ebles 5&8 Tables 5 8 52 7 1 1a = 1 is = i 150 7815 15 180 7815, iB m0 iat 20 zo Iyer 20 30 238 at ‘Minimum X/R Ratios for Distribution Oil Cutouts Rate ised Icerrupting Maximum, ‘Current Symmetscal ms Current wouage Syrametreat — a) sims Arperes ‘Above 200 A 200 A and Beow 26-52 1000-8000 ° 23 78 1000-4000 ° 25 180 Too 2500 0 23 180 2500-4000 2 2h NOTE: (1) X/R ratios shown ln the table apply t cutouts with rated maximum vokages within = 20% of te values shown. 6eee [EEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED 3741-1988 undue ano ‘out pourmgo dur rox) souniomnum ay Jo wou ag i agerd9oe 99 EU A moro aranon 7 paonpas oq io euro ata undue fem Ue Ye anf sh Honsnol enatD a dee As ox sum op Ansan ox ony one eSute| auason wi adurynas peo oul Hua duh Aone Sete wea peal Jom poy 096 “¥ ove pores simon 2} ong put 'y Oot pores ney» 20 ont Y 08 Hates HvoINS JO} Lm “Ypres winorn3 0) Nort BUY vt PAY OG ores sono 9 ye ‘90.ue bas srodoupion 30 wep ss 309 a soda oma WOES Wow mun summa] eye | nme | em | rage | Soeye | o o @ | Oo] @] ao |e | wo oer 03g a wae S01 01 $8 wou pg Sy, wopert ‘01 0998 toa MMe ong woag a ST ‘tong waay et s189p — oa argon| ov poms ape ure ate. 285 2 rg. 2 © anno ‘wou x fae ¥ 009 sindnasonay | audeasnst x aug semice | ovoorwos | pom ene | “pew x08 naan amvdasoney ove tuolg ermoe wos | otxazaimg | sopdeaoquy pate pe ars | cry i Boon Gavosar wea, 3 2085 930 a {Bas on vip os ano Kuan Jam i. ov Sse una po a dems cease te A we @ ° I € . 1 ‘srourereg, 5 | (ss01, pure symaui9 189, Jo siajourervg) sown woRMarNsI (aweysseoA s1dHIMW) pawy ao TMS — ssoy oMMUUOHaG BURNOUT 81am 6ERE SINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES ora 1088 Table 9 Use with Table 8: Interrupting Performance Tests — Slant-Voltage-Rated (Multiple Voltage Rated) Distribution Cutouts Inher TV ParemetiheGreae : Tein 8.8 Tend waitin a age Vota tats "oe 0 : |e _o cigs sis aa [omens | Perec NE pat racor 12° tas | ae | ag 3 ie ea 3 : Wate res 8 i ut (TRV parameters shown inthe table apply to cutouts with rated maximum voltages within + 20% ofthe values shown, [TRY peak in KY ‘JE x power frequency recovery voltage in KV % sn (arctan X72) (2) pea tacor 2s value from Table 7 NOTE: Peak factor shoud be determined based upon a symmetrical faut (symmetrical current) “TRY envelope specie i -cos shape, with time erst = “TRY pea RAV; volts mirosecond Time to peak = 2 VF power frequency recovery voltage in KV sin (arctan X/R) x peak factor x fs Ke 65 Tests on the Device. The device shall be Series 4: Verification of the operation with tested in the circuit described in 6.4 with the neg- available currents ranging from 0.20 to 0.30 times. lige impedance connection removed, Power rated interrupting current at rated maximum shall be applied at the point on the voltage wave voltage to produce the conditions specified in the ap- _Series 5: Verification of the operation with propriate Table 2,5,8, or 10 covering the particu- available currents in the 400 A to 500 A range at lar device being tested. rated maximum voltage Series 6: Verification of the operation with 6.6 Description of Interrupting Performance __stnalloverload currents at rated maximum voltage Tests 6.6.2 Distribution Cutouts (Except Oil Cut- 6.6.1 Power Fuses (Except Current-Limiting). outs and Open Link Cutouts) ‘Tests shall be made in accordance with Table 2 '6.6.2.1 Cutouts with Single Voltage Rating. ‘and shall consist of six series of tests, The six Tests shall be made at rated maximum voltage in series are: accordance with Table 5 and shall consist of 5 ‘Series I: Verification of the operation with series of tests. The five series that are conducted available currents equal to the rated interrupting at rated maximum voltage are: current at 0,87 times rated maximum voltage ‘Series I: Verification of the operation with "Series 2: Verification of the operation with available currents equal to the rated interrupting available currents ranging from 0.87 to 091 times current jated interrupting current at rated maximum Series 2: Verification of the operation with voltage available currents ranging from 0.70 to 0:80 times ‘Series 3; Verification of the operation with the rated interrupting current available currents ranging from 0.60 00.70 times __‘Series 3: Verification of the operation with fated interrupting current at rated maximum available currents ranging from 0.20 to 0.30 times voltage the rated interrupting current 7eee 741-1988 IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH. VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED ‘Table 10 Interrupting Performance Tests — Current-Limiting Power and Distribution Fuses (Parameters of Test Circuits and Tests) Test Snes Parameters De of Fue 1 2 306 Brot Rated | Raed Maximum | Masini Power "etage ‘oe Power fequeny ecvery eae 7 Rave Manama Vonage Disrbation Not Required ‘Transient recor volage — see Table 11 7 Distribution : Prospective (avatabe) current — | Power AIR |asrin ‘Be re symmetrical . . i Distibuton | 4 18% | Noe Required | jae im ow es han 1 oer actor Not More than 6.79 UR rato (power ator) c ” ae ZR Not Les han 10, ae (ower Factor Not Mare ae 105) Making ale afer votage oi = a sero dees Nuc pte inwantaneous current at sro eee ‘nation of arcing Both Not Applicable emi 0 Intiation of arcing ater For One Te From 4010062) | olags sro degrees Boek Fortwo Tests Prom 5 to | NOt Applicable] Nor Appbeable Poe Not ets than Dropot Tie o 1, Whichever i Greer Both Sersmantae, | Rendon Not Lee than 1 min) (6) | Not Les than 10min (8) Power 3 Number of tests a 3 2 Diibaton | _3 o a NOTES: (1) Tests ned not be made i tests atthe f, level are made a 100% maximum rated (2) Since the operating condition can produce wide variety of streses on te fuse and ae the interupting test rented in principle to produce the mest severe conditions main as regards the are energy and the thermal and mechanical stresses fr this qatbe of arent recognized that these condtions wil be practical ouaned a Teas nce, when mang the thee Css {) Should imitations ofthe vest station so dletat, then subsequent to circuit interruption and within a period of no mote than 18 after interruption, the voltage may’ be interrpeed for an interval ne longer that 1 This interval ay be woe to fle siatehing to an auxiay power suply of adequate KVA capacty from which the speed test vlage