+ Constitution —» +Set oF written rules + accepted by all oF India + partly rigid; partly Flexible + Democrahe —> « all countries have constitution + open to all —>source/ means oF produchon Extras * Communist —> Source/ means of producton — govt. ex: China + Oligavchic —» govt. by few — ex: China, Russia Monarcnic > govtr by a single person — ex: North Korea Totalitorian —» Total control over lives oF citizen [o bhi rule Kav yaha haiOFficvially dem- anded anded by — = * Congress, 1935 + By Nehru, 1436 (ony (presided) Congress Session, Lucknow 1946 — Cabinet Mission Plan * Congress League v rejected - i to have Muslim League Y s@gerate + Pakistan Demand X Netion 3 people: V Alexander Stafford Cripps Patnicnlowrence (Chairmany 1934— / G + Demand for\* ARMA MN Roy (Four s7 Constituent Assembly CHI communist bayty) L August nfFe, 1449 — * Demand for'c-A accep- ted * Rejected later by— Congress = Muslim Leaque + Vice Roy: Linlithgow ‘Individual Satya- grah against it Achavya Vinobe. Bhave Nehru Crippe Mission, 1442 * by Stafford Cripps + Dominion status + Reject —p Quit India Movement* Provisions oF Cabinet Mission Plan ARMA * Total seats — 334 fo. + Provinces/ Princely States Nominated 2496 ° British india L ~ Elettions - July - Aug, *ChieF comm. 1446 *Governers provinces Results « Maj-—> Congress (1Nc) province J a " * Geat— 208 Seats elected : not divestiy « Muslim —> 73 seats elected by > Indirectly elected aS \ people League 2 Mustim . ities = + (Independent Communities 3 sikh — ent —> 15 + After boycott of Me * 10 Lakhi=,Lseat — remaining seats - 244 General * Meeting and Drafting of CA + [8t meeting - 4 Dec 1446 (211 members)1 13 0ee 1946 —» Objective Resolution moves * by Nehru ARMAI Preamble 22M Jan \@4T —> Objective Resolution adopted by C-A . 7? Major (8) > Commitrees SS minor (13) # * Drafting Committee ——> Setup on®)29t" Aug 1947 * Total members - F Chairman= Bhim Kao Ambedkar (Modern manuh) * Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar OR (Modern man) N- Gopalaswami Ayyangar Muhammed Saadulah B.-L. Mittare(veplaced by N. Madhav Rau) OeP Khaitan (replaced by T-T- Krishnamachari) KéM Munehi Total Sessions — I! sessions / 65 days * Total time — 2 yrs Iimonths I#/18days (Constitution made) * Imp drafts + 18t draft —> 4-23"9 Deo, 1946* 10th draft —> 6-IT"Oct, 1944 i ‘ x + yp dvatt —> 1-26"Nov. 1944 ARMA + Final draft ——> by @-R- Ambedkar — 4 Nov 1948 presented before the Ky, From Bengal Constituency public Adopted— 26 Novia4a — “Constitution — Day Enforced — 26 Jan 1450 provisions * citizenship + elections * provisional parlia- ment + Functions of Consituent Aseembly Law- making [_ Conshtution maker body (+o legisiatey NX President: Rayendra Head: GV. Mavala- Prasad “~~ nkav (First . Speaker of Lok Gabha) ne, _Saehehia~ Vice President: WT Krishnamachayi STR EHES enanae before Sinha HC Mukherjee electionsS functioned ag FNCARMA Parliament of India To Legisiate (make laws) Otner Functions Qdoptea National Flag = 224 july 1947 Legal/ Constitutional Avd- —> B.N. Ka0 nie Draftsman —> $N Mukherjee National Anthem * No of CA members who signed (eee — “> coneishtution — 284 fasccin Curren is Femates Balan AED a Commonwealth + Extras jon = May 1444 . (ttt +A -24 Jan 1450 imp female members oF bay oliting oF 6 CA: St President of a * Raj Kumari Amritkaur India (on+hig day) — Kajendva (15+ health Minister) by cA Prasad +» Sucheta kripiani (15+ Female CM of ub) * Handwritten Const. (Calligraphy) + Gayojini Naidu (Govern- Ss Reiseda or Rajyapal, UP) Vasant Kumay Vaidya (Hindi)* Consitution decorated by —+Nand Lal Bose fx « Beohay Kam Manohar \CARMAI * Language of Constitution = English and Hindi + 6ymbol — Elephant (India's Constitution is largest written Constitution) Odoptedon: + First country to make constitution — Usd C4 July 1778) (written) * Nehru (chairman) and eight other Congress leaders draft @ constitution for India — 1428 + Extras Nehru report Majov Minor | '3 points by vinha * Chairman of C-A 0F India+ Linguistic provinces Comm.