PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 8 8 0 2 6 3 3 7 5 2 *

GEO GR A P H Y 0 4 6 0 /2 2
P a p e r 2 G e o g r a p h i ca l Ski l l s M ay / J une 2 0 2 2

1 h our 3 0 minut es

Y o u m u st a n sw e r o n t h e q u e st i o n p a p e r .

Y o u w ill n e e d : I n es r t ( e n cl o es d ) P la in p a p e r
1 : 25 000 su r ve y m a p ( e n cl o se d ) P r o t r a ct o r
Ca l cu l a t o r R u le r

IN STR U CTIO N S
● A n sw e r al l q u e st i o n s.
● Use a b l a ck o r d a r k b l u e p e n . Y o u m a y u es a n H B p e n ci l f o r a n y d i a g r a m s o r g r a p h .s
● W r i t e yo u r n a m e , ce n t r e n u m b e r a n d ca n d i d a t e n u m b e r i n t h e b o ex s a t t h e t o p o f t h e p a g e .
● W r i t e yo u r a n sw e r t o e a ch q u e st i o n in t h e sp a ce p r o vi d e d .
● D o not u se a n e r a sa b l e p e n o r co r r e ct io n flu id .
● D o not w r i t e o n a n y b a r co d e s.
● I f a d d i t i o n a l sp a ce i s n e e d e d , yo u sh o u l d u se t h e l i n e d p a g e s a t t h e e n d o f t h i s b o o kl e t ; t h e q u e st i o n
n u m b e r o r n u m b e r s m u st b e cl e a r l y sh o w n .

IN F O R M A TIO N
● T h e to ta l m a r k f o r t h i s p a p e r i s 60.
● T h e n u m b e r o f m a r ks f o r e a ch q u e ts i o n o r p a r t q u e ts i o n i s hs o w n i n b r a cke ts [ ].
● T h e i n se r t co n t a i n s a d d i t i o n a l r e os u r ce s r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e q u e ts i o n .s

T h i s d o cu m e n t h a s 2 0 p a g e s. A n y b l a n k p a g e s a r e i n d i ca te d .

D C ( P Q /SG ) 3 041 9 0/4

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1 St u d y t h e m a p e xt r a ct f o r Up l a w m o o r , Sco t l a n d . T h e sca l e i s 1 : 25 000.

( a) F i g . 1 . 1 hs o w s os m e o f t h e f e a t u r e s i n t h e w e st o f t h e m a p e xt r a ct . St u d y F i g . 1 . 1 a n d t h e
m a p e tx r a ct a n d a n ws e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w .

41 42 43 44
58 58

Plymuir E
B

57 57

A
C

56 56

D
Loch
Braco Libo

55 55
41 42 43 44

F ig. 1 . 1

Usi n g t h e m a p e xt r a ct , i d e n t i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g f e a t u r e s sh o w n in F ig . 1 .1 :

( i) fe a tu re A

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]

( ii) t h e ve g e ta tio n a t B

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]

( iii) fe a tu re C

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]

( iv) t h e h e i g h t a b o ve se a l e ve l o f t h e sp o t h e i g h t ( su r ve y h e ig h t) a t D

................................. m e tre s [1 ]

( v) t h e l a n d u se a t E.

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]
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( b) F i g . 1 . 1 sh o w s t h e l o ca t i o n o f B r a co , P l ym u i r a n d Lo c h Li b o .

( i) Usi n g t h e m a p e xt r a ct m e a su r e t h e st r a i g h t - l i n e d i st a n ce b e t w e e n B r a co a n d P l ym u ir.

................................. m e tre s [1 ]

( ii) Me a su r e t h e b e a r i n g f rom B r a co t o P l ym u ir.

............................... d e g re e s [1 ]

( iii) Es t i m a t e t h e a r e a o f Lo ch Li b o . T i ck ( ✓) one b o x b e l o w .

t ic k ( ✓)

5 0 000 m 2

1 00 000 m 2

1 5 0 000 m 2

200 000 m 2

[1 ]

(c ) F i g . 1 . 2 i s a cr o s- se ct i o n a l o n g n o r t h i n g 5 46 f r o m 41 05 46 t o 4405 46.