can be maintained forthe Femainder of the specified interval (4) See 6051 for alternate tt (G) lr Serle 2 tne are not made, duration shall be no ess than 10 in, (6) Series 3 tests are made witha current value corresponding to the ated point of the time-curent characteris, wih a tolerance of ard -10%and lading to melting in not es tha | our for general purpose fuses When tering station limigatons prevent the maintenance of constant current, the tolerance onthe current can be exceeded i aher direction during hat mare than 20% of the total sin tne (@) The transient recovery voltage fr ths vest ceult shall be etcally darnped. Shuntng the load reactance witha resistance having a value equal to approauately 40 umes the value ofthe reactance usu adequate to entiely damp the cut Fomever, i this vale dows not result etal damping, the resistance canbe reduced to achieve erie! Camping Por tesing omventence, an osellatory TRY may be accepeble with the agreement ofthe manufacturer Cetical damping obtained when. fy wwe Bim ~ go = natura treauency of tet crc without damping Jn pomer freaverey 1k = feactance of the ecu at power frequency Re 18eRe SINGLE-POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES costa 1988 ‘Table 11 ‘Use With Table 10: Interrupting Performance Tests — Current-Limiting Power and Distribution Fuses Inherent TRY Parameters of the Test Creu “eat Series 1 ‘Test Sores 2 Rated Maximum an 10% = Volase “oy sto £188 per a a Peak actor “10% @ ‘al ox ® a8 85 4 aa 6 55 60 4 at 15 85 a7 14 23 ts 1B a2 14 8 tb 28 2 i“ 3 5 a 1 4 1 i peak net = [TRY peak in kV ‘Ti power frequency recovery voltage in KV sin arctan X78) {1/6 not es than 15 for power fuses 1 not es than 10 for dstbution foses [NOTE: Peak factor shouldbe determined based pon a symsnetrical fault (symmetrical curren 10 envelope specie is cos shape, with time terest = 20 "TRV envelope specified I-cs shape, with at “TRV peak RR; wots mierasecond Time to peak = 2 Ex power frequency recovery voltage in KV sin (arctan XR) peu factor» fin RHE ‘Table 12 Size and Length of Bare Conductors for Specified Tests Rated Continuous Curent of Cutout ‘Sae and Lenath of Swit, or Fuse Suppor Ampere) Bare Copper Leads Distbuton Enclosed, ‘Open, end Openink ——Dstrbution Catoutswhen Tested se "OW Fuse Disttbution or nelosed Minimum Length Pose Disconnecting Disconnecting Air Power Catone Cutout Cutowt Switches Fase Ste of Leads om 0 = . Upto No 6AWG Soud az) = = = wo) No.2 AWG Stranded 0) 0 = = ito No. LAWG Stranded & UB) * = = ONO MOAWG Stranded 48 (22) = 100 = = NA TOAWG Stranded 48122) 200 . 200, 20 200 No. s/0 AWG Stranded 48 (1.22) 0 500, 500 00 ‘0k Cm" a U2) = = = 400 00 $00 Cm a az) = = = ro 7 on KC mi a2 “Thousand crcolar mi 19eee (3741-1968 ‘Table 13, Interrupting Test Requirements for Homogeneous Series of Fuse Units ‘Fuse Unis to be Tested "Shows te sts to be performed) Grameen 9) «X«K@ ba2 cgay sy (ast ia ‘SPECIMEN ‘est ‘SPECIMEN @) eee cara 1088 ‘open switch) when breaking inductive loads shall not exceed the following: Test Maximum Voltage Capacitance Gv) GP) 26 0.003 52 0.066 78 10 150 020 180 020 270 035 380 040 NOTE: These values apply only to device designed for use on Cistbution erie, 7.1.5 Measurement and Calculation of Cur- rent and Recovery Voltage. The current inter- rupted should be the rms symmetrical current measured from the envelope of the wave at the start of arcing. The rms alternating current and recovery voltage shall be calculated from oscillo- grams in accordance with Appendix A 72 Test Procedure. Load break tests shall be conducted as follows. One or more devices with means for interrupting load currents or one or ‘more load break mechanisms property assembled on devices of the rating and type recommended by the manufacturer shall be opened manually, oF automatically at an equivalent speed, when carry- ing the specified load current. This test shall be: (() For distribution enclosed open and open link cutouts the tests shall be repeated five times with an interval between tests of not less than 3 min, ‘There shall be no failure to interrupt the circuit for any one condition of test, fuse link rating, and mounting position. Tests shall be made under a sufficient number of conditions to ensure meeting the requirements specified for the device or mech- anism undergoing test. (2) Distribution oil cutouts; tests shall be as specified in 4.3 of ANSI C37.4-1081 (R 1987) 2) (2) Fes, ules incorporating lo reaking means, have no load-break rating NOTE: Disconnecting fon may have some inherent load ‘rok aby, which ean bet be evaluated by the oer, Based ‘neperience under operating conan 7.8 Condition of Device After Test. At the con: clusion of any series of five load break operations for distribution enclosed, open, or open-link cut outs, or the duty cycle for distribution oil cutouts, the device and the load-break mechanism, afterrenewing the fuse link if destroyed in the normal load-break operation, shall be: (2) In substantially the same condition as at the beginning of the test, except for the erosion of the bore of the fuse holder ‘employing a fuse link or a fuse carrier in an oil cutout. Capable of carrying rated current continu- ously at the rated maximum voltage: (@) If there is evidence of contact deterio- ration a temperature-rse vest shall be ‘made on the fuse at rated current with the maximum size of fuse link or refill ‘unit for che time it takes the tempera ture to stabilize. (b) If there is visible evidence of insulator contamination from the fuse operation anormal frequency dry-withstand test shall be made at 75% of the rated value. @ 8 Making Current Tests (Oil Fuse Cutouts) 8.1 Test Practices. Making current test practices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as follows: 8.1.1 Test Samples. In making the test, use a fuse link of the maximum rating for the cutout and of the type recommended by the manufac: turer, The test shall be made on one sample. 8.1.2 X/RRatio of Test Cireuit. The X/R ratio of the test cireuit on which the test is made shall not be less than the values specified in Table 7. ‘8.13 Normal-Frequency Voltage. The normal frequency voltage across the terminals of the device prior to closing the circuit shall be the rated maximum voltage of the device. 