DPR Oddanchatram FINAL REVISED - 23.12.2021 MERGED

C entral Sector scheme for formation and
promotion of 10K FPOs
Oddanchatram Agro Farmer Producer Company Limited
Detailed Project Report (DPR)

Oddanchatram block in Dindigul district of Tamilnadu
Submitted by Submitted to
Coodu Trust - CBBO The Managing Director

74, Thadicombu Road, Dindigul - 624 001 Tamil Nadu. Director of Agricultural Marketing
Tel: 0451-2901062 and Agri Bussiness / TNSFAC
Email: coodutrustindia@gmail.com Guindy,
Web Site: www.coodutrust.org Chennai - 600032.
Central Sector scheme for formation
and promotion of 10K FPOs
Oddanchatram block in Dindigul district of Tamilnadu
Submitted to
The Managing Director

Director of Agricultural Marketing and Agri Bussiness / TNSFAC
Guindy,
Chennai - 600032.
Submitted by
Coodu Trust - CBBO

74, Thadicombu Road, Dindigul - 624 001 Tamil Nadu.
Tel: 0451-2901062
Email: coodutrustindia@gmail.com
Web Site: www.coodutrust.org
1. Executive Summary, Background, Block and district Profile 1
1.1 Executive Summary 1

1.2 Background 14
1.3 Block and district Profile 16
2. General Information of the block and project cluster. 17
2.1 Education Status 18

2.2 Occupational Details 18
2.3 Socio-economic Profile 19
2.4 Land use Patterns (Acres/Ha) 19
2.5 Land holding 20
2.6 Mode of transportation. 20
3. Economics of Agriculture - Cropping Pattern. Costing, input, and output
21
ratios, yields and current productivity
4. Production Practices 22
4.1 Availability of Basic amenities: Electricity, Internet and Water 22

4.2 Climate and Soil 22
4.3 Soil Types 22
4.4 Availability of inputs 23
4.5 Access to Pre and Post Harvest Facilities 23
4.6 Availability of surplus crops for sale (Top 5 Crops) 24
5. Financial Aspects - Sources, terms and conditions, interest and existing

outstanding, access to government programs 25
5.1 Sources of Finance available to Farmers 25

5.2 Access to Government Programs (Latest cumulative figure) 26
6. Risk Aspects - Historical risks, computation of losses due to risk, coping 26
mechanisms
6.1 Historical Risks 26

6.2 Coping and Mitigating mechanism 27
7. Marketing Aspects – Channels of marketing, margins and costs at various
levels, quality aspects, price sensitivity, seasonality of markets, alternate 27
market structure, present and future demand of product.
7.1 Channels of Marketing 27
7.2 Presence of weekly Haats and Garmin Bazaars in the Block if any, 27
7.3 Presence of Village level traders 28
7.4 Presence of Processing and Quality Assaying facilities in Clusters nearby 28
7.5 Value Chain Study 28
7.5.1 Gaps identified in value chain study 29
7.5.2 Availability of storage infrastructure 31
8. Best Practices 31
9. Constraints and Challenges (SWOT) 33
10. Scope for Interventions along with Convergence. 34
11. Scope of convergence 38
12. Conclusion 39
13. Photographs of meetings held with details 40
14. Annexures
Annexure 1: Farmer stakeholders consulted 44
Annexure 2: Government and other stakeholders consulted 46
Annexure 3: Questionnaire schedule format for Baseline survey 47
Coodu Trust - DPR Oddanchatram - Dindigul dt.
1. Executive Summary, Background and Block Profile

1.1 Executive Summary
The Coodu Trust, CBBO, Dindigul district, for TNSFAC for forming FPOs, formed
Oddanchatram Agro Farmer Producer Company Limited at Ambilikai and
Thangachiammapatty cluster and DPR is prepared.
District and Block Details
Dindigul district is located between 10005” and 10009” North Latitude and 77030” and
78020” east Longitude sprawling over an area of 6266.64 square kilometers. Dindigul
District is bounded by Erode, Tirupur, Karur and Trichy districts on the North, by
Sivagangai and Trichy District on the East, by Madurai District on the South and by
Theni and Coimbatore Districts and Kerala State on the West. It is spread over on
area of 6266.64 Sq. Km. Dindigul District comprises 3 Revenue Divisions, 10 Taluks,
14 Panchayat Unions, one Corporation, 3 Municipalities and 23 Town Panchayat.
According to 2011 census, The total population is 21,59,775 with an average MSL is
(+) 280 M. The plains experience the tropical climate and Semi-arid condition and hill
area experience sub-tropical climate. The mean annual rainfall is 836mm. The
district is bestowed with black and red soils supporting variety agricultural crops like
Cholam, (6162.445 Ha) Maize, (3494.845 Ha) cotton, (1298.51 Ha) Groundnut (606
Ha), Green gram (47.08 Ha), Black gram, (131.8 Ha) and also horticultural crops like
Tomato, (491 Ha) Brinjal, (95.4 Ha) Mango (318.5 Ha) Banana (102.2 Ha). The net
sown area of the district is 215462 ha.
Oddanchatram Block of Dindigul District in Tamilnadu has an area of 508.51 square

kilometers encompassing 50851 Ha. The block boundary latitudes are 10.4897oN
and longitudes are 7707544oE.
Oddanchatram Block had population of 136581 of which male and female were
68102 and 68479 respectively as per the latest Census carried out in the year 2011.
51222 members have taken agriculture as their main occupation. Semi-arid and
tropical monsoon type of climate is prevailing in the block. The general climate of the
block is characterized by Hot and Dry summers and cold winters
The block is called the vegetable bowl of Tamil nadu and it has the famous Gandhi
Market and Kamarajar market. The crop is cultivated year-round. The mean annual
rainfall of the block is 794mm.The block encompasses plains and low range hills of
the lower Palani hill range.
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Dindigul District Map
Oddanchatram Block Map
2
Cluster Map
The selected project cluster Ambilikai and Thangachiammapatty has an area of 23.9
sq. km covering 2446.5 Ha with a total population of 9345. The total cultivable area of
the block is 32606 Ha and the number of persons who have taken agriculture as their
main occupation is 2016 with 47.22% marginal and 20.16% small farmers.
All types of transport facilities are available in the block and cluster enjoys the same
facilities barring train.
Economics of Agriculture - Cropping Pattern, costing, input and output ratios,

yields and current productivity
Avg.
Prod
Sl. Season % area Cost of Selling
Sowing Harvest Prod. Yield Cost Profit
No Crop Kharif/ under cultivatio Price
period period MT MT/ Ha Rs. Rs. /Ha
. Rabi crop n /Ha Rs.
/MT
/MT
1 Cholam Rabi Sept - Jan 13.80 110.95 2.03 32570 4049 20600 133054
oct (3.81)
2 Maize Rabi Sept - Jan 316.60 3298 10.418 54538 5235 15930 111420
oct (87.53)
3 Onion Kharif June Sept 22.85 388.45 17 175000 10295 60000 845000
(Small) (6.32)
4 Drumstick Yearly Jul - Mar- 4.04 181.8 45 110000 4400 80000 349000
(Annual) sep June (1.12)
5 Tomato Kharif May - Aug - 4.23 211.5 50 61000 1220 10000 439000
June Sept (1.17)
Summer Nov - Mar - Apr

Dec
3
Availability of inputs:
The availability of inputs to farmers namely Fertilisers, Pesticides, Seeds, and

Nurseries are well supplied through well-established input dealers. Farm machinery
like welders, sowing implements, and harvesting machinery are available at hiring
charges. Six input dealers are supplying seeds, fertilizers and seeds at our cluster
area itself.
Access to Pre and Post Harvest Facilities:

Soil Testing Laboratory is available at Dindigul, about 30 km from Oddanchatram
town. KVK is located at Gandhigram Rural Institute (DTBU), Gandhigram, Dindigul,
which is located 39 KM from Oddanchatram. Training halls are available at the
Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Oddanchatram. Tamil Nadu
Agriculture University is having two stations nearby to the block, namely Maize
Research Station, TNAU, Vagarai at 20 KM from the cluster and Horticultural
Research Station, Thadiyankudisai about 30 KM from Oddanchatram. Horticulture
College and Research Institute, Periyakulam are located at a distance of 75 KM. One
APMC mandi is present in the block. It has 3 procurement centres, 4 packing centers
and 5 collection centres and 5 processing centres.
Availability of surplus crops for sale (Top 5 Crops)

The district produces free surplus crops in Maize, Cotton, Drumstick, Tomato and
Chilli to an extent of 36409.2497.41,16780, 19640 and 8783 MT respectively. Maize
and Cotton surplus is available during Rabi season .Drumstick surplus is available
throughout the year .Tomato iavailableable during Kharif and summer whilst chilli is
available during Rabi and Kharif.
Sources of Finance available to Farmers

Nationalized and private banks namely State Bank of India, Bank of India, Indian
Overseas Bank, Indian Bank Union Bank, City Union Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank ,
Tamilnadu Mercantile Bank are available in the block. Indian Overseas Bank and
Lakshmi Vilas Bank are available in the cluster. Cooperative banks also exist in the
block.
Other terms and conditions for extension of farm loans and difficulties faced
by farmers (if any)
The repayment has to be done in the prescribed period with interest without giving
consideration to Drought or flood or nature - induced disasters.
Access to Government Programs (Latest cumulative figure):

