Faculty Name: Dr.

Aman Arora

Ph.D. Research Domain: Soft Robotics

Tentative Research Topic: Non-conventional smart actuator for assistive applications

Abstract: This study explores the development of a non-conventional smart actuator for
assistive applications, focusing on pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). Specifically, the
research aims to create a hyper-elastic material-based, low-pressure actuated,
sensorized PAM for integration into a lower limb soft exoskeleton as an assistive device.
The proposed smart pneumatic actuator exhibits the capability to estimate its own state
through the use of a non-conventional hyper-elastic material-based strain sensor. The
core innovation lies in the utilization of hyper-elastic materials, allowing for efficient
actuation at low pressures, reducing the risk of injury and enhancing user comfort.
Additionally, the embedded strain sensor, based on a similar hyper-elastic material,
provides real-time feedback on the actuator's deformation, enabling accurate self-state
estimation. The integration of advanced machine learning algorithms plays a pivotal role
in characterizing and modeling the smart pneumatic actuator's behavior. These
algorithms are leveraged to develop a comprehensive model that captures the intricate
relationship between actuation parameters and the resulting mechanical response. The
acquired knowledge is then applied to optimize the actuator's performance, enhancing its
adaptability to varying user needs and environmental conditions. Ultimately, the research
endeavors to implement the developed smart pneumatic actuator in a soft lower limb
exosuit, demonstrating its potential in the field of assistive technology. The envisioned
exosuit not only augments the user's mobility but also showcases the feasibility of
employing non-conventional materials and advanced machine learning techniques in the
design and control of next-generation assistive devices.

Intake Count: 02

Developed set of low pressure actuated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs)

Faculty Name: Dr. Aman Arora

Ph.D. Research Domain: Soft Robotics

Tentative Research Topic: Human intent identification for control of lower limb soft
exoskeleton

Abstract: This research focuses on the interpreting the user intention and controlling the
developed lower limb soft exoskeleton, employing smart pneumatic artificial muscle
(PAM) actuators. The primary objective is to enhance the user experience by
implementing a system capable of identifying and interpreting the wearer's intent during
various locomotion scenarios. The proposed approach aims to discern user intentions
related to walking, including variations in speed, directional changes, sudden stops, and
the intent to climb, descend stairs, or navigate slopes. The utilization of smart PAM
actuators enables the integration of real-time feedback mechanisms, facilitating the
extraction of valuable information about the wearer's movements and intentions. Machine
learning algorithms are employed to analyze the intricate patterns associated with
different gait variations and user gestures. By deciphering these patterns, the system can
accurately identify the user's intent, allowing for dynamic and adaptive control of the lower
limb soft exoskeleton. This research not only addresses the biomechanical challenges of
mimicking natural human movements but also aims to enhance the synergy between the
user and the assistive device. The outcome of this study holds promise for the
development of intuitive and responsive lower limb exoskeletons, contributing to the
advancement of assistive technologies and improving the overall mobility and autonomy
of able-bodied individuals.

Intake Count: 01

Developed soft lower limb exosuit

Faculty Name: Dr. Amit Kumar
Research Domain: Solid Mechanics
Ph.D. Research Topic
Development and testing the
efficacy of Machine Learning
techniques in predicting
stresses for structural
analysis and simulation
Ultrasonic guided wave
based active structural
health monitoring of thin
composite structures using
machine learning
Abstract
Analysis and simulations of physical structures requires extensive use of
simulation softwares employing finite element method which solves the
governing differential equations in conjunction with appropriate load and
boundary conditions. As the problem size increases, performing these
simulations require significantly high amount of time and resources, and a
small adjustment in input parameters requires the simulation to be
repeated, which ends up increasing the time taken in design and
development cycle. Recent advances in the field of machine learning in
various fields poses an opportunity to for the use of capabilities of ML
models to significantly improve the conventional capabilities. In this
proposal we explore to complement the finite element simulations with
machine learning. We propose to develop and evaluate the efficacy of
machine learning techniques in predicting stresses for different linear and
non-linear structural analysis problems including the beam bending,
truss bars, plate under in-plane load and the case involving stress
concentration.
The conventional maintenance regime of critical composite structures such
as the aircrafts is based on scheduled downtime associated with Non-
Destructive Evaluation has the drawback of loss of time and revenue due to
the down-time. Further the passive techniques of structural health
monitoring, which involves detection of acoustic emission in structures can
only be performed in the loaded condition and has the disadvantage of a)
non detection of the damage until the load exceeds the damage
propagation limit, b) a temporary downtime may render the SHM system
loose the crucial damage propagation signatures. Because of these reasons,
a regime of active guided wave propagation based real-time structural
health monitoring is getting interest of researchers. The technique involves
mounting of a set of piezoelectric transducers on the structures and
actuation and sensing of guided Lamb waves in thin structures. Guided
waves (e.g. Lamb waves) have the advantage that the wave pulses can
propagate large distances with lesser attenuation. The location and
magnitude of damage is then predicted from the presence of signatures
arising due to the interaction of generated Lamb wave with the damage. ML
methods have excellent capabilities to extract high-level features without
prior knowledge and can obtain deep mapping relationships between multi-
dimensional data and the object variable. Due to lack of data, the ML
methods in guided wave technology have not been fully practicable in the
previous decade. Generating large amounts of data for interaction of waves
with different damages with through experiments is a very costly. The finite
element method can be employed to generate this data; however it
required multi-layer modeling with the provision of including delamination
type damages in the composites. The present study aims at finite elements
modeling based computational as well as the experimental evaluation of
the interaction of guided wave modes in multi-layer composites with
delamination damages, and generation of data for the ML model to predict
damage magnitude and location.
 Faculty Name: Dr. Bittagopal Mondal