—> §$-k. Dhay * w ARMA! + Ad hoc Comm. (F124) —> Kajendra Prasad * Capitalist State ——> Industransts + Plutocratic ——» 490V- by vich people + Mixed economy —» India For the people. Democracy —__s py tne people oF the people + Ceremony that marks the.end of Republic Day Celebra- tion ——» Beating Retreat Ceremony (independence Day —> PM: hoist Indian Fiag in Red fort Republic Day —> President: Flag unfurling in Kartavya Path * UR — unwritten ConstitutionSugtematically saveuuhts Const. oaifiea Unwritten Const (* ARMA + compiled and étructured + not Structured ) . - not Systematically in System form by Few me Coane mbers ° ex: India + ex: UK + Formaly constituted « not Pormaly constituted « Not easy to amend » e€asy to amend * move than one level of govt. in Indian constitution * Radicalism —» Change in someones general pattern oftnin king ex: Naxaligm, NE Insurgency oF India fee + Key featuve of Indian Constitution —> Federalism xe wneave Pivision oF power bet” Federal Feature Unitary Feature centre and stat + gi + takes aw. it Quasi fedeval: Some nok caver te oF power a ee at Features unitary some federal (ex: india)Federal Features- 1, Supremacy of the Constitution, 2. Division of power between the Union (central Governments) and State, and 3. The existence of an independent judiciary in the Indian Constitution. Unitary Features- 1. Single Citizenship 2. Single Constitution 3. Power of union to override on the state matters 4. During emergency the system became virtually unitary 5. Changes in the names and boundaries of the states by the Parliament 6. Integrated Judiciary System 7. Centre appoints the Governors ‘ 8. Dependence of states on the centre for economic assistafice and grants. Unitary Feature + Bicame ralism-——> Federal + Judiciary — integrated Feature (Scand He) i \ + Written Constitution : Federal +8 RS Feature \ iio nlses of Pavialiament - [Asfies/1FoS —> Unitary Feature + Dept- oF personal and training appointed im a + controlled by Centre + Art 3i2* * Unitary System of govt. posseé—> Strong State \* ARMA + India has ——> Parliamentary system of govt. hes taken From UK essential Features * executive accountable to legislature * Form of govt. Presidential Parliamentary «USA eindia, UK© Preamble - Prastavna “We the people oF India.- Nehru = Objective Resolution: 13 Dec 1446 vt [re form | Cony fiver sitting: am Dec 1946 Preamble 2 oy + preamble made after caeila arelation of Constil ution main Wa aa ein, oer we i pare, | ‘warmed, de-freta, starters wore | ee feyaer ek mere: aes afte a eee ara, ‘eran, fate, fra sterean et ore, afer oc ona et ae weenie tr, ver weit ae sta oh (gator te ore ge faery wr oe ‘ter 26 vie, 1909 (fat med ee red, eg ta os feet) hE a fart at otthgs, furan ate rena eh @sustice — Nyaan, ghay Kidaat —> justice secuve Karna . i Chante nai @ Liverty — Azaaai@ Equatity — Odoston and Samaj main samanta ® Fraternity — Bhaichava , Friends banna * Borrowed — * USA —> concept t © Statements passed 1D Card of ConetitubHono— NA Palkhivala Horoscope — K-M°Munshi- «Member oF Drafting committee Const: Ka bade \. \puciness Adivisory committee bi ; (chairman) minor committee imy Derives it autho- rity from the * Ingredients J ats source OF authority of Const-—» People of india + Wature ——p> Sovereign, socialist , Secular, democratic, republic + objective ——> Justice, liberity, equality, Fraternity Date of enforcement - 7 26Jan aso7 * Date of Adoption ——» 26th Nov. 1949+ Social — No aig crimination in caste /cyéed (gender! gion, * Justico — 3°—> economic — Ne discrimination in ecoRgenca! Status political — equal rights For, Const. position + Liberty — 5 thought > expression | — Absence oF restraint S worshi beliek Pp - opportunity +Odevelop i oneseie Fain 7 © Equality — oa Status “Abcence of special priviledge N+ opportunity Ynexception: MP/ MLAs / Presidenti Governors * Fraternity — | —— > Fraternity — common brotherhood } ) | ¥*¥Remarks + Sovereign — \Novauthority above India Mra ise + Hand written const No country can yulé us/ + Nationa Song over us * National Anthem * bast Sitting + 18t