The farmers has access only to certain government programmes namely, PM
Kisan(Block-17864 members and Cluster-297 members), MSDA (Block-7400
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members and Cluster-118 members) and PMKSY (Block-2150 members and

Cluster-42 members).
Risk Aspects
Gaja Cyclone is the recent historical risk affecting 53 farmers in the cluster
Coping and mitigating mechanism: Measures available to compensate the losses

occurred like crop insurance etc
Drought is the major recurrent problem in the area that can be overwhelmed by
rainwater harvesting and MI techniques.
Marketing Aspects
Oddanchatram market is the largest vegetable market in Tamil Nadu in terms of

direct procurement from farmers. Major retail chains have set up centres here to feed
their outlets across south India. However, these large retail chains have not been
able to make a dent in the dominance of traditional buyers.
The vegetable market Gandhi Vegetable market and Kamaraj vegetable market.
Facilitate the farmers to get good value for their product and they face less transport
and procuring cost of selling these products in local mandi-house. With these kinds of
conditions, this marketplace has a list of vegetables with most economical rates. Not
only vegetables but people also sell flowers to the same marketplace. Middleman job
is almost cut at this place and a nearby village and town area’s farmers come here
personally to sell their stuff. This cost-cutting has a huge advantage over end user
and the inflation rate is maintained due to this to a large extent.
Oddanchatram vegetablemarket.com gives the information to end users to cross-

check the price list each day. Oddanchatram Gandhi market started in 1977 which
occupies an area of 4.5 acres. Market arrives upto 2000 tonnnes per day during peak
season; mostly 60% of the products are exported to other states.
Oddanchatram Gandhi market & Kamaraj market vegetable price list is something,
which serves a wide range of audience daily onwards. You can also have the liability
to compare the current prices with the old one. These price lists are maintained daily
onwards so there would not be any issues to find the desired vegetable with the
current price. The page is maintained in Tamil as well as English to make it easier for
local residents.
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List of Vegetables
1. Lemon 14. Senai Kilangu 27. Radish 40. Green Chilli
2. Tomato 15. Mangai Inji 28. Beans 41. Cauliflower
3. Small Onion 16. Karunai Kilangu 29. Carrot 42. Ginger
4. Lady Finger 17. Drumstick 30. Green Pulses 43. Small Tuber
beans
5. Tree Drumstick 18. Green Brinjal 31. Zucchini 44. White Pumpkin
6. Plant Drumstick 19. OOrutu Manga 32. Gourd 45. Blue Brinjal
7. Butter Beans 20. Kalla Manga 33. Cucumber 46. Banana Thar
8. Colocasia 21. White Pulses 34. Beetroot 47. Curry Leaves
9. Soya beans 22. Bitter Gourd 35. Potato 48. Bellary
10. Butter Soya 23. Nookal 36. Kovakkai 49. Gourd
11. Chaw Chaw 24. Cluster Beans 37. Coriander 50. Sambar Pumpkin
12. Narthangai 25. Gooseberry 38. Cabbage
13. Green Peas 26. Garlic 39. Coconut
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Channels of Marketing: Oddanchatram Block
Oddanchatram Regulated Market is located at Oddanchatram itself.
Gramin Bazars are found in Oddanchatram town itself, Oddanchatram weekly Market
for vegetables. At odaipatty (13 KM), Marakampatty (26 Km) and Idayakottai (23 Km)
weekly market for vegetables, Cow, Poultry, Goat and sheep are existing which are
25 KM from Oddanchatram.
Value Chain Study
Value chain study showed the involvement of village level trader,APMC trader,
processor,Distributor, Retailer and Consumer.For onion crop the farmer gets Rs.35
per Kg whilst the consumer pays Rs45/kg.For drumctick the farmer gets Rs.14 per kg
whilst the consumer pay Rs.26 per Kg.
Gaps identified in value chain study
Technology adoption is lacking in all stages of crop production and post-harvesting

handling
Producer groups of farmers and FPOs are present in the block. But they to take-up in
marketing tie-ups. Market prices on daily basis although given through social media
and boards at Market, the farmers are not using the market intelligence.
Oddanchatram is a huge market from where the produces are transported to different
distance market. The farmers use the local farm produce market only.
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The warehouses and storage facilities are not sufficiently utilized by the farmers.
Logistics especially is sufficiently available with the private sector.
Farm machinery for sowing of maize, weeding and harvesting are not utilized by
small and marginal farmers. For other crops, only farm mechanization usage is very
minimal.Frequent Drought is the vital problem exists in the region. Labour
unavailability , lack of availability of seeds of recent varieties and post harvest
handling are some of the problems identified here.
Pre- and Post-harvest best practices adopted by the farmers in the block
Oddanchatram is reputed for the cultivation of vegetables especially Onion,

Drumstick and Maize crop.
In irrigated area Maize crop is cultivated throughout the year. Under Rainfed
condition Maize is cultivated during NE monsoon period. The major hybrids used by
the farmers are private hybrids. Fall army worm is the major threat to maize crop
incurring a loss upto 80 %.In some areas the maize is sown during June-July
followed by the sowing of onion and moringa during November. Many farmers are
cultivating the maize and onion/drumstick in separate areas.
Onion is grown during the rabi season and in some irrigated areas it is also cultivated
during June-July if water is available, Drumstick is sown during November with PKM1
variety seeds.
Annual moringa is the main crop in several villages of this block. Every year sowing
will be taken up along with onion as an intercrop during November. The onion crop is
harvested followed by the moringa . The moringa tree is uprooted completely.
Despite the annual moringa is a three-year-old crop, here farmers are cultivating
them as an annual crop that fetches them to grow additional crops in the fields to
earn additional money.
The fruits and leaves of moringa is sold directly to the market immediately after
harvest.
Now the seed onion type is getting CO (On)5 is getting familiar with farmers. The
seed cost is around Rs.1500/whilst if the bulb is used for sowing then the seed input
cost will be Rs.6000 to 12000 depending on bulb cost.
Onion storage is prevalent amongst the onion growers and selling the onion with high
market price is noticed in this block.
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The farmers are readily adopting the new technologies, especially the use of hybrids
in vegetables released by government institutions and private companies. The
hybrids of tomato, Brinjal and okra are prevalently cultivated.
Cole crops like Cabbage, beetroot are also cultivated during winter.
Commercial Vegetable nurseries are growing the seedlings of improved hybrids of

vegetables at a commercial scale and sold to farmers. Farmers are using these
seedlings for planting thus reducing the nursery period, especially in tomato, chilies
and Brinjal.
The main market for Oddanchatram grown vegetables is Trichur, Kerala. Farmers
use hybrids/varieties that suit the market demand for the vegetables.
Maize is cultivated mainly with private hybrids and directly sold to middlemen.
Gloriosa superba, Glory lily, the state flower of Tamilnadu, is cultivated in this block.
It is a highly remunerative crop with high returns. Sowing is with tuber V-shaped will
be maintained in the field for more than 3 years. During October the sprouting will
start and then the seeds are harvested. Then it remains in the field ideal till next
season.
The blocks also include hilly terrain where French beans, Kapok maize Brinjal are
cultivated
Constraints and Challenges

a) Strengths
 The prevalence of favorable climate provides an ideal environment for an
array of agricultural and horticultural crops.
 The block has a good local market for its commodities especially for fruits
and vegetables since the well-known vegetable market of the State viz.,
Gandhi vegetable market is located in the block.
 The block has got favorable agro-climatic conditions for cultivation of
vegetables like tomato, onion, moringa, Brinjal, French beans, vegetable
cowpea, and medicinal plants like glory.
 Infrastructural facilities like good road facilities, electrification of villages, etc,
support the growth of agriculture and allied industries in the district
b) Weakness
 Agriculture in the block depends on monsoon rains. Hence, probability of
success is limited. Therefore, successful crop production depends heavily
on the success/failure of the monsoon thereby making agricultural
production at risk.
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 Limited availability of surface and groundwater is a major weakness for the

agricultural development .No perennial river exists
 The majority of the lands are fragmented.
 The increasing scarcity of labour due to tremendous increase in migration
from rural to urban areas
 Owing to the raise in the agricultural labor wages, many of the farmers tend
to shift from agricultural crops to perennial crops.
 The area under rain fed crops in the block has been increasing over the
years due to increasing scarcity of labour and stagnation in yield and
profitability of crops.
c) Opportunities
 There are ample opportunities to promote new crop varieties and new
technologies such as precision farming as the farmers are now educated on
these aspects and willing to adopt the new varieties and technologies.
 Similarly, there is an opportunity to introduce water-saving technologies in
irrigated agricultural systems in view of the huge seepage loss of water
during flood irrigation of the fields. There is also scope for introducing water-
saving technologies at the farm level especially for high water-intensive
crops
 Rainfed land agriculture has a good potential in this block by an appropriate
combination of crops, tree crops and livestock enterprises.
 Supporting institutions such as research stations, banking institutions,
agricultural inputs stores, farm machineries and state agricultural marketing
institutions, extension functionaries for agriculture, horticulture, animal
husbandry, fisheries, agricultural engineering etc., are available for the
development of the farming community.
d) Threats
 The increasing scarcity of water and labour in the block is a major threat to
expansion of irrigated agricultural production.
 Lack of water harvesting structures to harness the rain water is another
threat for sustaining irrigated agriculture in the district.
 Attractive urban employment opportunities not only absorb the agricultural
labour population but also the farmers as well which poses a major threat to
agricultural development.
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Scope for Interventions along with Convergence.
1. Training and capacity building