8.2 Test Procedure. Making current tests shall bbe conducted as follows: 82.1 Determination of Available Short Cireuit Current of the Test Cireuit. The avail- able short-circuit current of the test circuit shall be determined by short-cireuiting the device with connection” having negligible impedance and applying the power at the point of the voltage wave that produces maximum offset in the first loop (obtained by timed initiation® or sufficient number of tests at random). Th fase ink may be wsed as the shor-cicuting means provided sof suficient capacity so that melting dows not fceur in che fst major current loop. "Maximom offset i the fist Lop shal be considered obtained naire wth OX to 20% short leat power actor {Fhe ead 0 to 20" ater volage 2. 26 IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGHVOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED ‘The rms total current, including the direct current component, shall be calculated in accord- ance with Curve M of Fig AS of Appendix A. 8.2.2 Tests on the Device. The making cur ‘rent shall be determined by the available short circuit current of the test circuit in which the ‘cutout is tested. The cutout shall be tested in the circuit deseribed in 82.1 with the negligible imped- ance connection removed. It shall perform suc cessfully under otherwise identical conditions to that deseribed in 8.2.1, when the circuit is closed by quickly moving the cutout contacts from the ‘open to the elosed position. ‘8.2.3 Number of Tests. The test shall consist, ‘of one quick closing operation 8.24 Condition of Device after Test. After completion of the test the contacts may require inspection and possibly repair. 9, Radio-Influence Tests 9.1 Test Practices. Radio-influence test prac tices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as follows. 9.1.1 Proximity of other Objects. No other grounded or ungrounded object or structure (except mounting structure when required) shall be nearer any part of the device or its terminals undergoing test than three times the longest over all dimension of the test piece, with a minimum. allowable spacing of 3 ft. Where space limitations under test conditions do not permit the above clearance to be maintained, the test will be con- sidered satisfactory ifthe limits of radio-influence voltage obtained are equal to or less than those specified for the device. In such cases it is desir able that a record be made of the abject, struc tures, ete, and their distances from the device ‘under test, These data may be useful for future use in determining the proximity effect, 9.1.2 OilImmersed Apparatus. The tanks of oll:immersed apparatus shall be filled with the prescribed amount of oil 9.13 Electrical Connections. Conductors of the largest size intended for use with the test piece may be connected to each terminal. The length of the conductors, when used, shall be ‘equal to or greater than the longest overall dimen: sion of the test piece and arranged as specified in 4.1.1, except that the length need not exceed 1.83 m (6 ft), The free end of any such conduetor shall terminate in a sphere having a diameter twice the diameter of the conductor + 10%, or ‘shall be shielded in some other suitable manner toSINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES eliminate the effect ofthe end of the conductor as a source of radio-influence voltage. 9.14 Frequency. Variations from the 60 Hz frequency shall not exceed + 5% 9.1.5 Ambient Radio Noise. Tests may be ‘made under the conditions prevailing at the time and place of test. However, it is recommended that tests be avoided when the radio-influence voltage of the test equipment (including the influ ence voltage of irrelevant electrical devices with the device under test disconnected from the test equipment) exceeds 25% of the radio-influence voltage of the device to be tested. 9.1.6 Atmospheric Conditions. ‘Tests shall be conducted under atmospheric conditions prevail- ing at the time and place of test, but it is recom: mended that tests be avoided when the vapor pressure of moisture in the atmosphere is below 02 or exceeds 0.6 of an inch of mereury. Since the effects of humidity and air density upon radio: influence voltage are not definitely known, cor rection factors are not recommended for either at the present time. However, itis recommended the barometric pressure and dry and wet bulb ther- mometer readings be recorded so that, if suitable correction factors should be determined, they can be applied to previous measurements. 92 Test Equipment and Procedure. The meter used in making radio-influence measurements shall be in accordance with ANSI 063.2-1987 [6]. 92.1 Instrument and Measurements. Radio. nolse meters shall meet the requirements of ANSI (©63.2-1987 [6]. When making measurement on radio-influence voltage impulses with repetition rates so low that meter fluctuation makes reading of either the minimum or maximum pointer de- flection doubtful, the slow-speed indicating out. put meter listed 'in 16:2 of ANSI 632-1987 [6] shall be used. The highest pointer deflection of the meter during a 15 s interval of observation shall be recorded as the radio-influence voltage so that differences between various operators in record- ‘ed results for noise sources with low repetition rates may be minimized. 9.2.2 RadioNoise Meter Calibration. Calibra tions and adjustments shall be made as specified in the instruction manual for the radio-noise meter. 9.28 Detector Function Selection. The detec: tor function selector switch shall be set to the ‘quasi-peak position on the radio-noise meter. 9.24 Monitoring. When it is desired to iden- tify the character of the radio-influence voltage, measurements should be monitored using either ar exe cara 1088 a headset, loud-speaker, or oscilloscope. Precau- tions should be taken to determine whether or not these devices affect the radio-noise meter Indications during measurements. 9.2.5 Procedure. Tests at 1 MHz shall be made ‘on the device with the fuse unit or fuse holder including the conducting element (fuse link) or switchblade in the closed and open positions. ‘When a test is made with the deviee in the open position, the pole or group of poles not connected to the influence measuring equipment shall be Brounded and ungrounded, and the radio- Influence voltage determined for each condition. 