president - Rajendva Prosad‘s) Sovianst — Socialist Capatalist Mixéa . govt owned | controlled © No Govt. interfevance 5 + Communist Socialism = ivatizane . : o piceerreonen Chinas Rusoia * Democratic Socialism, — India * Seculay —*No single Religion * all yeligion — equal status Negatives—,* No intevferance From State Positive —* Govt. intefervance ex: India7 * Democratic — * OF the people * by the people By Abraharn Lincotin + for the people Direct — people directly participate fn law making a6 population ex: Switeeriang ) ‘less Indivect — do not partiupate divectly ox: India bi ——> lok Sabha =——> _ President Rajya Sabha sf Republic — Head of country is elected ex: UGA, India YW UK X G head of country — Prince/ Queen (Hereditory position)7 ARMA! is non-justciable —> Nyan nahi milegi @ mble be Amended ? tan prea f Yes © 18 preamble a part oF\ Constitution? Jotegrity Arwmended onty once. “7, lSi©) °42"4 CA, 1476 History = Mini Constitution —> Secular ® Berubari Union Case - 1960 ——> No, according to above to ques * @®) Kesavnanda Bhavt Case - 1415 —— > Yes, above two ques. @uc case — confivmed Kesavnanda Bharti Case * Preamble nas been amended only once — 42"'4 CA, 1976 SC/HC canseveree their decision * requires More bench of also called ‘Mini judges: Constitution’ thin Mis cage: 13 judges (highest tin vow) + , Ys oe added words: * Integriti “6x oe sis Sovereign added+ Socialist before 42"4CA = + Secular * Preamble (6 neither a Source to power oF govt. nov a Prohibition on tne powers of govt© which of the Following was originally not mentioned in Const. 7? a. Democratic Sovereign Socialiot Republic Order: Sovereign, Socialist, Seculan, Democratic, Republic12 Schedules of Indian Constitution Schedules | Details ‘Schedule 1 | State and Union Territories Name and their Boundary details Schedule 2 | Special Powers and Salary details of President, Governors of state, Speakers and Deputy speakers of Rajiya sabha and Lok sabtia, ‘Supreme court and High Court Judges. Schedule 3 | Oath and Promises of All authority except President, and vice president. a Sehedoied | Rijiya Sabha MP count of sue and Uavon \ } Territorvies &, Jf Schedule 5 | Scheduled Area and scheduled Thbes ‘Admioistzation ond control Law Desalla aly Scheliile @ | States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and at ) Mizoram Tribal areas Administration and control ( kr Jaw details { = Schedule 7 | Detailed List about Union and State Government ) Power and Concurrent List Schedule 8 | Official Languages te Ye” Schedule 9 | Validation of eenain Acts and Regulations. (& 1 Schedule 10 | Details about Party changes and disqualification of MP/MLA, Schedule 11 _| Responsibilities and Powers of Panchayat Schedule 12 _| Responsibilities and Powers of Munici Serres roe ara an se ToT feu w 2% seer een gover, Pers ahag & aarahs war so-aTate, Sea eT Tea rarer Pare ye ore Se Peta Rpraeradiers eae 3 ga y orga orem, Aurea, fryer ote rather cect a YT y ee7 ene) a At present: 12 Originally: @ B Name of eee qG@ UuTs f gestates and 8 UTS z Emoluments of President, V-P, Judge, Speaker, i Governoy /CAGr Chaivman, Deputy Deputy Speaker SCTHC Chairmain, Affirmation & oath'=—> Judges, Ministers (union+ State), “MPs, MLAS , CAG Rajya Sabha Seat allocation NE; Chattisgarh, 4 > ete Administration oF Scheduled areas = Other Scheduled aveas (tribal aveas)— Meghalaya i “s Mizoram E s a union Le Federal provision State Tripura Concurrent \OFFicial languages ———___-» originally + 14 ot at present: 22 Land Keforme —> IS' CA Tanmayaten + judicial review Disqualification due to defection euiieikteus daibadal Panchayats —> 1993 (73"4 Amend) 1485 (52"4 Amend) +24 subjects aime r Muncipaliies —> 1448 CTA / Amena)o7grt 7 Amend — 1443 rant “st Govt. — P.V Naysima Kao © Official languages ———> e# schedule . originally — 14 + at present — 22 « 218t CA — Sindhi + 118+ CA — KonKania Manipuri, Nepali © 424 CA — BodopDongri)Maithii, Santhali 2003, + 96" CA =\Qdia © Classical Languages - 6 TRIO =e — Tamit ale — Sanekrit 7 ar — Telugu © ®Ll— Kannada * + Malayalam © oR — Oriya@® Subject of livestock and animal husbandary — State vist @kesiduary List — - Union| State! sncepal * Parliament hag law ere power (union) We transfered From State list to concurrent under 42"4 CA7 @ Government of India Act ,1935 ‘A «Moot influenced Indian Constitution + Emergency provision + SC establishment - PCs Ind ependencé of i Usa + OFFive oF governov * Fedeval scheme Judiciary Cay tte 5 3 correc: & United Kingdom ia Le i Executive ” - %, eq srive: . rat Al + Payliamentavy FormyoF “baw maker oF law h ree “TragFie govt- +s police + Gove + Parliamentary ‘privilages * Single citizenehip a Dual Citizenship: USA * Rule of Law, “= \ " “—» Kanoon Sabse upar ° Writgy—> powers oF Court * Légisiative procedure « United States of América + Fundamental Rights° Preamble 7 + Seperation of Power Supremacy oF Congtitution + Independence judiciary nett usa Judicial review integrated juaioiory Ke * @qual protection oF law Vcc + election of head of State (Président) Impeachment of President wemoval Poot of V. President * Financial emergency, Canada In India: Federalism with a strong centye * Fedevalism Unitary sycentve appoints governor of State cones x Kesiduary power + Advisory jurisdiction of Sc President takes 7 advice oF SC Australia * Concureent list* Freedom of trade and commerce + joint Sitting — two 7 TRick- AU ake ’ List } Siting ¢ lveland = TRICK - | KELAND - DpSp « Nomination — Rajya Sabha. of members + election oF President (method) . Indirect election — South APrica. * Germany % * Amending Constitution— ” jgimar Conshtution * President's power — emergency . Suspension of FRe— " aie Russia . ue FRs suspension during emergency ° Fundamental duties + ideals of Justice ° Five-year Plans* France . A + Uberty, equality, Fraternity skeen Art 21 + provedure established bylaw Sale ~~ e SNatec! Parhament except Procedure established : bylaw * Government oF India Act, 1435 * many instituhonal details — Constituhon of India > office oF GovernorPart 1 & 2 of Constitution eee + Part t= Union and its territory Arti - Name and territory of the union | Bhavat name's — India thatis | type oF polity @ Federation India. — Union of State inaplic = @ vesut oP Agvees gt” Seates , possible 7 inusa Sta: lave no rights NS le From Union India is indestructobie Union eF destructible State States and territories specified \ in 18*Scnedule Territory of india 28 States g Union territory — 18+ senequie otner tervitorieswwe Art2 = Establishment of new States L 1€ Pavliaments wants to admit new territory — Art2 admissible wee Arta = Formation of new states, alteration OF ovens, boundaries or Names oF exigting stores by sepetating form a new State verriyerg (ig kniting ang part Increase In avea — State Aveo decrease in aven AlteraHomoF bouvidary name of State Art3 ‘provision — No bill +0 be introduced in either house oF Parlia- . a Not binding ment unless with reco On Pavliament Menda@tion of President (Advisory Nature) *No delay in bills + gives to State recomm. 4 particular ‘i —— State for suggestion Not binding X governov Psowes Art — Amendment in Art 1and2 ana Sohedule land 2 will vot be dealth 45 amendment under Avt 368° amendment of It and uth senedule . Seatgin RS only by * 1954 - Serubari Hain Case India territory if has +0 be given to Foreign territory a Art 368% * with Special majority * 2014= India and Bangladesh boundary dispute Indo- Bangladesh tooth CA agreement ° India's Few parts — Bangladesh * Bangladesh Few parte= india 7© 194% — 552 Princely State (Total) S44 joined India LOtet ein Gen 3 did not want to Kotturu Seetayya- once action, cafesvevduen intrument gupta did ove arion POLO OF accession not agree’. oy 194g) by Manavaja Hari6ingh © 1950s = 4 Fold classification Part A Pave B Part © Vort D— AGN islands Basha ke aadnar pe we Linguistic Proviseion Commission Linguistic basis «SK Dhar Commission, 144 modet— X » states to be organised on the basis 7© IVE Committee 1948 + + States Should not be formed jnguistic iS weribats on Linguistic basi + JL Nebru, Valiabnai