Training on ICM technologies of crops, Farm Mechanization, rain water
harvesting and adoption of MI are to disseminated through training.
2. Custom Hiring Centers and input shops

The Custom Hiring Centers are to be established at least one per panchayat with
machineries supporting operations namely, land preparation, sowing, Weeding,
Plant Protection, and harvesting especially suitable for Onion, Maize and
Moringa that are principal crops in the project area.
Enough access to input shops are available in the block and in the cluster.
3. Credit linkage
Credit linkage nationalized banks and primary cooperatives for regular annual
crop loans are availed by the farmers of the block. Tractor loans are availed by
entrepreneurs and medium to resource-rich farmers from the banks. Use of Kisan
cards is minimum. Activities to promote access credit linkage with special
schemes like Agricultural Infrastructural facility and other schemes. They should
be educated in credit resources access under various government schemes that
provide credit to specific activity.
4. Seed & crop production

Seed is crucial and basic input to increase crop yields per unit area. Availability of
quality seeds of improved cultivars is considered crucial for realizing productivity
and adoption of cultivars in different agro-climatic conditions.
It is estimated that good quality seeds for improved varieties will lead to an
increase of about 20-25% in yield. The seeds play a vital role in agriculture and
act as a carrier of the genetic potential of varieties Healthy seeds with genetic
purity, high seed vigor and good germination percentage should be made
available. To farmers during the sowing period. The timely availability of good
quality seeds at a reasonable price ensures good yield and profit to the farmers.
Quality seed production which follows efficient certification procedures plays a
major role in the increase of food production of our country. In the current
scenario, the demand for good quality certified seeds far exceeds the availability
in the market.
In Oddanchatram seed production in Onion Variety CO(On), 5 and PKM1, of

Annual Moringa offers immense potential in increasing the yield and profitability
of farmers. Seed Production in vegetables like French beans and pulses are to
be done through various schemes by the farmers in the farmer’s field itself. It has
definite scope for taking it as an entrepreneurship activity.
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5. Value addition and processing.
Value addition and processing is now the most important science that helps the
farmers to prevail over the fluctuating marketing price (Generally low during peak
harvesting season as the produce is flooded in the market), the low storage life of
produces and difficulty in the transport of large volume raw produce to distance
places. It also aids us to compete in the international market as we can produce
market-demand-driven products of different standards. Individual farmers
principally small and marginal farmers will face difficulty in practicing value
addition and marketing of the value-added products. FPO offers a massive
opportunity for value addition, marketing, and gaining more gains.
The Annual Moringa, one of the principal crops grown by the FPO farmers has a
large potential for value addition and has market-demand internationally.
Moringa is well known for its nutritive value in leaves, pods, and seeds. It
contains high protein content in the leaves, twigs, stems, and seeds. They are an
exceptionally good source of provitamin A, vitamins B and C, minerals
(particularly Iron) and sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. It is
commonly said that moringa leaves contain more Vitamin A than carrots, more
calcium than milk, more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges, and
more potassium than bananas,” and that the protein quality of Moringa leaves
rivals that of milk and eggs. However, the leaves and stem of M. oleifera are
known to have large amounts of their calcium bound in calcium oxalate crystals.
The various products of the moringa leaf are
1. Moringa Leaf-Leaf Powder, Leaf Juice, and sauce

2. Flower-Cooking and consumed as food
3. Pods- Edible
4. Seeds-Powder, Oil
These products are serving as raw materials for the preparation of various
products-Cosmetic, Medicinal. Supplementary foods chocolates and various food
materials.
The value addition of these produces will be done in the FPO through the
assistance of various schemes of the government. The government of Tamil
Nadu announced Export Zone for Exporting Moringa in which the Dindigul is also
one among the districts of export zone.
6. Market linkage and market information

Market linkage will be done with the local, National and International level of
market. In Oddanchatram market for fruits and vegetables is already established
that supplies the fruits, vegetables to different places of the Tamil Nadu state and
also to other states like Kerala, Pudhuchery Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and
Karnataka. Moringa is also supplied to Mumbai Market. The raw produce is alone
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in these market chain like fruits-Mango, Sapota and Amla, Vegetables namely
Tomato, Brinjal, Chillies, carrot and Potato.
Value-added products must be linked to the exporters or to be exported directly

as done in Guava of Palani block.
Market information is now very essential to perceive the current market price of
different produces on a daily basis of different markets-Local, National, and
International. Daily market prices will be disseminated through display boards of
public gatherings, Offices, and also through social media namely Whatsapp,
Telegram, and Facebook.
Convergence
1. Tamil Nadu Government Mezzanine Capital Assistance Scheme (TNGMCAS)

To increase the viability and sustainability of Farmer Producer Companies so as
to strengthen their corpus to avail credit facilities from financial institutions
Mezzanine Capital Assistance will augment the capital contribution of the FPC
members in their initial years for carrying out various business activities by
enhancing their margin money. The scheme will make available up to Rs.10.00
lakh for each FPC at a nominal interest rate of 4% per annum (to be paid every
year) which is repayable after 5 years.
2. Tamil Nadu State Credit Guarantee Scheme for Farmer Producer

Companies (TCGFPC)
This scheme facilitates access to credit facility, by providing collateral free loans
availed by FPCs from commercial banks and NABKISAN, through guarantee
coverage to the extent of 50%, for loan amount up to Rs.100 lakh.
3. Tamil Nadu Government Revolving Fund Scheme for Farmer Producer

Companies (TRFFPC)
Under the Scheme, NABKISAN will reimburse 1/3rd of the interest rate as
concessional rate of interest. The concessional interest benefit will be passed on
to the FPC at the end of the year, upon prompt repayment of interest and
principal installments, in the case of term loans and only after repayment of
principal, interest and other dues, if any, in the case of working capital loans.
4. Equity Grant Scheme, Government of India

To Enhance credit worthiness, viability and sustainability of FPCs and to Enhance
the shareholding of members to increase their ownership and participation in their
FPC Equity Grant Scheme extends support to the equity base of Farmer
Producer Companies (FPCs) by providing matching equity grants subject to
maximum of Rs. 15.00 lakh per FPC in two tranches with in a period of 3 Year
and to address nascent and emerging FPCs which have paid up capital not
exceeding Rs. 30.00 lakh with a view to the under noted primary objectives.
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Way Forward with regard to activities by the FPOs.
Effective possible pathway to address improved access to investments, technologies,

knowledge support, inputs, and markets. Benefit for farmer, community, and nation.
 Creating dynamic prosperous and sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry

and Non- farm sectors by promoting member-owned Producer Organizations,
 To enhance productivity through efficient, cost-effective and sustainable
resource use and realize higher returns for their produce, through collective
action supported by the government, and exploiting market avenues.
 Fruitful collaboration with academia, research agencies, civil society and the
private sector
 System development for year round earning and credit linkage to avoid
financial deficit
 Specific strategies will be formulated for
o Input supply services
o Technologies for enhancing productivity
o Post-harvest handling
o Value addition
o Marketing
o Custom Hiring Centre
o Insurance services
 Regular capacity building of FPO board members and other key
appointments on Management Practices
 Converging rural, agriculture and farmer development policies with FPOs.
 Developing the capital structure of FPO in a different phase, and supporting it
in financial linkages
 Increase role of FPO in social development activities
 Integrating role of FPOs in strengthening rural entrepreneurial ecosystem
Effective ways to make the FPO vibrant are
Concentration on financial stability by ensuring income throughout the year.
 Linking with research system and other institutions.
1.2 Background
The FPO intervention can help small and marginal farmers to cater some of their
difficulties by making collective efforts. Thus the Department of Agriculture,
Cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farers’ Welfare Govt.
of India has launched a Central Sector Scheme for Promotion and formation of
10,000 Farmer Producer Organizations Throughout the Country which is being
implemented through various stakeholders such as Implementing Agencies, Cluster-
Based Business Organizations (CBBOs), National Project Management Agency
14
(NPMA) and concerned State Authorities. The CBBO for the Dindigul district is
Coodu Trust.
The concept of collective strength is not new. Cooperatives are working traditionally
for the farmers benefit and Agri development by supplying credit and other services.
But most of these institutions are weakened due to poor financial resources and lack
of professional management. This resulted in defunct institutions. Hence the context
of collective efforts needs to re-look in terms of extent of work, ownership and
participation of farmers in the process.
In agriculture and Agri - allied sector most of the collectives have disproportionately
focused on the production side, while providing very little attention to processing,
value addition and market linkages. Hence it requires farmer-controlled institutions to
engage in a more holistic and end-to-end approach in addressing the issues faced by
the small farmer. Traditional cooperative societies were developed based on single
activity; however, with changing scenario, holistic value chain approach is required to
develop sustainable collective Institution. Proposed Farmer Producer Organizations
(FPO), therefore, consider interventions starting from procurement /Initial services to
production and processing to marketing in collective form.
Implementing Agencies are supporting this intervention by setting up Cluster - Based