Problem:1 An Improved Design of LPG Cooking Burners to Enhance Thermal Efficiency

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has proven to the most popular fuel worldwide. There is
tremendous demand for LPG which are depleting at a rapid rate. Rising population and
depleting sources of fuels, justifies the importance of conservation of this ideal fuel. This may
be possible if the fuel is at least used to its maximum efficiency. The burners manufactured in
India are generally labelled with maximum thermal efficiency in a range 65- 68 %. But the
running efficiency is less reported in the literature. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the
ways to further improve the thermal efficiency and the emission characteristics of the existing
LPG cooking burners.
The main purpose of this work is to improve the thermal efficiency as well as the emission
characteristics of the existing domestic LPG cooking burner. This is proposed to be
accomplished through an improved design of the LPG cooking burner in order to increase its
thermal efficiency, thereby reducing the LPG usage drastically which will eventually save
substantial amount of fuel consumption. A novel idea in the form of introduction of vortex
generators will be implemented within the flow passage for achieving better fuel-air mixing
which will increase the thermal efficiency as well as reduce the soot productions. Additionally,
various design modifications in the burner cap will be considered to improve the swirling
strength of the flame and also there will be introduction of semi-confinement around the burner
to reduce the radiative losses.

Problem 2: Modelling of Heat Transfer and Flow Patterns in a Porous Wick of Loop
Heat Pipe

Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) are passive, two-phase heat transfer devices that were developed to
meet the increasing thermal management needs of high-performance electronic systems and
aerospace industries. The development of such LHPs in kW class is driven by the increasing
demand for high-power electronic devices that require efficient and reliable thermal
management solutions. The need for such devices is particularly acute in the aerospace and
defense industries, where electronic systems operate in harsh environments with limited access
to cooling resources, external power sources and with severe weight restrictions. Overall, the
proposal for developing a KW class LHP is germinated from the need for more efficient and
reliable thermal management solutions for high-power electronic devices used in many strategic
sectors.
As electronic devices continue to increase in power density and complexity, traditional cooling
solutions such as air and liquid cooling are becoming less effective. LHPs offer a promising
alternative by providing passive, reliable, and efficient heat transfer over long distances and at
high power levels. Thus in this study it is planned to design and develop a kW class Loop Heat
Pipe Test Rig.
Problem 3: Design of Hybrid Thermal Management System for EV Battery Module and Utilization
of Waste Heat

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) technology is expected to be the energy storage of choice for
electric drive vehicles in the coming years due to their relatively high specific energy and
power. The temperature has a significant impact on the performance, life, safety and cost of
LIBs. To avail the necessary driving force for electric vehicles (EV), a battery module can be
made from multiple small cells connected in series and parallel. However, large lithium-ion
batteries are very sensitive to temperature compared to other chemistries, and can suffer if
exposed to extreme or imbalanced temperatures. This drives the necessity for battery thermal
management systems (BTMS) in large Li-ion modules, particularly when longevity and
reliability is paramount. The BTMS needs to be designed appropriately with right tools. A
detailed study of battery thermal management is essential with hybrid cooling system to
maintain operating temperature range provided by the cell manufacturer. Efficacy of
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) based hybrid cooling system will be considered to determine
suitable thermal management cooling channel specifications and utilizes recovered heat
through thermoelectric generator (TEG).

Problem 4: Effect of shear thinning and thickening behaviour of power law fluid on the
wake and thermal characteristics of porous cylinder in laminar flow regime.

Da = 10-6 to 10-2
Porous Cylinder Re = 10 - 40
n = 0 – 1.5
ω=1–5
Ri = 0 - 2
Ha = 0 - 5

Tentative objectives:
1. Study of wake suppression behaviour of shear thinning fluid (0 < n < 1) behind porous
circular/square cylinder for the range of Re = 10-40 and Da = 10-6 – 10-2.
2. Investigation of recirculating bubble behaviour behind porous circular/square cylinder
subjected to shear thickening fluid (1 < n < 1.5) flow for the range of Re = 10-40 and
Da = 10-6 – 10-2.
3. Influence of forced and mixed convection on the flow and thermal characteristics of
porous circular/square cylinder subjected to power law fluid flow for the range of Re
= 10-40, Ri = 0-2, and Da = 10-6 – 10-2.
4. Study of effect of rotation on the wake and thermal characteristics of porous circular
subjected to power law fluid flow for the range of Re = 10-40, ω = 1 – 5, and Da =
10-6 – 10-2.
Tentative PhD topic with short abstract Faculty Name: Dr Dilip Kumar Biswas

1. Spline curve based online path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithm for
autonomous mobile robot

Path planning through a dynamic environment of any mobile robot is a challenging

task. World demands the online and very fast algorithm which satisfy all the motion
related criteria of the robot and its surroundings. Most of the algorithms cited so far
are based on either classical or soft computation techniques. The classical methods
have local minima as well as oscillation problems and generally trapped where no
movement possible. Whereas the soft computation technique is computationally
complex and takes huge time to find optimal path. But there is no guarantee that an
optimal path is searched. The paths points generated in both of the methods have
discrete in nature. These path points are connected by straight lines which are termed
as Line Of Sight (LOS) and these are the sources of jerks. Through precision motion
control these jerks are minimized. But in the proposed method, instead of generating
path points, smooth curve segments are generated, and the connectivity between two
successive curve segments will follow curvature continuity. The curvature continuous
curves will generate stream line path and thus jerks will not be there or negligible. By
utilizing this method very fast algorithm is possible to introduce using less numbers of
mathematical formulations.