Patel, Pattabhisitaramayya © 1963 — Poth Srivamulu + Fast unto death * aftev his death — St linguistic State oP main Formed —> Andhva Pradeéh (ass) > 0» basis of language Teluga speaking ~~ Sepl oct area # + States Reorganisation Commission/ Fazal Ali Commisgion (bec, 1453) Fazal Ali (chaiyman) + 3 members Sy eM Fannikay HN Kunzru Recommendations rejected the theory oF ‘one language One State’ accepted the linguistic basis oF Formation of State State Keorganibation Act, 1456 fe Part A, B,Cand DX—THOA, 1956 ith CA — UT a Daman % Diu ut _7 Sti anuT 198% , 560A — Statehood to Goa at Dadra and Nagar Haveli —10*CA — ur now merged With Daman and Diu Formation of States TRICK 3A — ate Andhra Pradesh . *T Noy 1956 —> Full Fledged state OA = Maharastra, 1460 pare — TG — Gujrat , 1460 C al — Nagaland, 1963 BE — Haryana , 966 t — Himachal Pradesh, ian Mer = +- Meghalaya , 1472 A — Manipur > arrger — & — Tripura , 1472 Br — Sieeim 1475 Chogyal ak - Arunachal Dynasty Pradesh, 1987 ; Associate State, Art LA — 3th CA, a4 I Complete Statehood - Mizoram » 1487 36 CA, 1975 THICK | Art ott Special powersto MH & GJ © Avt3tLA " " ¢o NE + Avbatl 6 “to AS o Art 37 © "+o MN > > LPr.zZz « Avt37 D " +9 AP Telangana > + Artstl E| Contra University estalishment — AP* * © At 371 F Seven sister\ PARMA » Assam Art 371G + Arunachal + Nagatana, Art 371 + Manipur + Mizoram Avt37tt of Meghalaya. + Tripura Art 3ud kr Article No. _| Subject-matter 371 Special provision with respectto the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. 371-A. Special provision with fespect to the state of Nagaland 371-B. Special provision with respect to the state of Assam 371-C. Special provision with respect to the state of Manipur 371-D. ‘Special provisions with respect to the state of Andhra Pradesh or the state of Telangana 371-E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh 371-F. Special provisions with respect to the state of Sikkim 371-G. Special provision with respect to the state of Mizoram 871 +H. Special provision with respect to the state of Arunachal Pradesh 37151 Special provision with respect to the state of Goa 371 = J. Special provisions with respect to the state of Karnataka* Part venga (aninerat) ‘can Art 5-it regulated by Parliament * Single Citizenship —» UK dual UusA § citizenship Before the Commencement Afi®i 26 Jan i450 i icc i + CltigenBhip Act 1965 +26 Jan 1450 *} Art 5-6 9 Niwaas mmm ArtS — Should have a domicile in india - Born in india Either of Parent ave born in india Ordinary vesident For atteast Syrs Aftey commencement | OF Constitution comme Ark6 — Those who ave migrated to india from Pak moving ome Art? — India —» Pak ——> India ee of migrants of KK After participationomen Art 6 — Citizenship of Indian origins residing outeide India ummm Art 4— Person voluntarily acquiring citizenship of @ foreign country loses Indian Citizenship » _ Dual crtizenship Xe ome Artlo — Continuance of rignts oF Citizenchip - By renunciation — byownwitt — By Termination — voluntarily acquire citizenship oF other country By depriviation . «document matfuntion Bi Oescont — Born outside india but Melbing enemy country Parents -¥ Indian citizen At Way with India — By Registration — Origin: India (7yrs residing in India) by Naturalisation — Origin: NotoFindia ; (12 yrs vesiding By incorporation of in indie) Territoriesiyrs 14 yre remaining Total: I2yrs in India in India 1S yrs * must Know any one Indian lanquage + cAtass LEM > Amendmentz01anCcary 6 communikes From 3 2 SBME rela- ation through Naturi- Sahon Bangladesh, Pak , Afghanistan “SeHindur bik, Parsi Jain, am ~* ‘christian, Buddhist dueto injushce on these Sea * nas to live in India For nies 6 yrs Chaos caused — Muslims not due to included+ Port i = Cisne Rights (FR) A * borrowed From USA —> Magna. Carta + our Fs —> more comprehencive Provisions + Fe ave not absolute but quauried = limit hai —> unless en- croaching othér's rights o nu 4 © Sancrosact - ave not permanent —> cheéna jaSakta hai payliamentike dwara oe duving National Emergency and ma Martial Lai + 4 Lt aves justitvable in nature MaNyanyogya —> inke Virudh nyan milega remarks Abbreviated terms ne FRs - Fundamental rights FD — Fundamentat duty SC = Supreme court HC = High Court+ SLX FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIA se @ wou 10 cquauity © wWGenT To rreepom RELIGION EB ED zicut To rRecpom of * originally — T-fundamendal rights At present — 6 fFundamendad rights * Right to propérty- hata diya —> under 4uCA, a7e Now Art 300A —> @ legal right PM: Movaji Desar (1978)Art 2 — Derines the term State Govt- Govt- body | Partiam. Goyt- Local /other Qutnorities a aa volthin the territory oF india — Artig — Any law which is in\inconsistence/ controversial With FRS&)-—> court tan declove Nuwe Void includes — Ordinance , order, bye - law (temporary law), weguiahons . Constitutional Amendment is not a law exception —> Kesayvnanda Bhavii Case (1973) Nowhere written | in Covshtution Basic str if destroyed —> treated Nual & VoidArt 14-18 — Artlh4— Right to Equality concept: ue A equality before law —Kanun ke Samne 64b saman nai = concept: USA exceptions: equal protection of Presidents, MPIMLAS gn [ayo cannot ve arrested _ tive enowiad be treated a He alike group treated &: Subsidy byGovt- equally +0 S0tiaily back- ward community that is vot applicable for vommal janta AIS — Equality to Status | Right againet diserimination fo qendev/ race Icaste/ sex | religion] place oF birth only —> Discrimination «use OF wells, 1anKs + bathing ghats, vestaurantss te.+ — AytlIG — Equality to public employment ARMA Gender/ race Icaste | sex | religion] place oF birth/ descvoncy —>Discrimination Artie lay — Promotion and Reservation in appointment not a yoilation oF Right torequality Cases + Balaji VeState oF Mysore * Pevdasan’ Ve Union of India Case t_Indiva Sawhney Case (1442) ( also Known ‘ Mandal Commigsion (1979) - S je ees “heouce (294 back werd class) oe — Reservation t00BC (2#7) * Reservation + Social, basig + promotion # No Economic aane Ke baad, ic i jation to esevvaton —> basis X goa 4 Gated 50/ Cad Gohcenesing ass L, v-p singh elOe, — AYt IT — Untouchapility nahi A Ark ig — Abolition of Tite LL state cannot provide title ex: Maharaja » Diwaanrete exception = Educational Military (\¥~ Excellency Art 14-22 — Right to Freedom undereasonable restriction Arby 01 A\ CUR, 4 hata diya hai under Hum CA, 1978 TRICK assemble without move anywhere ° arms (not degtroy (0x: Prostitutes public a cannot move every Speech & exp- @ © Occuparionf rescion association! Reside anywhere —-tHade/ profos- (cannot defame unions Cin tribes ave0sX) fo ae (not Knatistan anyone) nook traf icwing)Right to Freedom Art 19-22 * Article 19. Protection of certain rights regarding ARMA! freedom of speech etc. The six Freedoms + 19(1) All citizens shall have the right Aa) to freedom of speech and expression but by Utpatang — provedure established by vights 165 iaw - Ariicleke under Gopalan Case Menaka Gendninbase = Narvow —Wide Stance. Stance = rightivlife/ —SC ovevtuned Gopalan Case —> Videsh jake Woapas AA baKte hai and Bhayat aa sakte vai ‘proceduve estabusned by Jaw+ due process of law Art 21 (A) — Right to primary education Nofin y x . . Constitution we \.) SirP primary BbIPCA, 200? eaucation — FD changes — wiganing> unfair Van to be declared null and void Bt 22 — Protection against arrest G detention Punitive detention Ma detention P . . Crime Kav Sokte. Suchit Kiya jayega— hai —> ussi crime Kyun avrest kiya hai? Keo rokua @ @ 24 ghante ke andar © Magistvate Ke Samne prastoot Legal wagil milega+ Art 23-24 — Rignt against Explortation ARMAI Art 22 — Human traFfic- King & Forced Labour —> Pronivited exception: Arto — Child labour — pi woreinchte Under this article i ; . onipited —> ut in now: State can force people Pronipited a et in +0 do Compulsory below 14 yré Services cannot be employed &: During War in hazexdous placel dlangerous places Ak 25-28 — Freedom oF *Keligion Art 25 - Freedom of Conscience ~~ \ individual Art 26 = Collective vights of group — to manage religious Denomination APFalré