Ram’s X
200 Head 200

175 175
metres metres
above 150 150 above
sea level sea level
125 125

100 100

410546 440546

F ig. 1 . 2

( i) I d e n t i f y t h e l a n d u se a t X .

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]

( ii) O n F i g . 1 . 2, us e a l abel l ed arrow t o sh o w t h e p o si t i o n o f t h e A 7 3 6. [1 ]

( iii) T h e rc o s- es tc i o n hs o w n o n F i g . 1 . 2 i s i n co m p l e t e . Usi n g i n f o r m a t i o n fro m th e m a p

e x t r a tc , d r a w a l i n e o n F i g . 1 . 2 t o c omp l et e t h e c ros s - s ec t ion. [ 2]

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( d) D e scr i b e t h e r e l i e f o f t h e l a n d t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e m a i n r o a d ( A 7 3 6) o n t h e m a p e xt r a ct .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 4]

( e) D e crs i b e th e d i st r i b u t i o n o f se ttle m e n t to th e so u th o f th e m a in ro a d ( A 7 3 6) o n th e m a p
e xt r a ct .

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[ T o t a l : 20]

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TU R N P A GE F O R Q U ESTIO N 2

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2 Ma n y m i g r a n t s t r a ve l t o Sh a n g h a i , Ch i n a e a hc ey a r . F i g . 2. 1 hs o w s t h e fo u r m a in p r o vi n ce s
m i g r a n t s t r a ve l l e d f r o m t o r e a ch Sh a n g h a i b e t w e e n 1 9 8 5 a n d 1 9 9 5 .

JIANGSU

ANHUI Shanghai

SICHUAN ZHEJIANG

0 300
km
Number of migrants to Shanghai
provinces
years Anhui Jiangsu Sichuan Zhejiang
1985–90 39 000 103 800 20 000 51 800
1990–95 106 900 111 500 37 300 638 000

F ig. 2 . 1

( a) ( i) Su g g e st t w o d i f f e r e n t w a ys i n w h i ch t h e d a t a i n F i g . 2. 1 co u l d b e sh o w n o n th e m a p .

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 2]

( ii) D e scr i b e t h e m a i n p a t t e r n s o f m i g r a t i o n sh o w n o n F i g . 2. 1 . D o not u se st a t i st i cs i n yo u r

a n sw e r.

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( b) Usi n g F i g . 2. 1 onl y , su g g e st w h y t h e r e a r e not m a n y m i g r a n t s t r a ve llin g fr o m r e g i o n s su ch

a s Si hc u a n .

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(c ) Su g g e ts t w o ec onomic p r o b le m s ca u se d b y th e la r g e n u m b e r o f m ig r a n ts a r r iv in g in
Sh a n g h a i .

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2................................................................................................................................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 2]

[T o ta l: 8 ]

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3 ( a) St u d y F i g . 3 . 1 , w h i ch sh o w s h o w t h e a g e st r u ct u r e s o f co u n t r i e s ch a n g e a s t h e y d e ve lo p .

65

ag e male f emale

15

A B C

F ig. 3 . 1

I d e n t i f y w h i ch p o p u l a t i o n p yr a m i d s h o w s t h e f o l l o w i n g f e a t u r e s. T i ck ( ✓) one b o x f o r e a ch
st a t e m e n t b e l o w .