2. Gait based online obstacle avoidance algorithm for Autonomous Legged Robot

Obstacle avoidance of mobile robot is not so easy, whatever methods of obstacle

avoidance is implemented. More over if the robot is a legged one then a special
attention is to be given to develop the path planning algorithm but what about the Gait
during the obstacle avoidance. To develop a more precise and practical path to avoid
obstacle by a Legged Robot, its Gait plays a vital role. The Gait depends on the path
based kinematics of the Legged Robot. So, finding the core path planning algorithm
to avoid collision with obstacle for any Autonomous Legged Robot, Gait based online
algorithm will play the key role. This challenge is to be taken up to solve the obstacle
avoidance problem.

3. Real time walking algorithm for Autonomous Hexapod Robot

Making a mobile robot is the dream of any robotic researcher. Moreover if the robot is
a walking and autonomous one then the satisfaction of the researcher reaches to its
extreme level. But this dream will come to a reality if proper scientific theorems are
implemented practically for each and every stages of development. Thus from
practical point of view various theorems and algorithms required to be implemented
to generate the real time foot step data for any walking machine. The task is related to
real time walking gait, kinematics and path data of the hexapod walking robot.

The above are tentative titles of the proposed PhD topic, however the title may
redefined keeping the inner theme as it is.

Dr Dilip Kumar Biswas

 Faculty Name: Dr. Dip Narayan Ray

Abstract:

During the second half of 20th century, research on mobile robotics has emerged as a major area with
wide application potential. A few areas, worth mentioning here are unmanned surveillance on both
surface, air and under water; space explorations; robotic surgery. In India, as well, research on
Robotics has shown promises for application beyond Industrial automation. It is therefore imperative
to consider that the domain will become more active and possibly will show advancement in this field.
The overall work can be classified in three major categories.
1. Design and development of experimental robotic systems (and components/ parts):
The tireless efforts for developing mobile robots suitable for operation in unsafe and hazardous areas
have created indigenous capability of development of Mobile Robots suitable for operation in different
terrain conditions. This research and development effort has generated a series of mobile robots
suitable for taking up diverse set of challenges leading to a complete and scalable mobile robot
developmental package where system and task specific robots can be built with optimal operational
characteristics. However, present day the Mechanical Systems can be improved through
implementation of Computational Intelligence (CI). For example, the conventional spring-damper
system is to be replaced with active or semi-active suspensions along with automatic platform
stabilization for mostly carrying wounded soldiers. Research on development of HUB/BLDC motors,
terra-mechanics for various outdoor Mobile Robots are also undergoing. Advanced works in these
domains (not only limited to above list) are going to be undertaken fusing Artificial Intelligence (AI)/
Machine Learning (ML) techniques.
2. Robotic Exploration, Navigation, Vision and Application of AI/ML Techniques:
AI and Machine Learning (ML) techniques are instrumental in enabling autonomous navigation for
mobile robots by providing them with the ability to perceive their environment, make decisions, and
navigate effectively. Integrating data from multiple sensors like cameras, LIDAR, radar, and IMUs
using ML algorithms helps create a comprehensive understanding of the robot's surroundings. ML
enables robots to identify and classify objects, enabling them to navigate around obstacles and make
informed decisions about their paths. ML algorithms help in segmenting the environment into
meaningful parts, allowing the robot to distinguish between different elements and understand their
significance for navigation.
ML algorithms optimize the robot's path by considering various factors such as obstacles, dynamic
changes in the environment, and optimizing for efficiency and safety. Robots can use reinforcement
learning to learn navigation policies, adapting their behavior based on rewards and penalties received
while navigating. ML enables the robot to detect and react to moving obstacles or changes in the
environment in real-time, adjusting its path accordingly. ML allows the robot to continuously learn and
adapt to new environments or changing conditions, improving its navigation capabilities over time.

1 of 2
Dr. D. N. Ray, Sr. Pr. Scientist & Head, Intelligent Systems Engg. Group, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, WB
Vision in bad weather conditions poses significant challenges for autonomous robots/ vehicles,
especially those relying on visual inputs like cameras. However, several techniques, including AI and
specific algorithms, are being developed to mitigate the challenge of low or no visibility leading to
collisions and accidents. AI and ML techniques coupled with advanced sensor technologies are
continually evolving to improve vision and perception in adverse weather conditions, facilitating the
operation of autonomous systems in various domains even in challenging environments.
Researches in the above-mentioned domains are still in the nascent stages and hence diversified
research work can be carried out.
3. Multi-robot Co-operation using AI and ML Techniques:
Multi-robot cooperation involves multiple robots working together towards a common goal or
performing complementary tasks. AI and ML techniques play a crucial role in enabling effective
collaboration among multiple robots.
Robots can use reinforcement learning algorithms to learn cooperative behaviors by receiving rewards
based on collective success or failure in accomplishing tasks. AI algorithms help in distributing tasks
among robots efficiently, considering factors like capabilities, proximity to tasks, and overall
workload. AI facilitates communication protocols allowing robots to share information, coordinate
actions, and update each other on their individual tasks and observations. Using ML techniques, robots
can share and merge maps of their environment, enhancing the collective understanding of the
surroundings. There is ample scopes of research in this domain also.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure: A few indigenously developed industrial and experimental robotic systems (a) Sub-terrainean Robot
for partially or fully flooded Underground Coal Mines (photo taken during field trials at Satgram Mines,
ECL) (b) Tele-operated Mining Robot for detection of gasses and roof conditions (photo taken during field
trials at Khottadih Colliery, ECL) (c) Tele-operated IED/Bomb Detection Robot (photo taken during a lab-
level trial at CMERI) (d) Boiler Header Inspection Robot for detection of cracks, foreign objects and
irregularities in the Boiler Headers of Thermal Power Plants (photo taken during field trial at NTPC
Nabinagar Plant, Bihar)