Art2T= Drarm ke naam pe tax Art28 — Dhoymic inctruction—> Not allowed in govt. aided schoolsArt 24-30 — Cultural and Educational rights Art24 — Kignt to protect language » 6cvipt culture ean wevids OF every citizen education +0 His! ¢ vey onital in native Art 30- Establishment oF language religious educational institutes —> only for minorities — Art 82-35 — Right torConctitutional Kemedies® (night to maulik adhikav) isse kovke 8 jan Sakti Nod when Voilat- ed Avt 32-* Heartand Soulor ‘estaba BR Ambedkor Art 926 — HC jaa sakta hai when rights y voilated ++ Writs V6 Jurisdiction ARMA! * 0 Cannot refuse to issue writ but HC can. © HC writ jurisdiction io wider than 60 writ jurisdiction 4 SC can iecue writs For Fs only but HC can iseue t+ For born FREY Legal rights Tee UNDER ARTICLE 32 006 +o have a body oF + arrested person Ko lee aao we command + Ogan mand Kaam neni ho yaha + Kisi Ko mana Karna *SC can 26K HC to remain in its jurisdiction + Orders quashed by ee i ie + digrick court doesn't remain eB y what autnority. OF? + public office hold Karna. jiska entitiled na hoArt 33 — Parliament power to restrict Fe oF armed personnels — Avt 34 — Restriction on FRs while Martios Law is in force only in pavticiiay area. Art 35 = Power to make laws'to give effect yer Not to Foveigners * Rights available to Citizens 151 16 199.24, 30+ Artis — Bhavat Rama and Padma Awords A * Imp. vignts —> Avt 21. and Avt 19 most imp tan Art iq * undev Art 21, the vight to livlinood a6a port of vignt to life was retained due to —> Olga Tellics Ve Bombay Municipas Corpovation Case + PM when right to property was scrapped asa Fs — Moraji Desai + During 42CA = Indira Gandhi, 1476latey added + Part iV — Divective Principle of State Policy A Rajya Ko nivdesh + logo Ko Kaam dena, ateni wage dena, ere. Used to check consti- +utionad value of any law « Independence oF Judiciary + dudicial veview oF Indias From USA rr Paina Are 36- Meaning of State = everything (Same asiAuti2) Ox: GOVE bodies, cevitvalgov, ete. — AWEZT- They ave non-justiciable court nani jaa Sartre DPSP *Non=(usticiable rights (resembles) tion — DPSP - @dI Act 1955) governor general Ko ins- . truction diye * Novel feature of Constitution = 6-R.AmbedKay gaye the. uct * Cooperative Federalism (india) — Grainville Austin called ‘Deer’ Quasi- federal nai — KC Wheave+ DPSP Seek to estaviish a welfave-etate ARMA Lok - Ralya Ka pain * Establishes Gocial and Economic democracy Fundamenta Rights - Political democracy Art 34 Art 34A Art Ao! Avt3s Welfare LBC PHC Free legalaid = Farichayat Art as Living <— ‘4S eight to Work wages humane conditions Artal + maternity leaves Aran Participation of Workers in the, Management of: Ina Classification not Areusa @iven in Constitution Samajhwads Rese Net in OrderArts (Livelinoog - Lb equally Material resources @)ietribution -D ©oncentration — C (P)a y For equal work For both sexes — P ealth and strength of workers — H ©hitaren — © — Art44 = Uniform Civil Code = Sabke liye Samanta Arka = Early éhila@iped.care (0-6yrs) Arr aG — Art4g — Monuments —_APRAT = intoxicants —— Avt $0 — Sepayation oF Judiciary & Executive Art HB Slaugivtering oF Cows = AE SI = International Peace & Cooperation — ArtueA — To protect environment+ Amendments poor — Free legal aid to poor — S4A Gana: Worker — particicipation of workeys - 43A Child — opportunites for their healthy development - 34 environment ~48A 44th = to minimise inequality in income status Facility and opportunities — Art 38 iusroin ‘FR (Fundamental rights) (86M brought byAvt 214 ; Art 45 ——> Drsp (changes made), FD (Fundatal duties) @ayly childhood cave - O-byrs (State) Art SACP) % Guiavdiané duty +o provide education b= yrs “AT — Coope¥ative Soviety — Art 43e Eundamental Riqnts Vs DPSP + Champakam Dorairajan Case - SC Said (1481) FR aye amendmendable FR would prevail over Drse* Golaknath Case (1967) — Parliament cannot take away FR By Parliament 24th CA - Fovliament can amend FR 25%™CA —> No law Which Seek to impliment Acro (by) bc) Shall.be decl mec Nuit & Yoideniitine grounds oP