92.6 Test on Multiple Devices. In the case of ‘multiple devices, one pole or terminal or groups of the same may be tested at a time, 9.2.7 Test on Assembled Apparatus. In the case of assembled apparatus, the test shall be made without removing any component part, and the test voltage shall be based on the lowest rated. voltage of any component part. The limiting radio Influence voltage shall be identical with the high- est value specified for any of the component parts that determine the test voltage. 9.2.8 Precautions. The following precautions shall be observed when making radio-influence tests: (1) The device shall be at approximately the ‘same temperature as the room in which the test is made. It shall be dry and clean and shall not have been subjected to dielectric tests within 2 h prior to the radio-influence voltage test. (2) Insome cases it may be found that the radio- influence voltage falls off rapidly after the rated-frequency voltage has been applied {or a short time. In such cases itis permis- sible to re-excite the test piece at normal ‘operating voltage for a period not to exceed 5 min before preceeding with the tests 9.8 Interpretation of Test. The radio-influence voltage measured in the testis the total ionization voltage at the terminals ofthe device. Since this is, conducted radio-influence voltage, the permissible ‘maximum values specified for the device in the appropriate standard will add a negligible amount to the radio-influence radiated from an otherwise normal line to which the device is connected even at short distances from the device. 10. Short-Time Current Tests 10.1 Test Practices. Short-time current test prac- tices shall be as specified in Section 3, except:eee C1088 (2) Only one position for mounting distribu: ton cutouts and enclosed air switches is necessary. (2) Grounding of the hanger of distribution enclosed or open cutouts and enclosed air switches is not necessary. 10.1.1 Electrical Connections. The device shall have a bare conductor connected to each terminal of the size and length specified in Table 12 10.2 Test Procedures. Devices shall be subject ‘ed to the specified currents for the stated times. ‘The momentary rating may be proven in conjune- tion with either the 15-cycle rating, or the 3's rating, or separate tests may be made to prove the individual ratings. 10.2.1 Determination of Momentary Current. ‘The value of mementary current shall be the rms value, including the direct-current component if present, during the maximum cycle of current. ‘The current shall be maintained for an adequate period of time to obtain an accurate measurment, For the method of determining the magnitude of current, see Appendix A. 10.2.2 Determination of 15-Cycle Current. ‘The value of current shall be the rms symmetrical current as shown by oscillographic records of the test, as measured at the end of the test period. For the method of determining the magnitude of ccurrent, see Appendix A. 10.2.3 Determination of 3Second Current. ‘The value of current may be determined by mea surement of the steady-state current with an ammeter where the circuit characteristics are such that there is no decay in current value after ‘the initial transient. ‘Where the current in the circult continues to decay after the initial transient, measurement shall be made by means of an oscillograph. The device shall be considered to have been properly tested if the integrated heating equivalent of the 3 5 rating has been obtained, ‘Tests may be conducted at reduced current if the integrated heating equivalent of thes rating is obtained in a period not exceeding 8 s. 10.2.4 Condition After Test. There shall be no visible damage to the device after the tests have been completed. However, the tests may result in some visual evidence of the device having passed current, such as slight contact markings. When this occurs, ratings shall be considered met when the device will withstand repeated mechanical ‘operations without cumulative damage and is ‘capable of carrying its rated continuous current TERE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGHVOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED without exceeding the temperature limits speci: fed for the device being tested. 11. Temperature Rise Tests 11.1 Test Practices. Temperature-rise test prac- tices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as fol- lows, except that grounding of the hanger of the dis-tribution cutouts or distribution enclosed air switches, as specified in 33.3, is not necessary. 11.1.1 Test Conditions. The device shall be ‘mounted in a clased room substantially free from. air currents other than those generated by heat from the device being tested. 11.1.2 Electrical Connections. The device shall have a bare conduetor connected to each terminal, of the size and minimum length speci: fied for the device being tested, as given in Table 12, The connection shall be made to the ends of these conductors. 11.1.3 Test Samples. The fuse links, fuse units, or blades shall be of the same manufacture as the device being tested or of a type recommended by the manufacturer for use in the device. 11.2 Test Procedure. Temperature-rise tests shall be conducted as follows. 11.2.1 Duration of Temperature-Rise Test. ‘The test current shall be applied continuously, until three consecutive temperature readings taken at Yeh intervals show a maximum variation ‘of 1°C in the temperature rise. 11.222 Value of Ambient Temperature During ‘Test 1.22.1 The ambient temperature shall be taken as that of the surrounding air, which should be not less than 10°C and not more than 40°C. 11.2.2.2 Corrections shall not be applied to any ambient temperature within this range 1.2.23 For distribution oll cutouts when used in enclosures, see 4.7 of ANSI C37.44-1981 (R 1987) [2]. 11.2.3 Method of Temperature Determina- tion. The temperature of a device shall be de termined by thermocouples or mercury or alcohol thermometers or resistance thermometers. Any of these instruments shall be applied to the hot test parts of the device, excepting the conducting clement of a fuse while maintaining all parts in normal operating condition. 