Business Organizations (CBBOs) at the State / Cluster level to form and promote
FPOs as per their requirements. CBBOs are entrusted to assist in the implementation
of the program as per scheme guidelines and as may be suggested by the NPMA.
The CBBOs are entrusted to carry out baseline survey, cluster finalization, value
chain study, formation of groups and FPOs and assist in their periodical meetings,
registration of FPOs, training and capacity-building, linking these bodies to input
suppliers, technology providers and market players.
The CBBOs will help FPOs in preparation and execution of business plan for long
term sustainability, assist in regular interface with various stakeholders like Govt.
Agencies, Financial Institutions, Training and Research and development Institutions
at the cluster level and facilitate them to avail the Equity grant and credit guarantee
facility as per their needs for creation of necessary common pool production,
marketing and processing infrastructure. Will also assist FPOs in communication
dissemination to farmers by way of market and crop advisory, periodical submission
of progress reports to NPMA, adherence to all legal and statutory compliances, MIS
Reports generation, proper financial management and utilization of funds and over all
monitoring of the various activities crucial for long term sustainability.
To mainstream the process of institutional development of Farmer Producer

Organizations, DAC & FW has issued the operational guidelines to encourage and
support FPO promotion as a regular activity and the selected CBBO (Coodu Trust,
Dindigul) has prepared this Detailed project report on the basis of these guidelines to
15
promote a farmer Producer Organization (FPO) under the Central Sector scheme for
formation and promotion of 10,000 FPOs in Oddanchatram Block of Dindigul District
of Tamil Nadu State.
Project Site
Oddanchatram block, Oddanchatram Taluk, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu State.
1.3 Block and District Profile
Dindigul district of Tamilnadu State has an area of 6266.64 square kilometers.
Dindigul district is located around 432 Kms from the State Headquarters. Dindigul
district had a population of 2159775 of which male and female were 1080938 and
1078837 respectively as per the latest Census carried out in the year 2011.
Oddanchatram Block of Dindigul District in Tamilnadu has an area of 508.51 square

kilometers encompassing 50851 Ha. The block boundary latitudes are 10.4897oN
and longitudes are 77.7544oE.
Oddanchatram is a block in district Dindigul in the state of Tamilnadu in India.

Oddanchatram Block is located around 25 Km from the District Headquarters and
around 457 km from State capital. Oddanchatram Block had population of 136581 of
which male and female were 68102 and 68479 respectively as per the latest Census
carried out in the year 2011.
Area, Production and Productivity of major TOP 10 Agricultural and

Horticultural Crops of the Oddanchatram Block of 2020-21:
Agricultural Crops
Area Production Productivity

S.No. Agri. Commodity
(in HA) (in MT) (Kg/HA)
1. Cholam 6162.445 49570 2030
2. Maize 3494.845 36409 10418
3. Coconut 2070.92 15962.65 7708 nuts/ha
4. Cotton 1298.51 1798.43 1385
5. Groundnut 606.14 1929.95 3184
6. Horsegram 168.20 84.44 502
7. Blackgram 131.80 109.66 832
8. Paddy 50.10 227.30 4537
9. Greengram 47.08 33.00 701
10 Sunflower 37.53 50.40 1343
16
Horticultural Crops
Area Production Productivity

S.No. Horti. Commodity
(in HA) (in MT) (Kg/HA)
1 Onion (Small) 1729 29393 17000

2 Moringa (Annual) 839 20975 45000
3 Tomato 491 24550 50000
4 Cauliflower 310.9 6529.5 21000
5 Beans 127.6 2105.6 16500
6 Bhendi 119.3 1014.1 8500
7 Brinjal 95.4 1144.4 12000
8 Beetroot 56.1 1514.0 27000
9 Mango 318.5 1911.01 6000
10 Banana 102.2 5519.03 54000
2. General Information of the block and project cluster.

(Demographics, household size, members, and details of occupation)
Ambilikai and
S. Oddanchatram Thangachiammapatty
Parameter
No. Block Project Cluster
Numbers %age
1 Total No of Villages. 39 - -
2 Total Population 136581 9345 6.84
3 No. of Male 68102 4665 6.85
4 No. of Female 68479 4664 6.81

Working population in
5 51221 4616 9.01
agriculture
6 Total House Holds 39247 2751 7.00
7 SC House Holds 8860 640 7.22
8 ST House Holds 48 0 0
9 General House Holds 30339 2111 6.95
10 Avg. members per Household 3.48 3.48 -
17
2.1 Education Status:
Ambilikai and
S. Oddanchatra Thangachiammapatty
Parameter Project Cluster
No. m Block
Male(nos.) Female(nos.)
136581
1 Total Population 4665 4664
44408
2 Illiterate 1239 2157
92173
3 Literate 3426 2487
4 Primary 4961 250 150
5 Matriculation/ Secondary 5692 - -
Higher Sec/
6 122 242
Sr.Sec./Intermediate 7168
7 Graduate degree and above 2382 560 800
2.2 Occupational Details
Ambilikai and
Thangachiammapatty
S.
Oddanchatram Project Cluster
No Parameter
Block
.
Male Female
(nos.) (nos.)
1 Total Population 136581 4665 4664
2 Agriculture / Horticulture as a major

51222 4616
activity
3 Non-farm activities (shop owners, 315

2207
non-farm labor etc.)
4 Salaried jobs 18895 865
5 Livestock rearing as a major activity 228 19
6 Fishery as a major activity 30 0
7 Honeybee (Apiculture) as a major Nil 0

activity
18
2.3 Socio-economic Profile:
S. Ambilikai and
Oddanchatram
No Particulars Thangachiammapatty
Block
. Project Cluster
1 Geographical Area (sq km) 508.51 23.9
2 Population (total) 136581 9345
3 Males 68102 4665
4 Females 68479 4664
5 Population (rural) 106517 9345
6 % rural population 77.99% 100%
7 %. of Households BPL 34.14% 40.37%
8 % of Households APL 65.86% 59.63%
9 Average Landholding size

2.68 2.85
(in ha)
2.4 Land use Patterns (Ha)
Ambilikai and
Parameters
No. Block Project Cluster
(Acres/Ha)
1 Total Geographical Area 50851 2446.5
2 Total Cultivable Area 32606 2101.3
3 Net Sown Area 21491 1575.6
4 Gross Cropped Area 21491 1575.6
5 Forest Area 5483 0
6 Fallow Land 8691 525.7
7 Rain fed area 9261 237.9
8 Canal irrigated area Nil 0
9 Tube Well and Open Well irrigated

22627 1337.7
area
19
2.5 Land holding:

In the rural areas, agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, with hardly any non-
farm occupations available. Land Holding Pattern of the Oddanchatram Block and
Thangachiammapatty project cluster is as under.
Marginal Farmers
Medium Farmers
Tenant Farmers
Large Farmers
Total Farmers
Semi Medium
Land Less/
Farmers
Farmers
No. / %
No. / %
No. / %
No. / %
No. / %
No./ %
(Nos.)
Small
Location
Oddanchatram 22661 1540 11041 5035 3723 1610 162

Block
Ambilikai and 2016 333 952 518 167 39 7

Thangachiam
mapatty
Project Cluster
For the census, the government classifies land holdings into five groups:
marginal (with holdings of less than one hectare), small (1-2 hectares), semi-medium
(2-4 hectares), medium (4-10 hectares), and large holdings of over 10 hectares.
It is clear from the above table that Marginal and small farmers predominate in the
villages of Oddanchatram Block and Thangachiammapatty project clusters having
maximum number of Marginal and small farmers together comprise 70.94 percent of
the total.
2.6 Mode of transportation.
Oddanchatram Thangachiammapatty
Mode of transportation
Block Project Cluster
Train service Yes No
Bus service Yes Yes
Truck service Yes No
Estimated no. of Tractor available 58 26
Others like tempo service etc. Yes No
20
3.0 Economics of Agriculture - Cropping Pattern,

costing, input and output ratios, yields and current
productivity
Crop wise cost of Production, Productivity per Acre / Ha, Average Realization from
sale of commodities grown to be captured for top 5 Agricultural/Horticultural Crops
grown in the Thangachiammapatty.
Avg.
Cost of Prod
Season Har % area Yield Selling
Sl. Sowing Prod. cultiva Cost Profit
Crop Kharif/ -vest under MT/ Price
No. period MT t-ion Rs. Rs. /Ha
Rabi period crop Ha Rs.
/Ha /MT
/MT
1 Cholam Rabi Sept - Jan 13.80 110.95 2.03 32570 4049 20600 133054
oct
(3.81)
2 Maize Rabi Sept – Jan 316.60 3298 10.418 54538 5235 15930 111420
oct
(87.53)
3 Onion Kharif June Sept 22.85 388.45 17 175000 10295 60000 845000
(Small)
(6.32)
4 Drumstick Yearly Jul – Mar- 4.04 181.8 45 110000 4400 80000 349000
(Annual) sep June (1.12)
5 Tomato Kharif May- Aug - 4.23 211.5 50 61000 1220 10000 439000
June Sept
Summer (1.17)
Nov- Mar-
Dec Apr
21
4. Production Practices
4.1 Availability of Basic amenities: Electricity, Internet and Water
Availability of Electricity, Water facility, Internet forms the gamut of basic amenities
for the household and defines the socio-economic condition of the household in the
block & project clusters. Hence data pertaining to these facilities may be captured
here.
Ambilikai and
Parameter Project Cluster
No. Block
Numbers %
1 Total no. of House Holds (HH) 106517 2751 2.6
No. of HH Having Electricity

2 106517 2751 2.6
connection
No. of HH having Potable water
3 106517 2751 2.6
Availability
Average Availability of Electricity 23 hrs 30
4 23 hrs 30 mins
(Hrs./day) mins
Availability of Internet in the block
5 Good Good
Good/Moderate/Poor
Type of potable water facilities available in the block may be explained i.e. piped
supply through overhead tanks, direct supply from tube wells, Supply from water
treatment plants, Hand Pumps, Submersible pumps etc.
4.2 Climate and Soil:

The general climate of the block is characterized by Hot and Dry summers and cold
winters.
The Block gets rain from North-East Monsoons. The rain fall period is from October
to November. However rain generally falls in the month of September up to the
beginning of December. The block falls under the assured rainfall zone and average
rainfall of 795 mm.
The general climate of the block is characterized by Hot and Dry summers and cold
winters with the seasonal variation in the temperatures being small. It falls under
Semi-arid condition.
4.3 Soil Types
Red soils are prevalent in the Oddanchatram block. Red loamy soils and black cotton
soil are also present in the block. Salt affected area is 305 Ha is noticed in this area,
but not in our cluster area.
22
4.4 Availability of inputs:
S.No. Parameters Nos. in block Nos. in Cluster
1 Fertilizer dealers 45 6
2 Pesticide dealers 56 6
3 Seed dealers 56 6
4 Nurseries 49 7
5 Tractor Agencies Nil Nil
6 Agri-implements dealers 5 1
7 Agri – implement repair workshops 5 2
8 Custom Hiring Centers (Agri-implements) Nil Nil
4.5 Access to Pre and Post Harvest Facilities:
S.No. Parameters Nos. in block Remarks
1 Soil testing labs Nil
2 Agri-clinics Nil
3 Krishi Vigyan
Nil
Kendra (KVK)
4 Training Center Integrated agricultural

for farmers extension centre Oddanchatram
TNAU, Coimbatore.
Agriculture (129 kms) Agricultural College
5 University (AU) or and Research Institute,
Nearest AU with Madurai (TNAU), - 98
distance Gandhigram Rural Institute, kms
Dindigul. (39 Kms)
6 Regulated Market,
APMC Mandi 1
Oddanchatram
23
S.No. Parameters Nos. in block Remarks
1 Proposed in Budget
7 Food Parks Nil
8 Agri Exports
Nil 1 Proposed in Budget
Zones
9 Mills / Processors 2
10 Packaging centers
11 Food quality
Nil
testing laboratory
Pack houses/
Primary
12 Processing
centers /
Collection Centre
with capacity
13 Procurement
Nil
centre
14 Others
4.6 Availability of surplus crops for sale (Top 5 Crops)
Free
Season Local
Production surplus
S.No Crop Kharif / Harvest period Consum-
MT for sale
Rabi ption MT
MT
1 Maize Rabi Jan 36409 0 36409
2 Cotton Rabi Jan- Mar 2497.41 0 2497.41
3 Drumstick Yearly Mar- June 20975 4195 16780
Kharif
May- June
4 Tomato Summe 24550 19640
Nov- Dec 4910
r
Kharif Aug- September

5 Chilli 9758 975 8783
Rabi Jan- Feb
24
5. Financial Aspects - Sources, terms and conditions,

interest and existing outstanding, access to government
programmer
5.1 Sources of Finance available to Farmers
No. of KCC
S. branches Rate A/c.
Source Name of bank
No. In In Clus of Interest Holders
Block ter (Nos)
1 Scheduled State Bank of India 4 0 7 & 9.5
Commercial
Bank of India 2 0 8 &10.5
Banks
Indian Overseas Bank 3 1 7 &9.5
Indian Bank 1 0 7 & 9.5
Union Bank 3 0 7 &10.25
City Union Bank 2 0 9.5 to 13
Lakshmi Vilas Bank 5 2 10.3
Tamilnadu Mercantile Bank 2 0 8.7 & 10.45
South Indian Bank 2 0 14
ICICI Bank 2 0 15.3
Canara Bank 3 1 10.10
Karur Vysya Bank 1 0 10.30
HDFC 1 0 9.1 to 20
Axis Bank 1 1 9.25 to 19.99
Federal Bank 1 0
Tamilnadu Grama Bank 2 0
2 Cooperative PACCS 19 5 9.0:7.0:
Banks 5.0
3 Micro Equitas Small Finance Bank 1 0
Finance
Vistar Finance 1 0
Banks
Sri Sakthi Micro Finance 1 0
NA NA
L & T Finance 1 0
Radhika Finance 1 0
Bajaj Finserv 1 0
4 Non- P. Capital Loan Associates 1 0
Banking
Manapuram Finance 1 0
Finance
Cos Sri Dhaya Associates 1 0
NA NA
V. Dhanalakshmi Financial 1 0
Services
V.G & G Group of Finance 1 0
25
The repayment has to be done in the prescribed period with interest without giving
consideration to Drought or flood or nature - induced disasters.
5.2 Access to Government Programs (Latest cumulative figure):
State/Central Number of farmers Availing Scheme

Scheme
S. No Government
Name
Programs In Block In Cluster
1 Central PM Kisan 17864 297
2 State MSDA 7400 118
3 Central PMKSY 2150 42
6. Risk Aspects - Historical risks, computation of

losses due to risk, coping mechanisms.
The historical risks faced by farmers in raising the crops such as Natural Disaster
(floods, draught, cyclone, extreme cold and heat conditions, Repeated occurrence of
certain crop diseases etc.), extent of participation in crop insurance schemes, Risk
mitigation measures etc.
6.1 Historical Risks

Last Five years data required to estimate historical risk
Month and Nos. of farmer affected Crop involved

S. No. Type of Crisis Year of
in crisis
Occurrence In Block In Cluster
1 Gaja Cyclone 2018 1325 53 Maize
Agriculture was
2 COVID 19 2020-21 all all
deeply affected
Pest-Fall Army
3 2019-21 2300 147 Maize
Worm
4 Twisted Blight 2021 341 23 Onion
Once in 2-3
5 Drought All All All crops
years
26
6.2 Coping and Mitigating mechanism: Measures available to compensate the

losses occurred like crop insurance etc
Drought is the major recurrent problem in the area that can be overwhelmed by
rainwater harvesting and MI techniques. IPDM of pests and Diseases will reduce the
impact of pest / disease.
7. Marketing Aspects - Channels of marketing,

margins and costs at various levels, quality aspects,
price sensitivity, seasonality of markets, alternate
market structure, present and future demand of
product.
7.1 Channels of Marketing: Oddanchatram Block

Presence of APMC Regulated wholesale market for Agriculture and
Horticulture Produce in the Block
Name and location of Distance in Km from Major commodities

S. No.
APMC Market Block HQ handled
Oddanchatram
1 0 kms Cotton, Maize, Coconut
Regulated Market
7.2 Presence of weekly Haats and Garmin Bazaars in the Block if any,
Name and location of Distance in Km

S. No. Major commodities handled
weekly Market from Block HQ
Idayakottai weekly market, Vegetables, Cattle, Sheep,

1 23 kms
Idayakottai Goat, Chicken
2 Markampatti weekly Vegetables, Cattle, Sheep,

26 kms
market, Markampatti Goat, Chicken
Odaipatty weekly market, Vegetables, Cattle, Sheep,

3 13 kms
Odaipatty Goat, Chicken
27
7.3 Presence of Village level traders
7.4 Presence of Processing and Quality Assaying facilities in Clusters nearby
Quality Distance in Major

Name and location of
S. No Assaying Km from commodities /
Processing Cluster
Facilities Block HQ Products
1 Nil Nil Nil Nil
7.5 Value Chain Study
Stakeholders involved, economics at different levels of stakeholders, service

providers’ profile, terms at which services are obtained, potential value chain
identified, intervention required to develop value chain.
Commodities wise value chains of project clusters (different actors involved in the
value chain from farmer till consumer, Cost and margins of each actor involved in
value chain, Prioritization from the different commodity value chain to select prime
commodity benefitting the project cluster farmers.
Stake
Service
holder of Drumstick Onion Maize
performed
Value chain
Farmer Production Selling Price Selling Price Rs.35 Selling Price
Rs.14 Rs.15
Village level Aggregation 1.Buying Price
Trader Rs.14 1.Buying Price Rs. 1.Buying Price
35 Rs.15
Commission 2.Selling price
Mandy 2.Selling price Rs. 2.Selling price
10% price of 38 Rs.18
produce Rs.15
3.Margin Rs.3 3.Margin Rs. 3
3.Margin Rs.1
APMC trader Facilitate 1.Buying Price
buying and Rs.15
selling 2.Selling price - -
Rs.17
3.Margin Rs.2
Processers Value 1.Buying Price
addition Rs.17
2.Selling price - -
Rs. 22
3.Margin Rs.5
Distributors Stockiest 1.Buying Price 1.Buying Price Rs. 1.Buying Price
and Rs. 22 38 Rs. 18
distribution
2.Selling price 2.Selling price Rs. 2.Selling price
Rs. 24 42 Rs. 20
3.Margin Rs.2 3.Margin Rs. 4 3.Margin Rs.2
28
Stake
Service
holder of Drumstick Onion Maize
performed
Value chain
Retailers Point of sale 1.Buying Price 1.Buying Price Rs. 1.Buying Price
Rs. 24 42 Rs. 20
2.Selling price 2.Selling price Rs. 2.Selling price
45 Rs.25
Rs. 26
3.Margin Rs.3 3.Margin Rs. 5
3.Margin Rs.2
Targeted Consume
market commodities Buying Price Buying Price Buying Price
(consumer as per Rs. 26 Rs.45 Rs. 25
etc.) intended use
Note: Stakeholder may vary geographically and commodity wise
7.5.1 Gaps identified in value chain study
Constraints pertaining to value chain in the block
1. Gap identified pre and postproduction gaps pertaining to technology (Lack of