****************

2 of 2
Dr. D. N. Ray, Sr. Pr. Scientist & Head, Intelligent Systems Engg. Group, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, WB
 Faculty Name: Dr. Ishita Sarkar

Carbon sequestration using different types of solvents

Carbon capture is a climate change mitigation technology where CO2 is captured from
power plants, steel plants and other industrial processes instead of being emitted to the
atmosphere. It can be seen as a bridge technology, allowing for the continued use of fossil
fuels in electricity generation and also in steel plants until low-carbon alternatives can be
implemented. Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) may also be necessary to
achieve the negative CO2 emissions required for the 1.5°C and 2°C climate goals.
According to IEA 2022, the worldwide emissions of CO2 from fossil fuels and industrial
activities reached 36.8 GT (IEA, 2022). Recently, studies have been conducted to develop
water-lean solvents or low-aqueous solvents (LAS) as an alternative approach to reduce the
sensible heat demand and heat of reaction in CO2 capture processes. Metal-organic
frameworks (MOFs) are also promising for CO2 capture due to their high porosity and
selective adsorption. Hence, water-lean amine solvent and MOF combine as promising
hybrid solvent approach. In this proposal, the relationship between amine structure and
activity to identify suitable solvents will be investigated for water-lean applications. The
primary objective is to develop energy-efficient water-lean solvents for solvent-based CO2
capture. It will evaluate single-component water-lean solvents to simplify the solvent
composition and gas phase analysis, while the MOF can adsorb the remaining CO2 from the
flue gas. This hybrid approach aims to reduce the overall energy consumption and cost of
CO2 capture while increasing the overall capture capacity.
Name of Supervisor: Dr. Kalyan Kumar Mistry

Department: Energy Research and Technology Group

Tentative Ph.D. Topic: Advancement of Thermoelectric Cooling System in low GWP application

Abstract of the Ph.D. research work:

A viable alternative to the vapour compression cycle is the thermoelectric cooling system, which
excels in low energy usage and is suitable for moderate implementation. Still, the Coefficient of
Performance (CoP) of thermoelectric cooling system is still less efficient than the process of vapour
compression. Hence, our main target is to enhance the Coefficient of Performance of thermoelectric
cooling system with GWP emission as low as possible.

Research Gaps of Thermoelectric cooling System:

 Low Efficiency with compared to the conventional vapour compression system.
 Due to low cooling capacity, that kind of cooling system is suitable for miniature cooling
applications, such as cooling electronic devices or small refrigerators, but they may not be
useful for larger-scale cooling requirements.
 Thermoelectric materials, such as certain types of semiconductors, like Bismuth Telluride,
Antimony Telluride can be expensive.
 To maintain the temperature difference, the heat produced on one side of the thermoelectric
module must be efficiently dissipated. Controlling heat dissipation can be difficult in some
applications which might impact the overall performance of the system.

Overcome of the Gaps of Thermoelectric Cooling System in Low GWP application:

Thermoelectric cooling systems are still being studied and developed in spite of aforesaid
drawbacks, and future developments might eventually overcome some of these restrictions.

 Enhancement of Overall Efficiency: Research on novel thermoelectric materials with

improved performance across a larger temperature range and increased thermoelectric
efficiency. For this purpose, rather than using bulk thermoelectric materials nanostructured
form of thermoelectric materials may be use which may further enhance efficiency as a
whole.
 Enhancement of Cooling Capacity: Suitable multi-stage thermoelectric module connected
in series or parallel mode can enhance cooling capability. To maximise total efficiency, each
stage runs in a distinct temperature range.
 Enhancement of Heat Dissipation: Advanced cooling methods, such as liquid cooling or
active thermal management systems, can enhance heat dissipation of the thermoelectric
modules.
 Faculty Name: Dr. Nilrudra Mandal

High Temp Tribology of Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composite:

Experimental and Modelling Approach

Abstract: The development of high temperature self-lubricating materials is vital to meet the
harsh requirements of mechanical systems, including sophisticated engines that demand
extended life and progressively high working temperatures (~800 °C). In the field of tribology,
the most challenging issues have been and continue to be achieving and sustaining minimal
friction and wear at high temperatures. However, research into new, high-temperature self-
lubricating materials with favourable frictional characteristics and exceptional wear resistance
has never stopped. Because of this, significant progress has been achieved recently in the
creation and varied application of novel high temperature self-lubricating materials that can
meet the multipurpose requirements of more sophisticated mechanical systems. The goal of
this study is to create a ceramic matrix composite which can resist wear and has excellent
self-lubricating qualities at high temperatures. The work will be divided in various parts i.e.
synthesis of ceramic matrix composite, mechanical and microstructural characterization,
tribological characterization at normal as well as high temperature, modelling of the tribological
phenomena etc, optimization of composition to get the best mechanical as well as tribological
properties etc. This work will provide a great insight in the field of high temperature tribology
and correlation with materials properties will help to choose the perfect composition for high
temperature application.

Keywords: Ceramic Matrix Composite; High Temperature Tribology; Wear Resistant; Self-
Lubricating; Modelling
 Experimental Investigation of Coated Inserts Towards Hard Turning
Application

Abstract: Machining hardened steels with a hardness of more than 45 HRC is known as hard
turning. Hard turning has become a promising field in manufacturing due to its many
advantages over grinding as a finishing procedure. Nowadays, cutting fluid and coolants are
primarily used with carbide or coated carbide inserts in industries. Given that cobalt and nickel,
two strategically significant and rapidly diminishing minerals, make up the majority of carbide
and coated carbide cutting components used in India. The environment is heavily
contaminated by the lubricants that are typically used while turning various grades of hardened
steel (>45 HRC). Self-lubricating inserts are a way to solve this issue. To prolong tool life and
increase machining efficiency, a self-lubricating cutting tool for hard turning is made to
minimise wear, heat, and friction during the cutting operation. Developing
multicomponent/multilayer coatings formed via physical vapour deposition is the goal of the
proposed work. The aim of the proposed study is to create bilayers and multilayer coatings
based on (Ti,Al,Cr,Si) N, which are predicted to have excellent tribological qualities, high hot
hardness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. These characteristics are crucial for a
cutting tool to have when used for hard turning. The suggested work would examine the
created coatings' various mechanical and physical qualities first in order to suggest an
appropriate coating for machining in dry and almost dry environment.