11.24 Determination of Ambient Tempera- ‘ture 11.2.4.1 Placement of Thermocouple (or ‘Thermometers). The ambient temperature shallSINGLE POLE AIR SWITCIIBS, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES bbe determined by taking the average of the read- ings of three thermocouples (or thermometers) placed as follows: (2) One 305 em (12 in) above the device. (2) One 30.5 em (12 in) below the device (12 in above the floor and 12 in to the side of the floor-mounted apparatus), (8) One midway between the above two posi- tions and 30.5 em (12 in) from the side of the device NOTE: For small device, suchas distribution cutouts oF aie ‘witches one thermocouple (or thermometer) a location (3) Ersticlene 11.242 Use of Oi Cups.? In order to avoid errors due to the time lag between the tempera tre of large devices or apparatus and the varia- tion in the ambient temperature, all reasonable precautions must be taken to reduce these varia tions and the errors arising therefrom. Thus, When the ambient temperature is subject to such variations that error in the temperature rise might result, the thermocouples (or thermome- ters) for determining the ambient temperature should be immersed in a suitable liquid such as oil, in suitably heavy metal cups, or should be at tached to suitable masses of metal, 11.2.5 Covering of Thermometer Bulbs. If thermometers are used for taking temperatures, the bulbs of thermometers shall be covered by felt pads cemented to the apparatus, or by oll putty, or by cotton waste. Dimensions of felt pads for use with large apparatus shall be 40 mm + 50 mm. *3 mm thick (14 2 in = % in thick). The use of ‘smaller pads is permissible on small devices. 12, Time-Current Tests 12.1 Test Practices. Time-current test practices shall be as specified in Section 3 and as follows, except: (2) Only one position for mounting distribu- tion cutouts is necessary. "A convenient form for such an oi cup consists ofa metal cotinder with sole died party through Thole fled with ol and the thermocouple (or thermometer with ts bul) E placed therein sot is well inmersed. The reponse of the thermocouple (or thermometer) to various rates fee tore change vl depend largely upon the sand of material land mass of the containing cup and may be further eg Dyadlusting the amount of im the cup. Thelarger the appa its under test the larger should he the metal eynder ‘mployed as an ol cup in the determination ofthe ambient {emperatue, The smallest sue ofthe ol eup emplayed in any {ase shall consist of a metal cinder wth 26 mm (Is) dt ‘tar and 60 man (2 in) eh 29 exe cara ie (2) Grounding of the hanger of distribution enclosed, open- and open-link cutouts is, not necessary. 12.1.1 Test Samples. The fuse links or fuse units shall be tested in the fuse cutout or fuse support with which they are designed to be used, The fuse cutout or support shall be of the same manufacture as the fuse links or fuse units, 12.1.2 Electrical Connections. The size and length of leads connected to the terminals of the fuse cutout or fuse support shall be the same as that specified for temperature-rise tests in Table 12. 12.1.8 Time Range of Time-Current Tests. ‘Tests shall be made in the time range of: (1) 0.01 to 300 s for power fuses and K and T distribution links rated 100 A and below (2) 0.01 to 600 s for power fuses and K and T distribution links rated above 100 A (8) 0.01 to 1000 s for general-purpose distribu: tion current-limiting fuses (4) 0001 to 100 s for back-up fuses 12.1.4 Temperature of Fuse at Start of Test. ‘Tests shall be initiated with the fuse at an ambi- ent temperature of 20 °C to 30°C and without an initial load passing through the current-responsive ‘element. 12.2 Test Procedures. Time-current tests shall be conducted as follows: 12.2.1 Melting Time-Current Tests. Melting time-current tests shall be made at any voltage up to maximum voltage of the unit being tested, with the test circuit so arranged that current through the fuse is held to essentially a constant value, For low-voltage tests, when testing fuses having parallel elements that melt progressively, such as a fusible element and a strain wire, the test circult ‘shall have sufficient resistance to prevent a mate- rial change in the current that eannot be quickly corrected when the fusible element melts. 12.2.2 Total Clearing Time-Current Tests. ‘Total clearing time-current tests shall be made at the rated maximum voltage under the circuit test conditions specified for interrupting tests in 6, 12.2.3 Measurement of Current During Time- Current Tests. The measurement of current through the fuse during a time-current test shall bbe made as follows: (1) A current existing for 5 s or more may be ‘measured with a standard indicating am- meter, NOTE: A standard ammeter equlpped with an adjustable stop to race the movement o te needle daring tet wl improveeee 3741-1988 (2) Acurrent of less than 5 s duration shall be ‘measured with an oscillograph, or other suitable instrument, and the current wave Including the de component of current and the ac decrement shall be corrected to steady-state conditions for plotting both melting and total clearing time curves. (See Appendix B for method of correction.) 12.2.4 Measurement of Time During Time- Current Tests. The measurement of the time shall be made as follows: (2) A time longer than 10s may be measured with a stop watch, electric clock, or timer. (2) A time longer than 1 s may be measured with a synchronous timer. (8) Atime shorter than 1 s shall be measured with an oscillograph or suitable instru: ‘ment. 12.3 Presentation of Data 123.1 Standard Time-Current Curves. The re sults of time-current tests shall be presented as time-current curves on log-log paper." The curves shall show: (1) The relation between the time in seconds and the rms symmetrical amperes required either to melt and sever the conducting ele ment or to interrupt the cireuit. (2) The basis of time on which the curves are plotted, that is, only the melting time re- quired to melt and sever the conducting element or the total clearing time, which combines both melting and arcing time. ‘The voltage at which the tests are made ‘when plotted on the basis of total clearing time. ‘The type and rating of distribution or power fuses for which curve data apply. ‘The time range for the fuses as indicated in 12.13, (1) through (4). 12.3.1.1 Melting Time-Current Curves Melting time-current curves forall fuse links, fuse units, or refll units shall be plotted to minimum. values on the current axis, which shall be deter- mined by subtracting the manufacturer's allow- able minus variation from his average test values as determined by the test specified in this section. 