knowledge on latest technology, Artificial intelligence, Big data, Block chain,
Traceability, Latest Pest Management Technology, Remote sensing etc.)
Integrated crops Management are not adopted by the farmers. Apart from the
adoption of new hybrids/varieties seeds sowing the other technologies adoption
is meager namely Integrated Nutrient Management. The use of organic manure is
not sufficient to support soil biota and application of fertilizers in chemical form
alone is adopted. The use of bio fertilizers is adopted by progressive farmers
alone. In pest management strategies chemical application is alone adopted
ignoring cultural, mechanical, and biological methods.
The post-harvest technologies are not adopted whilst storage of onion for
fetching higher returns.
2. Institutional and market (Availability of Viable farmers institution, market

intelligence, market price for the produce, Market Linkage etc.)
Producer groups of farmers and FPOs are present in the block. But they to take-
up in marketing tie-ups. Market prices on daily basis although given through
social media and boards at Market, the farmers are not using the market
intelligence .Oddanchatram is a huge market from where the produces are
transported to different distance market. The farmers use the local farm produce
market only.
29
3. Infrastructure (Warehouse, Logistics, Storage, Farm mechanism, etc.)
The warehouses and storage facilities are not sufficiently utilized by the
farmers.Logistics especially is sufficiently available with the private sector.
Farm machinery for sowing of maize, weeding and harvesting are not utilized by
small and marginal farmers. For other crops only farm mechanization usage is
very minimal.
4. Socio economic (Availability of farm labor, Insurance of crop, Economics of scale,

Adaptation to new technologies, etc.)
o Huge labour demand occurs during the peak season of sowing

weeding and harvesting
o Repayment of insurance amount is very much delayed.
o New technologies are adopted only by the progressive farmers
 Lack of awareness about value addition – primary processing, grading and

packaging
 Lack of availability of certified seeds of recent varieties at sowing season causes

distress
 Frequent drought causes heavy loss of crops causing distress especially with
small and marginal farmers.
e.g.:
 Distress sale due to lack of information and access to credit
 Losses observed: Limited grading facility at the farm level
 Post-harvest loses due to Lack of proper storage system
 Lack of awareness about value addition – primary processing, grading and

packaging
Unawareness about online markets such as e-NAM, NCDEX, other commodity

exchanges.
Availability of Agri inputs like Quality seed, fertilizers, Plant Protection chemicals,
Farm equipment. Access to alternate market structures such as online markets such
as e-NAM, NCDEX, other commodity exchanges.
30
7.5.2 Availability of storage infrastructure
Rate of
S. Capacity
Storage Structure Nos. Storage Rs/ Remarks
No. MT
MT/ Month
WDRA Approved
1. ambient temperature - - - -
warehouses
Other ambient
-
2. temperature - - -
warehouses
Central Warehousing
2a - - - -
Corporation
State Warehouse
2b 1 1500 - At Oddanchatram
Corporation
2c Private Warehouse -
Tamilnadu Agricultural
1 5 1200 Marketing and
Agribusiness
Tamilnadu Agricultural
3 Cold Stores 1 25 4200 Marketing and
Agribusiness
Ebenezer Cold storage
1 1.2
Pvt.ltd.,
Controlled
4 Atmospheric Cold - - - -
Stores
8. Best Practices
Oddanchatram is known for vegetable production. In addition, maize and Glory Lilly
are also cultivated here. Annual moringa is the main crop in several villages of this
block. Every year sowing will be taken up along with onion as an intercrop during
November. The onion crop is harvested followed by the moringa. The moringa tree is
uprooted completely. Despite the annual moringa is a three-year-old crop, here
farmers are cultivating them as an annual crop that fetches them to grow additional
crops in the fields to earn additional money. The fruits and leaves of moringa is sold
directly to the market immediately after harvest.
Oddanchatram is reputed for the cultivation of vegetables especially Onion,

Drumstick and Maize crop.
31
In irrigated area Maize crop is cultivated throughout the year. Under Rainfed
condition Maize is cultivated during NE monsoon period. The major hybrids used by
the farmers are private hybrids. Fall army worm is the major threat to maize crop
incurring a loss upto 80 %.In some areas the maize is sown during June-July
followed by the sowing of onion and moringa during November. Many farmers are
cultivating the maize and onion/drumstick in separate areas.
Onion is grown during the rabi season and in some irrigated areas it is also cultivated
during June-July if water is available,Drumstick is sown during November with PKM1
variety seeds.
Now the seed onion type is getting CO (On)5 is getting familiar with farmers. The
seed cost is around Rs.1500/whilst if the bulb is used for sowing then the seed input
cost will be Rs.6000 to 12000 depending on bulb cost.
The farmers are readily adopting the new technologies, especially the use of hybrids
in vegetables released by government institutions and private companies. The
hybrids of tomato, Brinjal and okra are prevalently cultivated.
Cole crops like Cabbage, beetroot are also cultivated during winter.
Commercial Vegetable nurseries are growing the seedlings of improved hybrids of

vegetables at a commercial scale and sold to farmers. Farmers are using these
seedlings for planting thus reducing the nursery period, especially in tomato, chilies
and Brinjal.
The main market for Oddanchatram grown vegetables is Trichur, Kerala. Farmers
use hybrids/varieties that suit the market demand for the vegetables.
Onion storage is prevalent amongst the onion growers and selling the onion with high
market price is noticed in this block.
Maize is cultivated mainly with private hybrids and directly sold to middlemen.
Gloriosa superba, Glory lily, the state flower of Tamilnadu, is cultivated in this block.
It is a highly remunerative crop with high returns. Sowing is with tuber V-shaped will
be maintained in the field for more than 3 years. During October the sprouting will
start and then the seeds are harvested. Then it remains in the field ideal till next
season.
The blocks also include hilly terrain where French beans, Kapok maize Brinjal are
cultivated.
32
9. Constraints and Challenges (SWOT)

The constraints and challenges faced by the farmers / traders of the block small,
marginal, and landless farmers for aggregation, to identify minimum geographical
area for potential interventions etc.
e) Strengths
 The prevalence of favorable climate provides an ideal environment for an
array of agricultural and horticultural crops.
 The block has a good local market for its commodities especially for fruits
and vegetables since the well-known vegetable market of the State viz.,
Gandhi vegetable market is located in the block.
 The block has got favorable agro-climatic conditions for cultivation of
vegetables like tomato, onion, moringa, Brinjal, French beans, vegetable
cowpea, and medicinal plants like glory.
 Infrastructural facilities like good road facilities, electrification of villages, etc,
support the growth of agriculture and allied industries in the district
f) Weakness
 Agriculture in the block depends on monsoon rains. Hence, probability of
success is limited. Therefore, successful crop production depends heavily
on the success/failure of the monsoon thereby making agricultural
production at risk.
 Limited availability of surface and groundwater is a major weakness for the
agricultural development .No perennial river exists
 The majority of the lands are fragmented.
 The increasing scarcity of labour due to tremendous increase in migration
from rural to urban areas
 Owing to the raise in the agricultural labor wages, many of the farmers tend
to shift from agricultural crops to perennial crops.
 The area under rain fed crops in the block has been increasing over the
years due to increasing scarcity of labour and stagnation in yield and
profitability of crops.
g) Opportunities
 There are ample opportunities to promote new crop varieties and new
technologies such as precision farming as the farmers are now educated on
these aspects and willing to adopt the new varieties and technologies.
33
 Similarly, there is an opportunity to introduce water-saving technologies in

irrigated agricultural systems in view of the huge seepage loss of water
during flood irrigation of the fields. There is also scope for introducing water-
saving technologies at the farm level especially for high water-intensive
crops
 Rainfed land agriculture has a good potential in this block by an appropriate
combination of crops, tree crops and livestock enterprises.
 Supporting institutions such as research stations, banking institutions,
agricultural inputs stores, farm machineries and state agricultural marketing
institutions, extension functionaries for agriculture, horticulture, animal
husbandry, fisheries, agricultural engineering etc., are available for the
development of the farming community.
h) Threats
 The increasing scarcity of water and labour in the block is a major threat to
expansion of irrigated agricultural production.
 Lack of water harvesting structures to harness the rain water is another
threat for sustaining irrigated agriculture in the district.
 Attractive urban employment opportunities not only absorb the agricultural
labour population but also the farmers as well which poses a major threat to
agricultural development.
10. Scope for Interventions along with Convergence.