Keywords: Cutting Inserts; Hard Turning; Multilayer Coating; Dry Machining

Ph.D. Topic: Alloy Based Electrocatalyst Development for Economic
Green Hydrogen Production

Guide: Dr. Poulomi Roy

Hydrogen is considered as clean fuel, which is expected to address the energy crisis
avoiding the use of fossil fuels. The green hydrogen production through
electrocatalytic water splitting is considered to be most viable way avoiding
environmental pollution. There have been extensive studies carried out on
electrocatalysis world-wide to achieve green hydrogen production efficiently. In order
to develop cost-effective and efficient electrocatalyst, efforts have been made focusing
noble metal-free electrocatalysts. Considering the fact that the process depends much
on the availability of active sites at surface, designing of electrocatalyst with non-noble
metals has drawn enormous attention. In this context, nanostructured alloys containing
multiple metal sites and lowering activation energy barrier for water oxidation may
consider to be miracle material as electrocatalyst. Most importantly, the alloy based
electrocatalysts also act great towards electrochemical reduction process. To make
the electrocatalyst economic, alloys composed of transition metals with rational
insertion of defects and generation of large number of active sites will be focused. It is
expected that such designing of electrocatalyst will lead to achieve considerably high
current density at low overpotential values, making green hydrogen generation
economic and attractive for industry applications.
Faculty Name: Dr. Rajest P. Barnwal

Topic-1: Optimizing Communication and Data Transfer in Industrial IoT Networks using LiFi
Technology Abstract:

In the era of Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is revolutionizing manufacturing and
industrial processes. This research topic aims to delve into the realm of optimizing communication
and data transfer within IIoT networks using LiFi technology. LiFi, which utilizes light waves for data
transmission, presents a promising alternative to traditional wireless communication methods in
industrial environments. The primary focus of this research is to develop innovative protocols,
algorithms, and hardware enhancements that can exploit the full potential of LiFi, ensuring enhanced
communication efficiency, higher data transfer rates, and improved overall network performance. The
investigation will encompass the analysis of LiFi's suitability for different industrial scenarios,
considering factors such as interference, signal strength, and reliability. Researchers will explore how
LiFi can be seamlessly integrated into existing IIoT infrastructures, addressing the challenges posed by
the dynamic and complex nature of industrial environments. By optimizing the utilization of LiFi in IIoT
networks, the goal is to contribute to the creation of more robust and efficient industrial
communication systems, paving the way for enhanced automation, control, and monitoring in smart
factories.

Topic-2: Security and Reliability in LiFi-Based Industrial IoT Systems Abstract:

As the integration of LiFi technology in Industrial IoT gains momentum, security and reliability become
paramount concerns. This research topic seeks to address the unique challenges associated with
securing and ensuring the reliability of LiFi-based Industrial IoT systems. LiFi, being a line-of-sight
technology, introduces specific vulnerabilities that differ from traditional wireless communication.
The research will delve into the development of robust security protocols, encryption mechanisms,
and fault-tolerant strategies tailored to the characteristics of LiFi. The investigation will include an in-
depth analysis of potential threats, such as eavesdropping and signal interception, and the design of
countermeasures to mitigate these risks. Additionally, researchers will explore methods to enhance
the reliability of LiFi in challenging industrial environments, considering factors like environmental
conditions, mobility, and device heterogeneity. By addressing these critical aspects, the research aims
to contribute to the establishment of secure and dependable LiFi-based Industrial IoT ecosystems,
ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive industrial data.
Faculty Name: Dr. Rashmiranjan Sahoo

Tentative Ph.D. Topic: Electroless Ni-P-B self-lubricating ternary coatings

Abstract of the Ph.D. research work: Use of EN coatings in automotive industry give a
significant economic and ecological savings. The use of this coating significantly reduce
the weight of used construction elements and enhance their service life. Applications
of thin coatings in automotive industry is and with nanotechnology together will be in
centre of interest of automotive industry in near future. The main purposes of this work
are to develop a new type of ternary electroless NI-P-B coating and evaluation of the
microstructural and mechanical properties to correlate the two observations. The main
reason behind the use of binary NiP coating is as phosphorus possess excellent wear
resistant character, as well as NiB, can provide extreme wear resistant properties.
Therefore, it is essential to develop an electroless nickel ternary (NiPB) coating to form
a compact combination of these both properties merging into one platform. Further
the Ni-P-B coating can be amalgamated with additional elements such as BN, SiC,
Graphene etc. for improved performance. Another aspect of these coatings is to
employ them as anti-corrosion coatings. In order to promote the vehicles that can run
on alternative fuel like ethanol and bio-fuels, the government has also emphasized the
need to move towards ethanol/bio-fuel based transportation. As ethanol and bio fuels
are polar in nature, they are very prone to adsorption of water, leading to corrosion on
the surfaces. To solve this problem these coatings can also be explored on the piston
and engine surfaces. This might enable them to be used and compatible with ethanol
and bio fuels.
 Faculty Name: Dr. Ravi Kant Jain