123.1.2 Total Clearing Time-Current Curves. ‘The total clear-time-current curves for all fuse links, fuse units, or refill units shall: (2) Be plotted to maximum values (using the current during the melting part of the total @ «@ © "Deut and ser No 48-5268 or equivalent [BEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH.VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED period), which shall include the minimum ‘melting time, plus the tolerance. (2) Add the maximum arcing time as deter ‘mined by the test specified in this section. ‘When areing time factors are used in place of tests at rated voltage, show the method used in arriving at total clearing time, 12.3.1.3 Color of Time-Current Curves. The melting time-current curves shall be black and the total clearing time-current curves shall be dark red. 18, Mechanical Design Tests for Distribution Cutouts 13.1 Mechanical Operation Tests for Distribu tion Open Fuse Cutouts Under New, Clean Con- ditions. Three cutouts shall be closed and open 200 times or more. The cutouts shall be mounted ‘and operated per the manufacturers specifica tions. At the conclusion of this test, the cutouts shall be in operable condition with no cracks in the insulator(s) or loose hardware. 13.2 Thermal Cycle Tests for Distribution Open Fuse Cutouts 18.2.1 General. The thermal cycle test shall consist of consecutive water immersion, cold ‘chamber, and hot chamber cycling of the test specimens. Separate cold and hot chambers may bbe used requiring movement of the test specimen. 13.2.2 Number of Specimens. Five cutouts in new condition shall be tested. Open cutout fuse holders and disconnecting blades may be omitted from the test specimen during this test for the convenience of testing. 13.28 Testing Arrangement. The specimens shall be mounted during the entire test in the manufacturers’ specified service position(s) that would most likely permit water to enter any open- ings in the specimen. The position of the specimen shall not change during transfer from the water or between chambers 13.24 Method of Testing. Each specimen shall receive 10 thermal cycles. Each eycle shall consist of the following: (Z) The specimen shall be immersed in water for a minimum of 1 hour. Water tempera: ‘ture shall be from 5°C to 35°C. The depth ‘of immersion shall provide a minimum. water level of 1.5 cm (0.59 in) above any porcelain cavity, filled or open, or any hard:SINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES ces7a1-1988, @ @) The specimen shall be removed from the water. The temperature of the air sur. rounding the specimen shall be lowered from ambient room temperature to 40°C. at a rate not exceeding 2°C per minute in not more than 2 hours. Temperature of =40 °C to -60 °C shall be maintained for a minimum of 2 hours. ‘The temperature ofthe air surrounding the specimen shall be raised from ~40 °C to +60 °C at a rate not to exceed 2 °C per minute. A temperature of +60°C to +70°C. shall be maintained for a minimum of 2 hours. The specimen shall be permitted. to return to room ambient temperature 31 Defore reimmersing it in water for subse: quent test cycles, 13.2.5 Condition After Testing. There shall be no cracks in the porcelain or loose hardware. A visual check for cracks may be used, 13.8 Torque Test. Torque tests shall be con- ducted. Five cutouts in new condition shall be tested on those designs that utilize threaded fas teners to attach the hardware to the insulator. A torque of 125% of the nominal values specified by the manufacturer shall be applied to these bolts ‘or nuts. No insulator breakage or thread failures shall oceur.ear Appendixes!" (hese Appendixes are not a part of IBEE C3741-1088, IEEE Standard Design Tests for High-Voltage Fuses, istration Enclsed Single Pole Air Switehes, Fuse Déconnecting Swches, and Accessories, ut are ncuded for Information onl) ‘Appendix A. Recommended Methods for Determining the Value of a ‘Sinusoidal Current Wave and a Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage Al. Current Waves AL Classification of Current Waves. The deter- ‘ination of the current interrupted by a cicuit- interrupting device involves the measurement of the rms or effective values of sinusoidal waves ‘These waves may be divided into two groups, those which are symmetrical about the zero axis, and those which are asymmetrical with respect to the zero axis, AL2 Symmetrical Sinusoidal Wave. The sym metrical sinusoidal wave has an rms value equal to the peak-to-peak value divided by 2.828. To determine the rms value at a given instant, draw the envelope of the current wave, determine from it the peak-to-peak value at the given instant, and divide by 2828. See Fig Al for example. ALS Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave. The asym. metrical sinusoidal wave can be considered to be composed of two components, an alternating ‘component and a direct component. AL3.1 Measurement of the RMS Value. The ‘measurement of the rms value is simplified by this conception of an asymmetrical wave, since the rms value of the wave is a function of these two ‘components. A132 Alternating Component. The alternat- {ng component has a peak-to-peak value equal to the distance between the envelopes and has an axis midway between the envelopes. A133 Direct Component. The direct compo- nent has an amplitude equal to the displacement of the axis of the alternating component. See Fig ‘A2 for example, TAppendines A and C were compiled with modifications fom ANSE CO7.06-1064 (R176 Aimerean National Standard Methods for Determining the Values of Sinusoidal Current Wave and a Normal-Frequency Rerowery Voltage for AC High Voltage Crest Breakers and ANSUIEEE C3710, Ameri ‘an National Standard Guide or Cacaation of Fae Coerens fo Application of AC High Voltage Cireu Breakers Rated on 1 Total Corrent Bans Both standards have since been wit drawn ‘The direct use of this formula involves a consid- erable amount of calculation to determine the ‘components and to combine them, but it may be used to develop tables, charts, and scales by which the effective values are easily and quickly obtained. Fig At enveLope AMS VALUE~ ZERO LINE AND ie for which measurement was made paktp pak