1.

Khái niệm:
Câu tường thuật là dạng câu diễn đạt lại ý nghĩa hoặc thông tin của
người khác
[Mệnh đề tường thuật] + (that) +[Mệnh đề được tường
thuật lại]
Ví dụ:
 She said, "I am going to the store.” (Cô ấy nói: “Tôi đang tới cửa

hàng.”)
→ She said that she was going to the store. ( She said that she was
going to the store.)
 "Are you coming to the party?" he asked. (Anh ấy hỏi: “Bạn đang

tới bữa tiệc à?”)

→ He asked if I was coming to the party. (Anh ấy hỏi tôi có đến dự
bữa tiệc không.)
 "I have never been to Japan," he admitted. (Anh ấy thừa nhận: “Tôi

chưa bao giờ tới Nhật Bản.”)

→ He admitted that he had never been to Japan. (Anh thừa nhận
rằng anh chưa bao giờ đến Nhật Bản.)
* Các động từ tường thuật thường xuất hiện: Say, tell, ask,
request, wonder, admit, announce, promise
2. Quy tắc lùi thì câu gián tiếp:
 Present simple (Hiện tại đơn) → Past simple (Quá khứ đơn)

Ví dụ: "I am a student," she says. (Cô ấy nói: “Tôi là sinh viên.”)
→ She said (that) she was a student. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô ấy là sinh
viên.)

 Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) → Past continuous (Quá

khứ tiếp diễn)

Ví dụ: "I am studying," he says. (Anh ấy nói: “Tôi đang học")

→ He said (that) he was studying. (Anh ấy nói (rằng) anh ấy đang học.)

 Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành) → Past perfect (Quá khứ
hoàn thành)
Ví dụ: "I have finished my work," she says. (Cô ấy nói: “Tôi đã hoàn
thành công việc.”)
→ She said (that) she had finished her work. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô ấy đã
hoàn thành công việc.)

 Past simple (Quá khứ đơn) → Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn
thành)

Ví dụ: "I finished my homework," she said. (Cô ấy nói: “Tôi đã hoàn
thành bài về nhà.”)
→ She said (that) she had finished her homework. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô
ấy đã hoàn thành bài về nhà.)

 Present perfect continuous (Hiệu tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) →

Past perfect continuous (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

Ví dụ: "I have been working here for five years," she said. (Cô ấy nói:
“Tôi đã làm việc ở đây được 5 năm.)

→ She said (that) she had been working there for five years. (Cô ấy nói
rằng cô ấy đã làm việc ở đó được 5 năm.)

 Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) → Past perfect continuous

(Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

Ví dụ: “We have been waiting," they say. (“Chúng tôi đã chờ đợi,” họ
nói.)

→ They said (that) they had been waiting. (Họ nói (rằng) họ đã chờ đợi.)

 Will → Would

Ví dụ: "I will help you," he says. ("Tôi sẽ giúp bạn," anh ấy nói.)

→ He said (that) he would help me. (Anh ấy nói (rằng) anh ấy sẽ giúp
tôi.)

 Can → Could
Ví dụ: "I can swim," she says. ("Tôi có thể bơi," cô ấy nói)

→ She said (that) she could swim. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô ấy có thể bơi.)

 Must/Have to → Had to

Ví dụ: "I must go," he says. ("Tôi phải đi," anh ấy nói.)

→ He said (that) he had to go. (Anh ấy nói (rằng) anh ấy phải đi.)

 May → Might

Ví dụ: "I may come," she says. ("Tôi có thể sẽ đến," cô ấy nói.)

→ She said (that) she might come. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô ấy có thể sẽ đến.)

3. Chuyển đổi đại từ nhân xưng và đại từ tân ngữ tương

ứng:

3.1. Đại từ chủ ngữ (Subject pronouns)

 I → He/She

Ví dụ: "I am happy," he said. (“Tôi đang vui,” anh ấy nói.)

→ He said (that) he was happy. (Anh ấy nói (rằng) anh ấy hạnh phúc.)

 You → I/We/They

Ví dụ: “You are my friend," she said. (Cậu là bạn của tôi,” cô ấy nói.)

→ She said (that) I was her friend. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) tôi là bạn của cô
ấy.)

 We → We/They

Ví dụ: "We like pizza," they said. (“Chúng tôi thích pizza,” họ nói.)