A B C

l o w e st l i f e e xp e ct a n cy

h ig h b ir th r a te a n d h ig h d e a th r a te

a g e in g p o p u la tio n

h i g h b i r t h r a t e a n d d e cl i n i n g d e a t h r a t e

h i g h e st p o p u la tio n g r o w th
[3 ]

( b) St u d y F i g . 3 . 2, w h i ch hs o w s t h e hc a n g e i n t h e p e r ce n ta g e o f th e p o p u la tio n th a t is a g e d
65 ye a r s o r a b o ve f o r co u n t r i e s o f d i f f e r e n t i n co m e .s

low i n co me

mi ddle i n co me

h i g h i n co me

0 5 10 15 20
% of p op u lati on ag ed
65 ye ars an d over
K ey
19 60
2018

F ig. 3 . 2

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( i) B y h o w m u hc d i d t h e p e r ce n t a g e o f p o p u l a t i o n a g e d 65 ye a r s a n d o ve r i n m i d d l e - i n co m e
co u n t r i e s i n rc e a se b e t w e e n 1 9 60 a n d 201 8 ?

........................................ % [1 ]

( ii) D e crs i b e t h e r e l a t i o n sh ip b e tw e e n i n co m e a n d p e r ce n ta g e o f th e p o p u la tio n a g e d

65 ey a r s a n d o ev r .

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(c ) G i ve t w o r e a so n s w h y m a n y h i g h - i n co m e c o u n t r i e s h a ve a n a g e in g p o p u la tio n .

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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[T o ta l: 8 ]

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4 ( a) St u d y F i g . 4. 1 , w h i ch is a n e w sp a p e r a r t i cl e d e scr ib in g n a t u r a l h a za rd s o n th e i sl a n d o f
H a w a ii.

Kilauea, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, has been constantly erupting for 35 years. Lava
flows have covered more than 38 square kilometres. The eruption on the 5 May 2018 caused a
series of earthquakes, which reached a magnitude of 6.9. Steam and lava came out of large cracks
in the ground. The police force asked hundreds of residents to move to the two evacuation centres.
A local resident who has lived there for 35 years said, ‘It’s just part of life here. I’ve got lava tunnels
on my property which drain lava from the volcano.’

F ig. 4 . 1

( i) Us i n g F i g . 4. 1 , i d e n t i f y w h a t ca u se d t h e eart h q uak es .

..................................................................................................................................... [1 ]

( ii) Us i n g F i g . 4. 1 onl y , i d e n t i f y t h ree r e a so n s w h y p e o p l e st i l l l i ve in th is a r e a .

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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1 1

( b) F i g . 4. 2 sh o w s h o w l o n g i t w o u l d t a ke a t su n a m i ( l a r g e w a ve ca u se d b y a n e a r t h q u a ke ) to
r e a ch t h e n e a r b y i sl a n d .s

Content removed due to copyright restrictions.

F ig. 4 . 2

( i) D e scr i b e t h e l o ca t i o n o f t h e e a r t h q u a ke ’ s e p i ce n tre .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 2]

( ii) H o w l o n g w o u l d i t t a ke t h e t su n a m i t o r e a ch t h e i sl a n d o f K a u a i ?

............................... m in u te s [1 ]

( iii) O n F i g . 4. 2, c omp l et e t h e l ine f o r 1 5 m i n u t e s. [1 ]

[T o ta l: 8 ]

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1 2

5 ( a) F i g .s 5 . 1 a n d 5 . 2 ( I n se rt) a re p h o to g ra p h s w h i ch sh o w tw o d i f f e r e n t t o u r i st l o ca tio n s in
T h a ila n d .

D e scr i b e t h e a t t r a ct i o n s f o r t o u r i s t s sh o w n i n F i g s. 5 . 1 a n d 5 . 2.

F ig . 5 .1 ......................................................................................................................................

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F ig . 5 .2 ......................................................................................................................................

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( b) Su g g e st t w o r e a so n s w h y t h e l o c a l p o p u l a t i o n w o u l d w e l co m e t o u r i st s.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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(c ) Su g g e st one p r o b l e m ca u se d b y t o u r i st s.

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[T o ta l: 8 ]

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TU R N P A GE F O R Q U ESTIO N 6

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6 ( a) F i g . 6. 1 sh o w s h o w t h e e m p l o ym e n t st r u ct u r e o f B a n g l a d e sh ( a n LED C) h a s ch a n g e d o ve r
tim e .