PhD Topic 1:
Development of IoT-enabled Mobile Robotic System for Inspection and
Monitoring
Abstract

Robotics has always been demanding rapid and faster development in different applications like automobiles, material handling, power plant,
coal mines, inspection, agriculture, defense, biomedical, and so on where controlling the robots is a major challenge which can be provided the
remote operation through wirelessly. Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology has been introduced for robotic applications which can facilitate the
transferring of data almost without the intervention of human-to-machine-interface (HMI) or human-to-computer interaction via a wireless
communication approach. Under this thesis, an IoT-enabled mobile robot will be designed for proving the robot’s functionality which provides
the user with all the necessary controls in mobile android phones using IoT. The different IoT protocols (such as HTTP, MQTT protocols etc) for
robotic system will be developed and the data visualization of gasses content and air quality testing within the working environment will be
carried out where the use of sensors is essential for finding and detecting certain factors within the working environment. A mobile app and AI
based algorithms will be developed using a web application by which the different gasses content and air quality can be monitored in various
industrial applications. This kind of application demands for use of an IoT cloud for storing data in futuristic robotic applications.

PhD Topic 2:
Development of IoT-enabled environmental monitoring system including
automatic drip irrigation system
Abstract

Under this thesis, an IoT enabled soil monitoring system using wireless sensor network for the automatic irrigation in agricultural applications,
where an automated control system is required for water crisis of water towards irrigation applications. A system architecture for soil monitoring
and controlling irrigation using WSN and IoT technique is designed where the different sensors and actuators are connected with a node MCU
and MQTT protocol for enhancing communication capabilities. An experimental testing setups will be developed and soil moisture data using
IoT platform are also stored in a cloud server for analytics. The different protocols such as HTTP, MQTT protocols etc with multiple nodes
through WSN will be studied and AI based algorithms will be applied. The major advantages of the proposed method are that faster
communication can be obtained and data are also stored in the IoT cloud easily for data analytics.

PhD Topic 3:
Development of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) based soft actuator
for robotic applications
Abstract
Under this thesis, the hybrid-type sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) (SPEES) and functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWNT) based actuators will be developed using film-casting method followed by chemical reduction of Pt ions as electrodes. The sulfonation of
polymer will be characterized by ion exchange capacity (IEC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and degree of sulfonation measurements.
SPEES by blended with SWNT used to fabricate IPMC actuator. The structure of SPEES-SWNT ionic polymer membrane will be confirmed by
FTIR, EDX and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. The electrochemical and
electromechanical properties of SPEES-SWNT-Pt-based IPMC actuator will be studied in terms of higher IEC, Proton conductivity, higher
current density, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and large bending deflection which have considerable potential as soft actuator
for robotic and biomimetic applications.

For further reference, the student go to following my Google scholar site and ORCID ID

 https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=FNvdaXkAAAAJ&hl=en

 ORCID:0000-0002-8106-1256
Faculty Name: Dr. Swarup Ranjan Debbarma

Title of Research Topic:

Portable Scanner for Imaging Internal Defects and Presence of the materials in RC Structures

In the domain of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) over the Industrial Structures, development
of a Portable Scanner Mechanism for Imaging Internal Defects and Presence of the materials
in Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structures is very much essential.
The need for a "Portable Scanner for Imaging Internal Defects and Presence of the materials
in RC Structures" is critical to add value on the current NDT techniques. The standard tools
such as ultrasonic pulse velocity testers, rebound hammers, rebar locators, and rebar
corrosion mapping devices gather point-based data, necessitating extended preparation time
for surface and grid marking. This limitation often confines assessments to smaller areas.
Additionally, these methods lack imaging and visualization capabilities, often requiring
engineer discretion and expert intervention. Moreover, the available advanced imaging-
capable devices are expensive and bulky, while their time-consuming nature restricts their
application to larger and critical locations of the structures.
There is a clear demand for the development of a smart, portable scanner device equipped
with imaging capabilities. This scanner aims to simplify the assessment procedures and cover
larger areas in significantly less time. It should unite multiple assessments in a single scan,
eliminating the need for prolonged preparation and the associated limitations. The scanner's
advanced technology should bridge the gap between traditional methods and high-cost
imaging devices, allowing for swift and comprehensive evaluations of concrete structures.
Key Focus Areas of the Research will be:
1. Unite multiple assessments in single scanner,
2. Scanning larger area in a shorter time,
3. Integrating visualization.

The prospect of contributing to this important field of research and innovation and
development of a Portable Scanner for imaging internal defects if any in RC Structures has
the potential to revolutionize the NDT process. The Scanner will be very helpful for regular
inspection and maintenance purpose of industrial concrete infrastructures to ensure safety and
uninterrupted production.
Title of Research Topic:
Utilization of Legacy MSW in civil construction works

Abstract:
Dumping of Municipal Solid waste outside city limits is the only process practiced in across
the country. Continuous dumping of wastes for a prolonged period of time leads to the
formation of legacy wastes. Legacy wastes mostly comprises of pieces of packaging plastics,
pieces of glass, pieces of clothes, debris of metals, small size grits, clay and stones.
As per survey published by ToI legacy wastes have occupied more than 10,000 hectares of
precious land in the country. Absence of air leads to the rottening of these wastes to leachate
formation (foul smelling liquid). Leachates percolates the soil thus destroying the adjacent
flora and fauna of the place, polluting the ground water table thus imposing health hazards.
These wastes decompose to evolve methane gas which contributes to about 3 to 4% of annual
global greenhouse gas emissions thus contributing global warming. The major challenge
faced in the management of legacy waste is managing continuous flow of solid wastes and
dealing with the legacy of neglect which has turned into waste heaps. Various guidelines have
been laid down by the Waste Pollution Control Board, GoI but due to non-availability of any
viable/profitable process technology the utilization/consumption of legacy waste remains
untouched.