→ They said (that) they liked pizza. (Họ nói (rằng) họ thích pizza.)
3.2. Đại từ tân ngữ (Object pronouns)

 Me → Him/Her

Ví dụ: "He asked me a question," she said. (“Anh ấy hỏi tôi một câu hỏi,”
cô ấy nói.)

→ She said (that) he had asked her a question. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) anh ấy
đã hỏi cô ấy một câu hỏi.)

 You → Me/Us/Them

Ví dụ: “I saw you yesterday," she said. (“Tôi đã nhìn thấy bạn ngày hôm
qua," cô ấy nói.)

→ She said (that) she had seen me yesterday. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) cô ấy đã
gặp tôi ngày hôm qua.)

 Us → Us/Them

“They invited us to the party," we said. (“Họ đã mời chúng tôi tới bữa
tiệc,” chúng tôi nói.)

→ We said (that) they had invited us to the party."(Chúng tôi đã nói

(rằng) họ đã mời chúng tôi đến bữa tiệc.)

3.3. Đại từ sở hữu (Possessive pronouns)

 My → His/Her

“This is my book,” he said. (“Đây là cuốn sách của tôi,” anh ấy nói.)

→ He said (that) that was his book." (Anh ấy nói (rằng) đó là cuốn sách
của anh ấy.)

 Your → My/Our/Their
Ví dụ: "This is your book," she said to me. ("Đây là cuốn sách của bạn,"
cô ấy nói với tôi.)

→ She told me (that) this was my book. (Cô ấy nói với tôi (rằng) đây là
cuốn sách của tôi.)

 Our → Our/ Their

Ví dụ: "These are our books," they said. (Họ nói: “Đây là sách của
chúng tôi”.)

→ They said (that) these were their books." (Họ nói (rằng) đây là sách
của họ.)

3.4. Tính từ sở hữu (Possessive adjectives)

 Mine → His/Hers

Ví dụ: “This pen is mine,” she said.

→ She said (that) that pen was hers."

 Yours → Mine/Ours/Theirs

Ví dụ: “This house is yours," I said to them.

→ I said (that) this house was theirs."

 Ours → Ours/Theirs

Ví dụ: "This house is ours," they said. (Họ nói: “Ngôi nhà này là của
chúng tôi”.)

→ They said (that) that house was theirs. (Họ nói (rằng) ngôi nhà đó là
của họ.)

3.5. Đại từ chỉ định (Demonstratives pronouns)

  This → that

Ví dụ: “This is my friend," she said. (“Đây là bạn tôi,” cô nói.)

→ She said (that) that was her friend. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) đó là bạn cô ấy.)

 These → those

Ví dụ: "These are my shoes,"" she said.

→ She said (that) those were her shoes. (Cô ấy nói (rằng) đó là đôi giày
của cô ấy.)

4. Đổi trạng ngữ cho câu gián tiếp:

 Here => There
 This => That
 These => Those
 Now => Then/ at the moment
 Today/ tonight => That day/ that night
 Tomorrow => The next day
 Next week => The following week
 This week => That week
 Yesterday => The previous day/ the day before
 Last day => The day before
 Last week => The week before
 Ago => Before
 The day before => Two days before
5. Các dạng cấu trúc câu gián tiếp thường gặp:
5.1 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu:

Cấu trúc chung: Chủ ngữ + động từ tường thuật (tell, ask, command,
request, order) + đại từ tân ngữ + to V-inf.

Ví dụ 1: Câu trực tiếp: "Please close the window," he said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He asked me to close the window.

Ví dụ 2: Câu trực tiếp: "Don't be late," she said to him.

→ Câu gián tiếp: She told him not to be late.

5.2 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng trần thuật:

Câu gián tiếp dạng trần thuật (indirect speech) là cách trình bày ý
kiến, suy nghĩ, hoặc câu nói của người khác một cách không trực
tiếp

Cấu trúc chung: Chủ ngữ + Động từ tường thuật (say, tell,...) + (that)
+ mệnh đề

Ví dụ 1: Câu trực tiếp: "I love ice cream," he said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He said (that) he loved ice cream.

Ví dụ 2: Câu trực tiếp: "I will study English tomorrow," she said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: She said (that) she would study English the next day.

5.3 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi:

5.3.1 Yes/No question

Cấu trúc chung: Chủ ngữ + động từ tường thuật (ask, inquire,
wonder, want to know, etc.) + từ liên kết (if, whether) + câu hỏi/mệnh
đề được tường thuật lại.