value of sternaing component = Gree component wma Value of)? anernating Curent Diest component = i 33ere, Cara t088 A134 Chart for Determining RMS Value. A ‘chart that gives the rms value of the asymmetrical ‘wave in terms of the peak-to-peak and maximum, values is shown in Fig A3. These two values are read on an oscillogram. The point, whose abscissa, is the maximum value of the wave and whose ordinate is the peak-to-peak value, indicates the rms value of the asymmetrical wave. This value is ‘multiplied by the scale of the oscillogram. AL3.5 Seale for Determining RMS Value. A ‘transparent scale that can be laid over an asym- ‘metrical sine wave and used for reading the rms value directly is shown in Fig A4. The scale is placed over the wave with the line X-X" parallel IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED to the zero line and with the upper and lower edges of the scale passing through the points on the envelopes of the sinusoidal wave correspond. ing to the instant at which the rms value is to be ‘obtained. The point on the zero line of the wave, corresponding to the instant at which the rms value is to be obtained, then indicates the rms value on the scale, The seale in Fig Ad is full size and is read in inches. The rms value is multiplied by the scale of the oscillogram. ‘AL.3.6 RMS Values for Currents of Less than One Cycle Duration. The current to be measured ‘may flow for less than 1 cycle and make it impos- sible to determine the envelope of the current Fig A3 (Chart for Determining the RMS Value of an Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 14 1219 14 18 16:17:18 20 Ss 28 25 as 24 as i 23 ah 2s 22 } 22 eal 2 Wn: 20 oy 20 c 19 19 18 18 fi6 16 g15 1 4 14 1 13 u os 10 os 08 oa oy os 0 os on 08 ° '03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 1112007 02 03 04 05 08 VALUE ATOR ouSINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES. ein aaa 2.665 in cara 1988 READ VALUE AT NOTE: Canter line X-X' of scale parale to ro ai of wave. ¥-¥ instant for Fig At [A Scale for Measuring the RMS Value of an Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Wave ‘wave by inspection of the oseillogram. Such cur- rents can occur with fuses, breakers operating on low-frequency circuits, breakers that have started to open before the fault develops, or breakers pre tripped on test. The rms vahie of the displaced sine wave integrated over a complete cycle may be determined from the amplitude of the single loop, its duration, and curve M of Fig AB. In some cases, the rms value of the current for the fraction of a ‘eycle for which the current actually flowed may be desired. It may be determined from the ampli tude of the single loop, its duration, and curve N of Fig AS, 35 A2. Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage A241 Determination of Normal-Frequency Re- ‘covery Voltage. Normal frequency recovery vol: ‘age shall be determined from the envelope of ‘each voltage wave at a point in time coincident with that peak that occurs more than ¥ eycle, and not more than 1 cycle, after final are extine tion in the last phase to clear. The normal: frequency recovery voltage for a S-phase short circuit shall be taken as the average of the three ‘values obtained in this manner for the three volt age waves, See Fig A6,741-1988 IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED oe 7117 [AMS VALUE OF ASYMMETRICAL, oa ‘SINE WAVE = CXM. RMS VALUE OF LOO} on 070 ‘CURRENT WAVE 068 Te ted >I DURATION OF LOOP. \ 064 TMG Wave ova ‘ ced ION OF CYCLE RATIO OF RMS TO PEAK CURRENT oss! ose: . wo 0 0 0 wo «© 0 = 6 10 bunaron oF Looe m rence o cree = 100 oT, te care den hsp decree a rigs Curves for Determining from & Single Loop of a Displaced Sinusoidal Wave the [RMS Value of the Wave Integrated Over a Complete Cycle or Over the Single Loop rt wo op cuit instant final are extinction 1 imerat $5 tom 00 1 iterat + rom 00 1 period at sytem frequency paca fig = notmal-requency recovery voltage, phase A PHASE 8 norml-requency recovery voltage, phase C frequency recovery voltage PHASE C nee eee 2eze * Zars * 2628 NOTE; In phase 8, 2 vohage peak occurs exactly at interval {Gy In such even, measurement ie made ae ater ner al x0 Fig A6 Determination of ‘Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage 36exe DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES. co741-1968 Appendix B Recommended Method of Determining the Equivalent Steady-State RMS Current for Plotting Time-Current Curves SINGLE-POLE AIR SWITCHES, FU ‘The current that melts a fuse in less than 1 mine the root-mean-square value of the ‘may contain a number of transients in the wave. ‘wave, This value is then multiplied by the ‘The magnitude of these transients varies with scale of the oseillogram to give the rms each fuse operation, and the equivalent steady- current, state rms value of the current wave can be (2) When the fuse melts after transient condi- ‘obtained only by evaluating each case individu. tions subside, the transient part of the ally. The following methods are recommended for wave is integrated as described in (1), and fuse tests that fall in this class: the crest-to-crest height ofthe steady-state (1) When the fuse melts during transient con wave measured. The two values obtained ditions, the area under the melting part of are combined as follows: the current wave is integrated to deter- of transient J { transient |+| of steady-state portion | | steady-state ‘wave to melting point = SS vial ea ave ee total time to melt a7IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH.VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED Appendix C Simplified Fault Current Calculation C1, Interrupting Duty To select the proper interrupting rating, itis necessary to calculate the maximum symmetrical fault current on the load side of the fuse and ‘compare this value with the interrupting eapabil- ity of the fuse, Most power fuses, distribution current limiting fuses, and distribution cutouts are now rated by the manufacturer in terms of symmetrical current. A direct comparison can be ‘made between the calculated values of fault cur: rent and the fuse rating. Many power fuses and distribution cutouts of earlier manufacture (pre- 1970) were rated on the basis of asymmetrical ‘current. For those fuses, multiplying factors must be applied to the