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Laravel
Up & Running
A Framework for
Building Modern PHP Apps

Matt Stauffer
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 SECOND EDITION

Laravel: Up & Running

A Framework for Building Modern PHP Apps

Matt Stauffer

Beijing Boston Farnham Sebastopol Tokyo

www.EBooksWorld.ir
Laravel: Up & Running
by Matt Stauffer
Copyright © 2019 Matt Stauffer. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional
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Production Editor: Christopher Faucher Interior Designer: David Futato
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Proofreader: Amanda Kersey Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest

December 2016: First Edition

April 2019: Second Edition

Revision History for the Second Edition

2019-04-01: First Release

See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781492041214 for release details.

The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Laravel: Up & Running, the cover
image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
The views expressed in this work are those of the author, and do not represent the publisher’s views.
While the publisher and the author have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and
instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the author disclaim all responsibility
for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of
or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own
risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source
licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use
thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.

978-1-492-04121-4
[LSI]

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 This book is dedicated to my family.
Mia, my little princess and bundle of joy and energy.
Malachi, my little prince and adventurer and empath.
Tereva, my inspiration, encourager, upgrader, pusher, rib.

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 Table of Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

1. Why Laravel?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Why Use a Framework? 1
“I’ll Just Build It Myself ” 2
Consistency and Flexibility 2
A Short History of Web and PHP Frameworks 2
Ruby on Rails 2
The Influx of PHP Frameworks 3
The Good and the Bad of CodeIgniter 3
Laravel 1, 2, and 3 3
Laravel 4 4
Laravel 5 4
What’s So Special About Laravel? 4
The Philosophy of Laravel 5
How Laravel Achieves Developer Happiness 5
The Laravel Community 6
How It Works 7
Why Laravel? 9

2. Setting Up a Laravel Development Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

System Requirements 11
Composer 12
Local Development Environments 12
Laravel Valet 12
Laravel Homestead 13
Creating a New Laravel Project 13
Installing Laravel with the Laravel Installer Tool 14

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 Installing Laravel with Composer’s create-project Feature 14
Lambo: Super-Powered “Laravel New” 14
Laravel’s Directory Structure 15
The Folders 16
The Loose Files 17
Configuration 18
The .env File 19
Up and Running 21
Testing 21
TL;DR 22

3. Routing and Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

A Quick Introduction to MVC, the HTTP Verbs, and REST 23
What Is MVC? 23
The HTTP Verbs 24
What Is REST? 25
Route Definitions 26
Route Verbs 28
Route Handling 28
Route Parameters 29
Route Names 31
Route Groups 33
Middleware 34
Path Prefixes 36
Fallback Routes 36
Subdomain Routing 37
Namespace Prefixes 37
Name Prefixes 38
Signed Routes 38
Signing a Route 39
Modifying Routes to Allow Signed Links 40
Views 40
Returning Simple Routes Directly with Route::view() 41
Using View Composers to Share Variables with Every View 42
Controllers 42
Getting User Input 45
Injecting Dependencies into Controllers 46
Resource Controllers 47
API Resource Controllers 49
Single Action Controllers 49
Route Model Binding 50
Implicit Route Model Binding 50

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 Custom Route Model Binding 51
Route Caching 52
Form Method Spoofing 52
HTTP Verbs in Laravel 52
HTTP Method Spoofing in HTML Forms 53
CSRF Protection 53
Redirects 55
redirect()->to() 56
redirect()->route() 56
redirect()->back() 57
Other Redirect Methods 57
redirect()->with() 57
Aborting the Request 59
Custom Responses 60
response()->make() 60
response()->json() and ->jsonp() 60
response()->download(), ->streamDownload(), and ->file() 60
Testing 61
TL;DR 62

4. Blade Templating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Echoing Data 64
Control Structures 65
Conditionals 65
Loops 65
Template Inheritance 68
Defining Sections with @section/@show and @yield 68
Including View Partials 70
Using Stacks 72
Using Components and Slots 73
View Composers and Service Injection 75
Binding Data to Views Using View Composers 76
Blade Service Injection 79
Custom Blade Directives 80
Parameters in Custom Blade Directives 81
Example: Using Custom Blade Directives for a Multitenant App 82
Easier Custom Directives for “if ” Statements 83
Testing 83
TL;DR 84

5. Databases and Eloquent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Configuration 87

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 Database Connections 88
Other Database Configuration Options 89
Defining Migrations 90
Running Migrations 97
Seeding 98
Creating a Seeder 98
Model Factories 99
Query Builder 105
Basic Usage of the DB Facade 105
Raw SQL 106
Chaining with the Query Builder 107
Transactions 116
Introduction to Eloquent 117
Creating and Defining Eloquent Models 119
Retrieving Data with Eloquent 120
Inserts and Updates with Eloquent 122
Deleting with Eloquent 126
Scopes 128
Customizing Field Interactions with Accessors, Mutators, and Attribute
Casting 131
Eloquent Collections 135
Eloquent Serialization 137
Eloquent Relationships 139
Child Records Updating Parent Record Timestamps 152
Eloquent Events 154
Testing 155
TL;DR 157

6. Frontend Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Laravel Mix 159
Mix Folder Structure 161
Running Mix 161
What Does Mix Provide? 162
Frontend Presets and Auth Scaffolding 169
Frontend Presets 169
Auth Scaffolding 170
Pagination 170
Paginating Database Results 170
Manually Creating Paginators 171
Message Bags 172
Named Error Bags 174
String Helpers, Pluralization, and Localization 174

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