1. Training and capacity building (Topic, Target People, Validation, Plan,
Reporting, PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act)
Training and Capacity building on Integrated Crop Management practices of
Maize, Onion, and Moringa has to be conducted. ICM for hybrids/varieties under
irrigated and Rain fed has to be taken up separately to enhance the productivity
and profitability of farmers. Seeds Production techniques must be propagated to
farmers for the availability of good seeds. Soil Health management is another
important concept where the importance and benefits are to be instilled through
training. The area is under Semi-arid conditions with frequent droughts. Water-
saving techniques are to be disseminated with high priority to save the crop.
Rainwater harvesting structures like summer plowing, Bunding catch-pits, and
farm ponds are to be encouraged by instilling skill and knowledge to all the
beneficiaries.
Use of micronutrient mixture in millets and vegetables is to be disseminated

through training and other extension strategies like method demonstration.
34
Labour shortage is another cause of worry to farmers. Training on the use of

various agricultural implements in land preparation, sowing, weeding, and
harvesting process is to be given.
Poly house cultivation and shade net cultivation of vegetables offer immense
opportunities to vegetable growers. Hence, it has to be taken up with prime
importance with capacity building and promotion through various schemes like
NHM.
Integrated Pest And Disease Management Practices for prevalent pests like Fall
Army Worm in maize, Fruit fly in Moringa, and twisted blight in Onion is to be
disseminated through training and field advice.
Power weeder / Vegetable waste shredder must be popularized.
Technologies concerned with wilt management and pollination enhancement

must be disseminated through training.
2. Custom Hiring Centers and input shops

The Custom Hiring Centers are to be established at least one per panchayat with
machineries supporting operations namely, land preparation, sowing, Weeding,
Plant Protection, and harvesting especially suitable for Onion, Maize and
Moringa that are principal crops in the project area.
Enough access to input shops are available in the block and in the cluster.
3. Credit linkage
Credit linkage nationalized banks and primary cooperatives for regular annual
crop loans are availed by the farmers of the block. Tractor loans are availed by
entrepreneurs and medium to resource-rich farmers from the banks. Use of Kisan
cards is minimum. Activities to promote access credit linkage with special
schemes like Agricultural Infrastructural facility and other schemes. They should
be educated in credit resources access under various government schemes that
provide credit to specific activity.
4. Seed & crop production

Seed is crucial and basic input to increase crop yields per unit area. Availability of
quality seeds of improved cultivars is considered crucial for realizing productivity
and adoption of cultivars in different agro-climatic conditions.
It is estimated that good quality seeds for improved varieties will lead to an
increase of about 20-25% in yield. The seeds play a vital role in agriculture and
act as a carrier of the genetic potential of varieties Healthy seeds with genetic
purity, high seed vigor and good germination percentage should be made
available. To farmers during the sowing period. The timely availability of good
quality seeds at a reasonable price ensures good yield and profit to the farmers.
Quality seed production which follows efficient certification procedures plays a
major role in the increase of food production of our country. In the current
35
scenario, the demand for good quality certified seeds far exceeds the availability
in the market.
In Oddanchatram seed production in Onion Variety CO(On), 5 and PKM1, of

Annual Moringa offers immense potential in increasing the yield and profitability
of farmers. Seed Production in vegetables like French beans and pulses are to
be done through various schemes by the farmers in the farmer’s field itself. It has
definite scope for taking it as an entrepreneurship activity.
5. Value addition and processing.

Value addition and processing is now the most important science that helps the
farmers to prevail over the fluctuating marketing price (Generally low during peak
harvesting season as the produce is flooded in the market), the low storage life of
produces and difficulty in the transport of large volume raw produce to distance
places. It also aids us to compete in the international market as we can produce
market-demand-driven products of different standards. Individual farmers
principally small and marginal farmers will face difficulty in practicing value
addition and marketing of the value-added products. FPO offers a massive
opportunity for value addition, marketing, and gaining more gains.
The Annual Moringa, one of the principal crops grown by the FPO farmers has a
large potential for value addition and has market-demand internationally.
Moringa is well known for its nutritive value in leaves, pods, and seeds. It
contains high protein content in the leaves, twigs, stems, and seeds. They are an
exceptionally good source of provitamin A, vitamins B and C, minerals
(particularly Iron) and sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. It is
commonly said that moringa leaves contain more Vitamin A than carrots, more
calcium than milk, more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges, and
more potassium than bananas,” and that the protein quality of Moringa leaves
rivals that of milk and eggs. However, the leaves and stem of M. oleifera are
known to have large amounts of their calcium bound in calcium oxalate crystals.
The various products of the moringa leaf are
1. Moringa Leaf-Leaf Powder, Leaf Juice, and sauce

2. Flower-Cooking and consumed as food
3. Pods- Edible
4. Seeds-Powder, Oil
These products are serving as raw materials for the preparation of various
products-Cosmetic, Medicinal. Supplementary foods chocolates and various food
materials.
The value addition of these produces will be done in the FPO through the
assistance of various schemes of the government. The government of Tamil
36
Nadu announced Export Zone for Exporting Moringa in which the Dindigul is also
one among the districts of export zone.
6. Market linkage and market information

Market linkage will be done with the local, National and International level of
market. In Oddanchatram market for fruits and vegetables is already established
that supplies the fruits, vegetables to different places of the Tamil Nadu state and
also to other states like Kerala, Pudhuchery Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and
Karnataka. Moringa is also supplied to Mumbai Market. The raw produce is alone
in these market chain like fruits-Mango, Sapota and Amla, Vegetables namely
Tomato, Brinjal, Chillies, carrot and Potato.
Value-added products must be linked to the exporters or to be exported directly

as done in Guava of Palani block.
Market information is now very essential to perceive the current market price of
different produces on a daily basis of different markets-Local, National, and
International. Daily market prices will be disseminated through display boards of
public gatherings, Offices, and also through social media namely Whatsapp,
Telegram, and Facebook.
7. ODOP crop of the block:

if its chosen then what are varieties available and value addition potential,
harvest season etc.
If not chosen, the rationale for choosing a non ODOP crop
ODOP for the district is Animal Feed. The farmers of the selected cluster cultivate
Onion, Maize and Moringa. Hence, non-ODOP crops are selected for the FPO.
Instead, maize is one of the fodder crops used for preparing animal feed
especially poultry feed and cattle feed.
Hybrids developed by the private companies and Agriculture Institutions (TNAU

Maize Hybrids CO6 and CO8) are cultivated throughout the year in irrigated lands
and in rainfed lands during NE monsoon. Seed sowing is done manually whilst
progressive farmers alone use sowing machine. Weeding is done manually and
with weedicides. Harvesting is done and separation of maize seeds is done
mechanically. Fall Army Worm is the biggest threat to maize crops. Farmers
control them with suitable pesticide spray and no mechanical and Biological
methods are adopted.
Immediately after harvest the seeds are sold to
e.g.:
 Preproduction and Production: Supply of quality inputs, planting materials,

machinery, and technology through common service centers
 Post-harvest/Storage: Availability of logistics and storage facility
37
 Value addition: Farmer common Service Centers along with facilities of

primary processing, packaging & logistics. Establishment of secondary
processing units
 Access to Govt. Schemes: Availing credit support from various central and
state government schemes
 Marketing environment: linkage with corporate buyers, processors and
exporters
11. Scope for Convergence

Several programs and schemes being offered by the Central and State Governments
in order to support and strengthen the agriculture sector and FPOs like: equity grant,
Credit Guarantee scheme, Pradhan Manti Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY), MIDH,
Scheme for Fund for Regeneration for Traditional Industries (SFURTI), etc. Identify
the suitable scheme and converge for better outcome leveraging the financial outlay
1. Tamil Nadu Government Mezzanine Capital Assistance Scheme (TNGMCAS)

To increase the viability and sustainability of Farmer Producer Companies so as
to strengthen their corpus to avail credit facilities from financial institutions
Mezzanine Capital Assistance will augment the capital contribution of the FPC
members in their initial years for carrying out various business activities by
enhancing their margin money. The scheme will make available up to Rs.10.00
lakh for each FPC at a nominal interest rate of 4% per annum (to be paid every
year) which is repayable after 5 years.
2. Tamil Nadu State Credit Guarantee Scheme for Farmer Producer

Companies (TCGFPC)
This scheme facilitates access to credit facility, by providing collateral free loans
availed by FPCs from commercial banks and NABKISAN, through guarantee
coverage to the extent of 50%, for loan amount up to Rs.100 lakh.
3. Tamil Nadu Government Revolving Fund Scheme for Farmer Producer

Companies (TRFFPC)
Under the Scheme, NABKISAN will reimburse 1/3rd of the interest rate as
concessional rate of interest. The concessional interest benefit will be passed on
to the FPC at the end of the year, upon prompt repayment of interest and
principal installments, in the case of term loans and only after repayment of
principal, interest and other dues, if any, in the case of working capital loans.
4. Equity Grant Scheme, Government of India

To Enhance credit worthiness, viability and sustainability of FPCs and to Enhance
the shareholding of members to increase their ownership and participation in their
FPC Equity Grant Scheme extends support to the equity base of Farmer
38
Producer Companies (FPCs) by providing matching equity grants subject to

maximum of Rs. 15.00 lakh per FPC in two tranches with in a period of 3 Year
and to address nascent and emerging FPCs which have paid up capital not
exceeding Rs. 30.00 lakh with a view to the under noted primary objectives.
12. Conclusion
Way Forward with regard to activities by the FPOs.
Effective possible pathway to address improved access to investments, technologies,

knowledge support, inputs, and markets. Benefit for farmer, community, and nation.
 Creating dynamic prosperous and sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry

and Non- farm sectors by promoting member-owned Producer Organizations,
 To enhance productivity through efficient, cost-effective and sustainable

resource use and realize higher returns for their produce, through collective
action supported by the government, and exploiting market avenues.
 Fruitful collaboration with academia, research agencies, civil society and the
private sector
 System development for year round earning and credit linkage to avoid
financial deficit
 Specific strategies will be formulated for

o Input supply services
o Technologies for enhancing productivity
o Post-harvest handling
o Value addition
o Marketing
o Custom Hiring Centre
o Insurance services
 Regular capacity building of FPO board members and other key

appointments on Management Practices
 Converging rural, agriculture and farmer development policies with FPOs.
 Developing the capital structure of FPO in a different phase, and supporting it

in financial linkages
 Increase role of FPO in social development activities
 Integrating role of FPOs in strengthening rural entrepreneurial ecosystem
39
13. Photographs of meetings held with details

