Advance Unit

1/27/24, 10:13 AM SIS 2.
When spring seat (6) is moved, by a change in load or speed, dashpot spring (5) moves piston (4)
in cylinder (3). The cylinder and oil reservoir (2) are full of oil. As piston (4) moves, it causes oil to be
moved in or out of the cylinder through needle valve (1) and oil reservoir (2).
Needle valve (1) gives restriction to oil flow to and from cylinder (3). This causes a restriction to the
movement of piston (4) and spring seat (6). The faster the governor tries to move spring seat (6),
the greater the resistance the dashpot gives to the spring seat movement.
Automatic Timing Advance Unit
4W4619 Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Before Timing Advance Begins)

(1) Spring. (2) Flyweights. (3) Timing gear. (4) Carrier. (5) Fuel injection pump camshaft. (6) Screw. (7) Setscrew. (8)
Spring. (9) Bolt. (10) Ring. (11) Ring. (12) Spool. (13) Body.
The automatic timing advance unit connects the drive end of the fuel injection pump camshaft with
the timing gears in the front of the engine. The unit uses the engines oil pressure to change the fuel
injection timing according to engine speed. This gives better combustion of the fuel at all levels of
engine operation.
The automatic timing advance unit is connected to fuel injection pump camshaft (5) with four bolts
(9). Bolts (9) pull rings (10) and (11) together to hold timing gear (3). Carrier (4) has straight splines
on its inside diameter. The outer splines are in contact with the straight splines of ring (10) and the
inner splines are in contact with helical splines on fuel injection pump camshaft (5). When the
https://sis2.cat.com/#/print-preview/service/10e9b018-12dd-40f4-8f06-18c7d764d233 17/37
1/27/24, 10:13 AM SIS 2.0
engine is started, timing gear (3) drives fuel injection pump camshaft (5) through ring (10) and
carrier (4).
As the engine is run at a steady rpm (such as low idle speed), the centrifugal force of flyweight (2)
and the force of spring (8) are equal. At this point, spool (12) is held in position to close the oil
PIP
passage in body. Engine lubrication oil flows through the fuel injection pump housing and through a
202 -1046
passage in fuel injection pump camshaft (5) into body (13) and is stopped by spool (12). At this point
the oil cannot move body (13) and carrier (4). Spring (1) holds carrier (4) toward the fuel injection
pump and the fuel injection timing is not advanced.
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Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Timing Advance Begins)

When the engine speed increases to the point where the force of flyweights (2) is greater than the
force of spring (8), the flyweights move spool (12) to the left. This is the start of advance. The rpm at
which advance starts is adjusted by screw (6). Screw (6) controls the force of spring (8). The spool
opens ports in body (13) which allows engine lubrication oil to flow out of camshaft (5) through the
body and put oil pressure on body (13) and carrier (4). When the pressure of the oil becomes
greater than the force of spring (1), the body and carrier begin to move to the left. Carrier (4) has
straight splines on its outside diameter and helical splines on its inside diameter. The outer carrier
splines are in contact with straight splines in ring (10) and the inner splines are in contact with
helical splines on fuel injection pump camshaft (5). As carrier (4) is forced to the left by oil pressure,
is slides between the splines on ring (10) and the splines on camshaft (5). The helical splines on the
1/27/24, 10:13 AM SIS 2.0
camshaft and carrier cause the camshaft to turn in relation to timing gear (3). This action causes the
fuel injection timing to be advanced.
Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Maximum Timing Advance)

As the engine speed increases, carrier (4), body (13), spool (12) and flyweights (2) continue to
move toward the left until spool (12) makes contact with setscrew (7). Body (13) moves to the left
until the oil ports close. Maximum fuel injection timing advance is adjusted and limited by setscrew
(7).
1/27/24, 10:13 AM SIS 2.0
Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Retard Timing Advance)

When the engine speed drops, the force of spring (8) may be greater than the force of flyweights
(2). If the spring force is greater it will push spool (12) to the right. This will block the lubrication oil
pressure in body (13) and allow the oil between the body and camshaft to drain out of the automatic
timing advance unit. Spring (1) will move carrier, body, flyweight and spool to the right. This will
cause fuel injection pump camshaft (5) to turn in relation to timing gear (3). The action causes the
fuel injection timing to be retarded.
Air Inlet And Exhaust System

Advance Unit

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Advance Unit

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1/27/24, 10:13 AM SIS 2.

Automatic Timing Advance Unit

4W4619 Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Before Timing Advance Begins)

Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Timing Advance Begins)

Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Maximum Timing Advance)

Automatic Timing Advance Unit (Retard Timing Advance)

Air Inlet And Exhaust System

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