calculated fault current before a comparison can be made with the fuse ratings. ‘The multiplying factors to be applied depend ‘upon the system X/R ratios on the source side of the fuse, Some representative X/R ratios for application of fuses on systems are given in Tables 2,5, 8, and 10. For specific applications, where the X/R values are known, multiplying factors can be obtained from Fig Cl. Normally, the curve labeled rms mul- tiplication factor will be used. Occasionally, the curve labeled peak multiplication factor is of interest during design testing of fuses. (C2, Mechanical and Momentary Duty For many purposes, itis necessary to know the maximum possible rms current (including both ‘ac and de components) that can flow in a circuit. Allowing for overexcitation of generators, the ‘rms value of asymmetrical current as calculated for faults initiated at voltage zero, is about 18 times the symmetrical fault current, As there will always be some decay even in the first half eycle, however, a multiplier of 1.55 is acceptable. Fig ct Relation of X/R Ratio to Multiplication Factor BASED UPON ANS ASYM= BETTS SRT 4 3” fn Be VALUE TAKEN Z a. Sarre Peale zl ze 38 B/E as Ze 5E a8 3/5 ajo Eg. a s&s 32 3 a2 18 3 i 2 alas 7 2 Sa he & gis hs 2 3 ha 8 8 ha 8 ” 8 2 g Ete ha 8 Le hag 18 2253 4 5 6 7 8810 48 20 25 30 «0 0 60708080100 CIRCUIT x7 RATIO TAN 6)SINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES ost, ‘Appendix D ‘Transient Recovery Voltage Parameters DI. Measurement of Peak Factor Peak factor is the ratio of the first peak of the transient recovery voltage to the instantaneous value of source voltage at the time of current zero, and is defined by first-peak of transient recovery voltage V2 (source voltage) sin (tan"1X/R) peak factor = ‘This parameter is used in lieu of amplitude fae- tor (the ratio of the first peak of the transient recovery voltage to the peak value of the normal frequency recovery voltage) and is considered superior — especially when testing in circuits with low X/R ratios. Peak factor may be measured by current- Injecting the test circuit or, alternately, by con- ducting an actual fault-interrupting test using a low-are-voltage interrupting device that does not distort the transient recovery voltage. Either method, incidentally, can also be used to deter mine the frequency of the test circuit transient recovery voltage. ‘The characteristics and use of current inject: ing equipment must be such as to not alter the Inherent TRV characteristies ofthe circuit during measurement, For further information on such equipment, the following sources may be used: (2) “Transient Recovery Voltage Subsequent to Short-Cireuit Interruption with Special Reference to Swedish Power Systems” P. Hammarlund, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, Proceeding No. 189, 1946, (2) “Determination of Restriking Transients on Power Networks by a Half-Wave Injection Method," Sing Yui-King, JIEE, Part II, p.700, 1949, (8) “A Method for Studying Circuit Transient Recovery Voltage Characteristics of Elec tric Power Systems," W. C. Kotheimer, AIEB ‘Transactions, vol 74, pp. 1083-6, 1955. (4) “Low Voltage Injection Equipment for Deter- mining the Transient Response of Power System Plant," R. L. Jackson, Internal Laboratory Report No. RD/L/R 1782, Cen- tral Electricity Research Laboratory, Feb 3, 1972, Leatherhead, England. D1.1 Measurement of Peak Factor by Current Injection. Peak factor is graphically determined from the transient recovery voltage appearing ‘across the open interrupting device when the cit- cuit is current-injected at that point. D12 Measurement of Peak Factor by Fault Interruption. Peak factor is determined from the transient recovery voltage record of an actual fault-interrupting test on a circuit employing a low-are-voltage device, that does not distort the transient recovery voltage, in place of the cutout. (Peak factor cannot be determined from the tran sient recovery voltage record of atest employing a fuse cutout as the interrupting device, since cutouts typically distort the transient recovery voltage.) For this case, the first peak of the transient recovery voltage is measured from the extinction peak as its starting point, as is the measurement of the instantaneous source voltage at the time of current zero. (first-peak of transient recovery voltage) + (extinction peak) [V2 (source voltage) sin (tan-1X/R)] + (extinetion peak) peak factor =Gira 1988 IEEE STANDARD DESIGN TESTS FOR HIGH.VOLTAGE FUSES, DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED ae : Ro i F ce cs] ee Deve Fe 3 coffe 1 "YROAL GRCUT OAGRAM FOR TET SERS 2.34 — ame? if Wardens (23 sae t Test SERIES 1.2.3, 6 TABLES TEST SERIES 1,2, TABLE 10, @ rir | it Ane Rs ve oh} a Cw 1 ‘TVPICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR TEST SERIES 5, 6*, — TABLE 2 * TEST SERIES 4,5") — TABLES nd 8 TEST SERIES 3, TABLE 10 @) ‘cemovable link usd forthe calibration test ‘reuttreaker protecting he source losing switch ‘urrenttransloemer of noninductive current shunt ‘apsctanee volage sitet transient recovery wotage fequency contol or source Iransiot recovery watage frequency contol fo oad {use under est generator reactance for sours Feetance for fod (568 Ta) ‘esitanes to contr! X/R ratio of source flaming resistance to conta pes factor of source ‘armping resistance to convo peas factor of oad Fesitance to conto! X/R rato a oad ‘Setoutiontanstormer with shor dkcuted secondary terminals aternative tL and Ry) posable locations of transformer for tests at veltages highar than goneratrwatage Feoveryvatage measurement = felerence votage measurement NOTE: Damping circuits ot than shown, for contaling te inherent TRV perameters ofthe tst cut. may be used by mutua [oreement between manufacturer and Yost laboratory. Such use shal be noted and expiained inthe test eport, Fig D1 ‘Typleal Test Circuits 40eee SINGLE POLE AIR SWITCHES, FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES, AND ACCESSORIES cara 1988 Er 8 I zeR0-voLTaGE REFERENCE +} 20048 Je a: Peak Factor = S25 = 16 359 Fig D2 Peak Factor Determination from Current-Injection Test Record aee, 741-1988 conn ‘vOuTAGE = ‘zeRo-vOUIAGE ‘CURRENT [[herenence ¢ 8 rts +00 wat | 20«v Peak Peter = Can TXT) A ae ns * Bede ten 26) 18 Fig D3 Peak Factor Determination from Fault-Interruption Test Record 42