Purpose of meeting, place of meeting (Village, Block, Dist.), date of meeting, meeting
between
BOD Meeting
Meeting with Farmer
40
Baseline Survey
Meeting with Farmer
41
BOD Meeting
Meeting with Farmer
42
BOD Meeting
Meeting with Farmer
43
14. Annexures
Annexure - 1
Farmer Stakeholders Consulted
S.No Name Address Mobile
1 Rajendran R P Thottathu Salai, Ambilikkai Via, 9443025556

Near Selva Vinayagar Kovil,
Thangachiamapatti, Dindigul - 624612.
2 Nallasamy 127C, Byepass Road, Naganampatti, 9787630180

Oddanchatram, Dindigul - 624619.
3 P Chinnasamy No. 9-1/34, Periyanchettipatty, 9940897617

Oddanchatram, Dindigul- 624619.
4 Lakshmipathiraj L 119/A, Kollapatti, Kedayurambu, 9943857525

Dindigul - 624619
5 R Lingeswaran 41 E, Boyan Thottam, Kappilliapatti, 9786286111

Dindigul - 624612.
6 Shanmugavel Chinnayagoundanvalasu, Mandavadi, 7373372997

Oddanchatram, Dindigul, - 624612
7 K Gopalkaruppuchamy 15, Gandhipuram, Kappilliapatti, 9384233660

Dindigul - 624612
8 Subramani C 126A, Naganampatti, Oddanchatram, 9943929951

Dindigul - 624619
9 Marimuthu kannan 19/3, Kurunji Nagar, Oddanchatram, 9976007957

Dindigul624619
10 Dhavamani K R 5/15, BUDS School Near, 9789374321

Thangachiyammapatti,
Dindigul,- 624612
44
Farmer Details
S.No Name Address Mobile
1 RASAPPAN Irulakumbanpatti, Oddanchatram, 9442023275

PALANIVEL 624619
2 EASWARAN 123, Periyanchettipatti, Oddanchatram, 9865038576

SAKTHIVEL GOUNDER 624619
3 VELLAICHAMY Naganampatti Byepass, Kollapatti, 9715277969

RASAPPAN Oddanchatram, 624619
4 BALASUBRAMANIYAN 8552/2, T N F S, North Naganampatti, 9843900274

Oddanchatram, 624619
5 RAJALAKSHMI 123/B-1-1, Naganampatti, 7806881307

6 KAMARAJ Puthu Kalanjipatty, Kalanjipatty, 7418704342

7 PERUMALSAMY 2/132, Periyakaradupatti, Reddiapatti, 8095878563

Veeralapatti post, Dindigul, 624614
8 PERUMAL SEETHAYA 4/151, Thippampatti, Kedayurambu, 9585290614

GOUDAR Oddanchatram, 624619
9 DHANALAKSHMI 129/3, K Kottai, Kethayarumbu, 9787244067

BALAKRISHNAN Oddanchatram, 624619
10 KRISHNASAMY 105/3, Kollapatti, Kedayurambu, 6379016221

45
Annexure - 2
Government and other stakeholders consulted
S.No Name Designation Address
1 Raja R Deputy Director of Department of Agricultural

Agricultural Marketing and Agri Business,
Marketing Dindigul. Ph.No : 9786785180
2 V. Krishnakumar Agricultural Officer Department of Agricultural

(Agri Business) Marketing and Agri Business,
Dindigul. (Ph.No : 9787241890)
& Oddanchatram Regulated Market
3 B. Rajamurugan Assistant Director Oddanchatram.

of Horticulture (Ph.No - 9600226791)
4 Abdul Kadhar Agricultural Officer Oddanchatram
5 The Deputy Director Deputy Director O/o, The Deputy Director of

of Statistics Statistics Dindigul District.
(Ph.No - 0451-2461942)
6 P.P. Saravanan Programme Senior Scientist and Head,

Coordinator ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
Gandhigram Rural Institute - DTBU,
Gandhigram - 624302
Phone : 0451 - 2452168
Mobile:7200324691
46
Annexure - 3
Baseline Data Collection Questionnaire

FORMATION OF 10,000 FPOS UNDER CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME
CBBO: COODU TRUST
District: DINDIGUL Block: ODDANCHATRAM
Village : Hamlet:
1. Name of the Farmer :
2. Address :
3. Aadhar Number :
4. Mobile Number :
5. Sex : Male/Female
6. Age : Years
7. Experience in Farming : Years
8. Land Availability :
S. Type of Land Extent of Area Ownership

No (wet/Garden/Rain fed) (Acres) Owned/Leased
1 Wet Land
Soil type
2 Garden Land
Soil Type
3 Rain fed
Soil Type
47
9. Crops Cultivated in Different Seasons :
Area
S. Productivity Expenditure Income
Name of the Crop Season Cultivated
No (Kg/) (Rs.) (Rs.)
(Acre)
I Annual Crops
1
II Fruit Crops
1
III Agro forestry Trees

1
10. Types of No. of Animals Reared: 1.Cow 2. Goat 3. Sheep 4.

Others
11. Irrigation Source and No: Well well Others (Specify)
48
12. Extent of Water Availability and Period:

S.
Size of the Depth of Water Period of Water
No.
Source Source (Depth Availability Availability
and Diameter) (Ft) (Months)
1 Well
2 Bore Well
3 Others
(Specify)
14. Agriculture Equipments / Implements Possessed :

1
15. Value addition if practiced
16. Market Source for Agriculture Produces:

1
49
ANNEXURE
CROP CULTIVATION PRACTICES ADOPTED
CROP
SEASON
VARIETIES
HYBRIDS
LAND PREPARATION
SEED RATE
NURSERY IF EXISTS
SOWING AND SPACING

ADOPTED
50
IRRIGATION SCHEDULE
WEED CONTROL METHODS
FERTILISER APPLICATION
SCHEDULE
PEST PROBLEMS AND

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED
DISEASE PROBLEMS AND

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED
51
HARVESTING PROCEDURE
MARKETING STRATEGY
YIELD PER ACRE
COST OF CULTIVATION (Rs)
TOTAL RETURNS (Rs)
PROBLEMS FACED IN CROP

PRODUCTION
Signature of the staff Signature of the beneficiary
52
Coodu Trust - CBBO
74, Thadicombu Road, Dindigul - 624 001 Tamil Nadu.
Tel: 0451-2901062
Email: coodutrustindia@gmail.com
Web Site: www.coodutrust.org

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C entral Sector scheme for formation and

promotion of 10K FPOs

Oddanchatram Agro Farmer Producer Company Limited

Detailed Project Report (DPR)

Coodu Trust - CBBO The Managing Director

Oddanchatram Agro Farmer Producer Company Limited

Oddanchatram block in Dindigul district of Tamilnadu

The Managing Director

Coodu Trust - CBBO

1.1 Executive Summary 1

2. General Information of the block and project cluster. 17

2.1 Education Status 18

4.1 Availability of Basic amenities: Electricity, Internet and Water 22

5. Financial Aspects - Sources, terms and conditions, interest and existing

5.1 Sources of Finance available to Farmers 25

6.1 Historical Risks 26

7.1 Channels of Marketing 27

9. Constraints and Challenges (SWOT) 33

10. Scope for Interventions along with Convergence. 34

11. Scope of convergence 38

13. Photographs of meetings held with details 40

1. Executive Summary, Background and Block Profile

District and Block Details

Oddanchatram Block of Dindigul District in Tamilnadu has an area of 508.51 square

Dindigul District Map

Oddanchatram Block Map

Economics of Agriculture - Cropping Pattern, costing, input and output ratios,

Summer Nov - Mar - Apr

The availability of inputs to farmers namely Fertilisers, Pesticides, Seeds, and

Access to Pre and Post Harvest Facilities:

Availability of surplus crops for sale (Top 5 Crops)

Sources of Finance available to Farmers

Access to Government Programs (Latest cumulative figure):

members and Cluster-118 members) and PMKSY (Block-2150 members and

Coping and mitigating mechanism: Measures available to compensate the losses

Oddanchatram market is the largest vegetable market in Tamil Nadu in terms of

Oddanchatram vegetablemarket.com gives the information to end users to cross-

1. Lemon 14. Senai Kilangu 27. Radish 40. Green Chilli

2. Tomato 15. Mangai Inji 28. Beans 41. Cauliflower

3. Small Onion 16. Karunai Kilangu 29. Carrot 42. Ginger

8. Colocasia 21. White Pulses 34. Beetroot 47. Curry Leaves

9. Soya beans 22. Bitter Gourd 35. Potato 48. Bellary

10. Butter Soya 23. Nookal 36. Kovakkai 49. Gourd

12. Narthangai 25. Gooseberry 38. Cabbage

13. Green Peas 26. Garlic 39. Coconut

Channels of Marketing: Oddanchatram Block

Oddanchatram Regulated Market is located at Oddanchatram itself.

Value Chain Study

Gaps identified in value chain study

Technology adoption is lacking in all stages of crop production and post-harvesting

Oddanchatram is reputed for the cultivation of vegetables especially Onion,

Commercial Vegetable nurseries are growing the seedlings of improved hybrids of

Constraints and Challenges

 Limited availability of surface and groundwater is a major weakness for the

1. Training and capacity building

2. Custom Hiring Centers and input shops

4. Seed & crop production

In Oddanchatram seed production in Onion Variety CO(On), 5 and PKM1, of