Ví dụ 1: Câu trực tiếp: "Will it rain tomorrow?" he wondered.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He wondered if/whether it would rain tomorrow.

Ví dụ 2: Câu trực tiếp: "Can you speak French?" they asked Lan.

→ Câu gián tiếp: They asked Lan if/whether she could speak French.

5.3.2 Wh-question
Cấu trúc chung: Chủ ngữ + động từ tường thuật (ask, inquire,
wonder, want to know, etc.) + từ liên kết (wh- words) + câu hỏi/mệnh
đề được tường thuật lại.

Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp: "Where are you going?" she asked.

→ Câu gián tiếp: She asked where I was going.

5.4 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng câu cảm thán
Câu gián tiếp dạng câu cảm thán thường biểu thị cảm xúc, ngạc
nhiên, khen ngợi hoặc phê phán về một sự kiện hoặc tình huống.

Cấu trúc chung: Chủ ngữ + Động từ tường thuật (exclaim, say,
remark, express) + từ "how" hoặc "what" + mệnh đề cảm thán.

Ví dụ 1: Câu trực tiếp: "What a surprise it is to see you here!" they

exclaimed.

→ Câu gián tiếp: They exclaimed what a surprise it was to see me there.

Ví dụ 2: Câu trực tiếp: "How strange the weather is today!" she said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: She said how strange the weather was that day.

6. Những trường hợp câu gián tiếp đặc biệt

6.1 Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3

Trong trường hợp của câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 trong câu trực tiếp,
chúng ta giữ nguyên cấu trúc và thì của câu điều kiện khi chuyển
đổi sang câu gián tiếp, chỉ thay đổi chủ ngữ và các từ chỉ thời gian
phù hợp với ngữ cảnh của câu gián tiếp.

Ví dụ 1: Câu trực tiếp: "If I had more money, I would travel around the
world," she said.
→ Câu gián tiếp: She said (that) if she had more money, she would travel
around the world.

Ví dụ 2: Câu trực tiếp: "If she had studied harder, she would have passed
the exam," he said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He said (that) if she had studied harder, she would have
passed the exam.

6.2 Quá khứ giả định

Trong trường hợp quá khứ giả định trong câu trực tiếp, chúng ta cần sử
dụng quá khứ phân từ để diễn đạt điều kiện trong câu gián tiếp. Dưới đây
là một ví dụ kèm theo giải thích:

Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp: "I wish I had studied harder," she said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: She said (that) she wished she had studied harder.

6.3 Câu trực tiếp có chứa could, should, might, used to, ought
to, would rather, had better,...

Khi câu trực tiếp chứa các từ như "could", "should", "might", "used to",
"ought to", "would rather", "had better",... Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp
sang câu gián tiếp là chúng ta giữ nguyên các từ này cũng như động từ
chính, chỉ điều chỉnh chủ ngữ và thì của động từ tường thuật phù hợp với
ngữ cảnh của câu gián tiếp.

Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp: "I could swim when I was five," he said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He said (that) he could swim when he was five.

6.4 Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, một tình huống không
đổi

Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý hoặc một tình huống không đổi,
chúng ta thường sử dụng các cụm từ như "always”, "never", "every day",
"every year", "forever", "constantly", "eternally", "permanently", và "for
eternity". Khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta giữ nguyên thì động
từ.

Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp: "The sun rises in the east," he said.

→ Câu gián tiếp: He said (that) the sun rises in the east.

Bài tập 1: Vận dụng kiến thức về công thức câu trực tiếp gián tiếp, chọn chữ cái
đứng trước câu trả lời đúng

1. She said, "I am going to the cinema tonight."

A. She says she was going to the cinema that night.

B. She said she is going to the cinema that night.

C. She said she was going to the cinema that night.

D. She says she is going to the cinema tonight.

2. "Could you pass me the salt?" he asked.

A. He asked if I can pass him the salt.

B. He asked if he can pass me the salt.

C. He asked if I could pass him the salt.

D. He asks if I could pass him the salt.

3. "I don't like coffee," she said.

A. She said she didn't like coffee.

B. She says she doesn't like coffee.

C. She said she doesn't like coffee.

D. She says she didn't like coffee.

4. "Have you finished your homework?" he asked.