It is identified that no proper management could be effective in any parts of the country as the
rate of generation of legacy wastes are more than that being treated. Hence to combat this
legacy wastes it is proposed to develop a process towards utilization of legacy waste in
concrete and solidify/stabilize the heavy metals present and save ground water from mixing.

There is a wide aspect of research in this field to explore and conclude with new
methodologies of preparing concrete. The process will be highly useful in utilizing waste
resource, preventing environmental pollutions and health hazards.
 Faculty Name: Dr. Tapas Kuila

ABSTRACT

Title: Interface Engineering for improving thermal and mechanical properties of

carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications

The aim of this PhD work is to deploy and development of multifunctional structural composite
materials that is having wide range of application in engineering applications. Fiber-reinforced
polymer (FRP) composites are more beneficial in a variety of applications, especially in the
aviation and automobile industries, due to their distinct features of higher stiffness, strength-
to-weight ratio, ease of processing, fatigue, and anti-corrosion properties when compared to
neat polymer or metallic components. Epoxy resin is the widely used structural polymer due
to its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, as well as its low dielectric constant,
dielectric loss, minimal shrinkage, strong adhesiveness, heat resistance, and chemical
resistance. However, the application is limited due to the poor interfacial bonding between the
fabric and the epoxy matrix leading to de-lamination in the laminate, reduced the durability of
the fibre-reinforced polymer composites. In addition, the usability of the epoxy resin is also
limited due to its brittleness. In this work, surface engineering of carbon fabric and modified
epoxy resin will be used to achieve the desirable requirement. Matrix modification of carbon
fibre reinforced polymer composites using nanoparticles is a viable approach for improving
matrix dominated properties. Basically reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SiO2, Al2O3, carbon
nanotubes (CNT), CaCO3 etc. are widely used as nanofiller. Comprehending mechanical
properties after nanoparticle modification is vital in structural applications and improving such
qualities might lead to usage in wider sectors. comprehending mechanical properties after
nanoparticle modification is vital in structural applications, and improving such qualities might
lead to usage in wider sectors. Investigation on experimentally obtained static and dynamic
mechanical behaviour of nanofiller-reinforced epoxy/carbon fibre composites will be carried
out in detail. Various loading of nanofiller in epoxy matrix will be performed along with the
impregnation of carbon fibre by utilizing vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process
(VARTM). The prepared fiber reinforced composites will be analysed through
physicochemical and thermos-mechanical characterisation. It is anticipated that the
development of new multi-functional material will lead to a new path for traditional and
emerging-age materials for application in the aviation and automobile sectors in the upcoming
years.
 ABSTRACT
Title: Rational designing of electrode materials for high performance Zn-ion hybrid
supercapacitor
The main objective of this PhD work is to focus on the development of high energy density
energy storage devices (ES). Supercapacitor or ultracapacitor, an ES-device has intrigued the
curiosity of researchers and industry alike, because of several significant benefits such as,
ubiquitous power density caused by a quick charging/discharging rate (in seconds) and a long
cycle life. Although supercapacitor suffers from low energy density. In addition to the high
cycle life, energy density and power density are the two most essential parameters in evaluating
electrochemical energy systems. Pursuit of both high energy density and power density in a
single device has spurred the investigation of multivalent metal ion hybrid supercapacitor
(MMIHS). Battery and capacitor-like electrodes are ensemble to fabricate the high-
performance MMIHS-which can provide high energy and power-density simultaneously. Zn
metal ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHS) have attracted more attention compared to the other
MMIHS due to the high volumetric capacity, lower standard reduction potential, long cycle
stability, safety, economy and environmental acceptance. With Zn foil as an anode, cathode
can be constructed of carbon material/pseudocapacitive metal oxide (or sulphide or nitride)
materials. But bare Zn foil suffers uncontrollable dendrite formation and growth, unbearable
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), undesirable spontaneous Zinc corrosion. To avoid all of
this problem bare Zinc as a battery type electrode can be substituted by Zinc ion battery (ZIB)
type cathode material in ZHS. In this PhD work, emphasis will be given on the modification
of electrode materials for high performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor. There is a chance to
explore new electrode materials with enhanced capacities and prolong shelf-life and chance to
investigate possible resultant intermediate of electrode/electrolyte interfaces, detailed charge
storage kinetics and diffusion kinetics during electrochemical process, ion migration and
solvation effect. This research will help to unveil a pioneering ZHS, which would help to define
the future development of portable electronics vehicles, wearable electronics and other
miniature gadgets.