100 0

10
9 0

20
8 0

3 0
try 70

40

%
u s

60

ter
in d

ti a
50

ry
50
ary

in d
n d
c o

60

u s
40
se

try
70
%

3 0

8 0
20 2019

9 0
10
19 70

0
10
0
0
3 0

20

10
60

50

40
10

9 0

8 0

70
0

% p ri mary i n du stry

K ey

p ri mary seco n dary terti ary

F ig. 6 . 1

( i) W h a t p e r ce n t a g e o f B a n g l a d e sh ’ s e m p l o ym e n t w a s in :

p r i m a r y i n d u st r y i n 1 9 7 0

........................................ % [1 ]

t e r t i a r y i n d u st r y i n 201 9 ?

........................................ % [1 ]

( ii) Su g g e st a n o t h e r t yp e o f g r a p h t h a t co u l d b e u se d t o sh o w t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n F i g . 6. 1 .

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( b) H o w h a s t h e p e r ce n t a g e i n se co n d a r y i n d u s t r y ch a n g e d ? T i ck ( ✓) one b o x b e l o w .

t ic k ( ✓)

st a ye d t h e sa m e

d e cr e a se d

i n cr e a se d
[1 ]

(c ) Su g g e ts t w o r e a so n s w h y t h e n u m b e r o f p e o p le w o r ki n g in a g r i cu ltu r e h a s d e cl i n e d in
co u n t r i e s us ch a s B a n g l a d e sh .

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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( d) Le s a g r i cu l t u r a l e m p l o my e n t ca n l e a d t o r u r a l - u r b a n m i g r a t i o n . Su g g e ts t w o w a ys i n w h i ch
r u r a l - u r b a n m i g r a t i o n m a y a f f e ct t h e p o p u l a t i o n ts r u ct u r e i n t h e r u r a l a r e a s.

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[T o ta l: 8 ]

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A ddit ional p ages

I f oy u u se t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s t o co m p l e t e t h e a n sw e r t o a n y q u e st i o n , t h e q u e st i o n n u m b e r m u st b e
cl e a r l y hs o w n .

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B L A N K P A GE

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B L A N K P A GE

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B L A N K P A GE

T h e b o u n d a r i e s a n d n a m e s hs o w n , t h e d e si g n a t i o n s u se d a n d t h e p r e se n t a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l o n a n y m a p s oc n t a i n e d i n t h i s q u e ts i o n p a p e r /i n es r t d o n o t i m p l y
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a u t h o r i t i e s, o r o f t h e d e l i m i t a t i o n o f i t s f r o n t i e r s o r b o u n d a r i e s.

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r e a so n a b l e e f f o r t h a s b e e n m a d e b y t h e p u b l i sh e r ( UCLES) t o t r a ec oc p yr i g h t h o l d e r s, b u t i f a n y i t e m s r e q u i r i n g lc e a r a n ce h a ev u n w i t t i n g l y b e e n i n cl u d e d , t h e
p u b l i sh e r w i l l b e p l e a se d t o m a ek a m e n d s a t t h e e a r l i e st p o si b l e o p p o r t u n i t y .

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A se sm e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Ed u ac t i o n Co p yr i g h t A ckn o w l e d g e m e n t s B o o lk e t . T h i s i s p r o d u ce d f o r e a ch se r i e s o f e ax m i n a t i o n s a n d i s f r e e l y a va i l a b l e t o d o w n l o a d
a t w w w . ca m b r i d g e i n t e r n a t i o n a l . o r g a f t e r t h e l i ve e xa m i n a t i o n es r i e s.

Ca m b r i d g e A se sm e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Ed u ac t i o n i s p a r t o f Ca m b r i d g e A se sm e n t . Ca m b r i d g e A se sm e n t i s t h e b r a n d n a m e o f t h e Un i ve r si t y o f Ca m b r i d g e
Lo ca l Exa m i n a t i o n s Syn d i ca t e ( UCLES) , w h i ch i s a d e p a r t m e n t o f t h e Un i ve r is t y o f Ca m b r i d g e .

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