A. He asked if I have finished my homework.

B. He asked if I had finished my homework.

C. He asked if I finish my homework.

D. He asks if I finished my homework.

5. "I will visit my grandparents next weekend," he said.

A. He said he will visit his grandparents next weekend.

B. He said he would visit his grandparents the following weekend.

C. He says he will visit his grandparents next weekend.

D. He says he would visit his grand

parents the following weekend.

6. "Have you finished reading the book yet?" she asked.

She asked if I finished reading the book yet.

B. She asked if I have finished reading the book yet.

C. She asked if I had finished reading the book yet.

D. She asked if I have been finished reading the book yet.

Bài tập 2: Điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu dưới đây

1. "I will help you," he said to her.

→ He said to her _______.

1. "Please don't make so much noise," she said.

→ She asked _______.

1. "I didn't eat breakfast this morning," he said.

→ He said _______.

1. "Why did you leave so early?" she asked him.

→ She asked him _______.

1. "Have you seen my keys?" he asked her.

→ He asked her _______.

Bài tập 3: Chuyển các câu sau thành câu gián tiếp

1. "When is your birthday?" she asked.

2. "Why did you quit your job?" he asked her.
3. "Do you speak French?" the tourist asked the local.
4. "Have you seen my keys?" she asked him.
5. "What time does the train leave?" he asked the station attendant.
6. "Did you enjoy the concert?" she asked her friend.
7. "Where did you buy that book?" she asked.
8. "Will you help me with my homework?" he asked his sister.
9. "Can you pass me the salt?" he asked his friend.
10. "Is it going to rain today?" she asked the weather forecast.
Bài 4: Hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked...................................................................
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us...................................................................
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked...................................................................
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter...........................................
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend...................................................................
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
She wanted to know...................................................................
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted to know...................................................................
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know....................................................
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.
She asked me...................................................................
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me...................................................................
11. "What's the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
12. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
14. "Where did they live?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know .................................................. .
18. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know .................................................. .
19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins ..................................................
21. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
22. "Be patient," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
23. "Go to your room," her father said to her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
24. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
25. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
26. "Play it again, Sam," she said.
→ She asked Sam .................................................. .
27. "Sit down, Caron" he said.
→ He asked Caron .................................................. .
28. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest ............................ .
29. "Take off your shoes," she told us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
30. "Mind your own business," she told him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
31. "Don't touch it," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
32. "Don't do that again," he said to me.
→ He told me .................................................. .
33. "Don't talk to me like that," he said.
→ He told her .................................................. .
34. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him.
→ She warned him .................................................. .
35. "Don't let him in," she said.
→ She told me .................................................. .
36. "Don't go out without me," he begged her.
→ He begged her .................................................. .
37. "Don't forget your bag," she told me.
→ She told me .................................................. .
38. "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said.
→ The chemistry teacher told his students ........................... .
39. "Don't give yourself up," he advised her.
→ He advised her .................................................. .
40. "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said.
→ She told the boys .................................................. .
Bài 5: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive
1. She said, "Go upstairs."
→ She told me .................................................. .
2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.
→ He told me .................................................. .
3. "Don't be late," he advised us.
→ He advised us .................................................. .
4. "Stop staring at me," she said.
→ She told him .................................................. .
5. "Don't be angry with me," he said.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Leave me alone," she said.
→ She told me .................................................. .
7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us.
→ She warned us .................................................. .
8. "John, stop smoking," she said.
→ She told John .................................................. .
9. "Don't worry about us," they said.
→ They told her .................................................. .
10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
11. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said .................................................. .
12. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
13. "I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said .................................................. .
14. "Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me .................................................. .
15. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said that .................................................. .
16. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
→ She told .................................................. .
17. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
18. "I never make mistakes," he said.
→ He said .................................................. .
19. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.
→ He wanted .................................................. .
20. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised .................................................. .
21. "I was very tired," she said.
→ She said .................................................. .
22. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
→ She told .................................................. .
23. "I will get myself a drink," she says.
→ She said .................................................. .
24. "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
→ He wondered .................................................. .
25. "I cannot drive them home," he said.
→ He said .................................................. .
26. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
→ She asked .................................................. .
27. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
→ She asked .................................................. .
28. He said, "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her .................................................. .
29. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
→ He wanted .................................................. .
30. "Don't make so much noise," he says.
→ He asked .................................................. .