ABSTRACT
Title: Design and development of wrinkle-crack assisted piezo sensor based on conductive
polymer composites for structural health monitoring and wearable electronics
In this Ph.D. work, emphasis will be given on the development of piezo sensor based on 2D
nanomaterials which shows enormous applications in the field of biomedical, soft robotics,
aerospace, automotive, household appliances etc. In the past couple of years, the consumer and
industrial electronics sector has grown dramatically due to advancement in science and
technology, rising urbanisation, digitization, and the internet of things (IoT). Over the time,
metallic piezo sensors have eroded importance due to their low sensitivity, lower detection
range, rigidness and lack of mechanical stiffness. Therefore, with the exclusive use of flexible
materials, piezo sensors have been progressively popular in the modern era due to their capacity
to identify and convert mechanical motion into an electrical signal that can be evaluated based
on electrical resistance. As a consequence, polymeric piezo sensor incorporated with
conductive nanomaterials such as rGO, CNT, nanowires, MXene etc. are considered to be the
most propitious choice for the architectural health tracking, sensory skin, human motion
monitoring, humanoid robotics, automotive and energy-storage devices and wearable
electronics. Although piezo sensors have a wide range of applications, fabricating such sensors
with high tensile as well as high sensitivity at the same time remains a major obstacle in view
of practical implementation. The interaction between nanofiller and flexible thermoplastic
polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene terephthalate, poly (vinylidene difluoride),
polydimethylsiloxane etc. has a significant impact on the sensitivity, linearity and hysteresis of
nanofiller-polymer composites, considering their electrical and piezoresistive properties. The
piezoresistivity can be improved by considering the internal percolative network formed by
nanofiller, aspect ratio, tunnelling effect, electron hopping phenomenon. Along with
aforementioned criteria, the sensitivity can be improved by using hybrid system, doping and
surface modification of nanofiller, coating on the substrate etc. In order to improve the
stretchability, different sensing structure such as long space and waves, preparation technique
such as spin coating, spray coating, 3D printing, layer by layer assembly can be imparted which
further promotes the practicability of the flexible piezo sensors. Therefore, the development of
wearable sensor offers a new paradigm to be implemented in the field of biomedical and
wearable sectors.
 Chemically functionalised Graphene for energy efficient lubricant and polymer
composite applications

Abstract: Graphene is a one-atom thick carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal honeycomb

lattice which can be extracted from graphite. Having thin layered structure, it exhibits small
molecular size, high thermal stability, high electrical conductivity, high flexibility, high specific
surface area, excellent tribological and rheological properties. Therefore, it is considered as the
potential additive material for aqueous/non-aqueous lubrication as well as for polymer
composites.
Chemically functionalised graphene easily disperses in different organic/aqueous media
without much effort. Presence of different functional groups of the surface modifying agents
not only facilitates better dispersion but, also improve the tribolologial properties. Suitably
functionalized graphene-based lubricant exhibits improved friction co-efficient compared to
the base fluid. In addition, chemically derived graphene acts as solid lubricant for different
metallic surfaces.
Chemically functionalised graphene is widely used as reinforcing filler to develop the both
thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer composite. Homogeneously dispersed graphene filled
polymer composites exhibit improved mechanical, thermal, rheological, electrical etc.
properties compared to the neat polymer. Interestingly, very low content (0.2 to 0.5 wt%) of
graphene if very effective in enhancing the physicochemical properties of the composite
materials. This is attributed to the large specific surface area of graphene-based materials.
 Faculty Name: Dr. Ved Prakash

Development of Semi Solid extrusion process.

Abstract:
Extrusion is used to create parts of homogeneous cross-section and it is carried out by
pressing a metal billet through a die of desired cross section under high pressure. It requires a
compressive force, which is applied through a plunger to push the metal billet towards die.
Extrusion is carried out by heating the billet or the billet in room temperature. Presently,
emphasis has been given by the researcher to carry out extrusion of rheocast billet. There are
several advantages of using Semi solid (SS) extrusion of rheocast billet e.g. lower
compressive force, higher flow ability, lower frictional force between the die and billet
material etc. In addition, semi-solid extrusion does not require large machines, which results
in lower production costs. In semi solid extrusion process, the billets having globular grains
are extruded at a temperature between the solidus and liquids temperature of the alloy.A
number of studies of mechanical behavior shows that SS technology can produce items with
higher strength and ductility than their conventionally produced counterparts. Inherent
characteristic of rheocasting process, the billet produce is free from shrinkage porosity, less
constitutional segregation and minimal hot tearing tendency. The cost of the die will be
reduced by enhancing die life by reducing friction in this process. As a result, less expensive
die materials can be used and less power is required to process the semi-solid billet during
extrusion. Semi solid processing technology has achieved considerable advancements since
its discovery in 1973. Only a few materials have been selected for SS processing to produce
commercial products mainly in the automotive sector. However, there is a demand to widen
the existing aluminum alloys for this process.
 Tentative PhD topic

GUIDE : DR PALASH KUMAR MAJI, CHIEF SCIENTIST

CO-GUIDE: DR AMIT KUMAR, PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST
Tentative PhD Topic: LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITE HYBRID STRUCTURES FOR
MORTAR BARREL APPLICATION
Tentative Abstract:
Development of lightweight composite materials is one of the prevalent research topic to
achieve excellent strength-to-weight ratios in automobile, aircraft, healthcare, defence sector
etc. In defence sector composite gun barrels are nowadays an advanced feature in high
performance gun to achieve superior strength, rigidity, lighter weight and improved thermal
response.

Similarly lightweight composite structure of Mortar Barrel is of long awaited demand in

defence sector as well as ordnance factories of our country. In comparision to gun barrel,
long range Mortar Barrel undergoes very high propulsion pressure generated due to
propellant detonation inside it, leading to complex interior ballistics phenomenon. Estimation
of fatigue life of barrel is very critical considering high cyclic load and thermal stress. Thus
design of suitable lightweight composite Mortar Barrel is very much challenging. In present
research, computational modeling work can be explored regarding lightweight composite
hybrid structure for a particular mortar barrel.
 Study on mitigation of temperature growth due to thermoelastic instability
Dr Pranab Samanta, EM&TRG

Thermoelastic instability, also known as TEI, is a phenomenon that occurs in mechanical

components subjected to cyclic thermal and mechanical sliding loading. This TEI is mostly
found in sliding systems in high-stress environments like brake pads, clutches, rail wheels,
bearings, metal seals, electrical brushes, gears, etc. There are a lot of experimental as well as
theoretical studies on TEI. Very little has been done to mitigate the TEI phenomenon.

The objectives of the topic are to find a new method of mitigation and analyze it to prove its
effectiveness. For this, a theoretical model is to be developed, and the results are to be validated
with existing results.