Art 14 and Arta = No suth law shail be questioned in any quote * Kesaynanda Bharti Case (1443) —_ 13 bench judges case Payliament can amend FR fowevey mugt cannot disturb the Basic Structuve of Const- itution (24 cA) 25 CA — It provision ~ = 2"4 provision - unconstitutional * Mineral Mill Case - Indian Const- is found on the bedrock of the balance betr FR G DPsp& + «"Divective Principte of State Policy ave like check on Bank payable at convinience of he bank"—> Pyr. K T ShahOe + Savdev Swavan Singn — USSR ARMA *@—> Recommed — Total jo duties | only applicable 42"4 CA 1976 to Indians and not Foreigners . FD Were not originally partof Constitution — Part IVA (Artsi) Last FD —> SIA (i) wae added through 66 CA ag at presend—TeFD SIA CK) > guardians duty to provide @ducation to 6-14 SIA urs de by the Constitution and res tions, the National Flagand the abide aro b= Bhagat Singh Cc - 3duties a ~- todefend pe nscending religious, si . linguistic and diversities ; to renounce @ = panch — to promote equali~ Practlees dero: ity of women ; @ to value and preserv’ ritage oF our composite ture’: —- F - Fort © to protect and imprdve the | environment including forestaylakes, ve tesco FrBossion fo tina pr ELE ——P Qn Areenary © to develop the sdentific anism and the spirit of inquiry and, —— h — humanism occ buses? | — eye — Non-Vvoitence ial onc + eye Foran eye o> j —jeddu- Jadeja MK Gandhi (ail rounder:« FD have economical , Social G economic Significance ++ Part V- Union Executive © Art 52-78 ——t— | {| & Law-maker Law impie- Law Review vii ‘ . ene ‘9 union Executive President V- President PM+Council Attorney oF Minister General Union Executive ‘President Ark 62 - theve Sh al be 2 President of India, who Shall be the Head of Union Executive President is the head of the country “Ri¥63- Executive power of union shai titeitden ak indin vest in President + Supreme Comm—- ana no muy andey oF all tne defence Forces V: President Army, Navy» Airforce+ — President is elected by a electoral college Elected (MP;+MLAs) Listes LA Elected LoX —> due to uniformity . in election Nomina and parityibet" LS-O the State Nominated members do not take part in the election of President seéking election? “Art 55 - Manner of election security Aeposit oF 15,0007 Indivect — 6 ; President, V- Pres- No defect- ident, ion provigion et aivectiy in President's 4 People case ” a Proportional + Single TraFerrable Representation Vote By Secret Ballot * 50 proposers + 5O Secondevs - President elections + Quota.= _ Total yotes £1 No-of Candidates+i + Value of vote oF ail MLAs = _ Total population oF State x 4 No: of elected MLA ‘toro + Value oFvote of MP = Total value oF votes of all MLAs Total no: oF elected MPSAntS6- Term oF President : Syrs Resignation —2—» V. President ArtS7- Re-election of President : anyno-oF times Naturalized citizen can become President Max. Serving President: Dr. Rajeridva Prasad 4 Served as Vice-Presi- : Dr..Sarvapalli Kadnakrichnan dent 2 times Art 58 - Qualification @ F Litizen of india ‘ied to be appoined @LLe%ehoudsnot nota office of profit V: President Minister -AvP54 - Condition of office of President President shall not be member of the house of Parliament @ state legislature iba member Should deemed to Vacate his seat before being appointed a8 PresidentL Emoluments @ allowances Shall not be diminished duying hie term ‘Av¥60- Oath of President —L—> Ct \P not present then Senior most judge —Art61 — For voilation of Constitution — now? All MPs (elected+ nominated ) Kesolution * a doys prior notice + either in ve/ RS a + Signed, by Mot tess dan i of the total members of the house How? Syeda Majon: +otal membership of the house > Quasi- ii er dludictos ouse = Special Majority process President gets imp- eached+ ARMA! Difference + MLAs participate in Presidents election but not in impeachment + Nominated MPs do not take in election but participate in impeachment Art 62 - Election to Fill vacancy 2UTS.nave Legislative Assembly term completed — President aT office, Khasi Rani venna. sheng» Death chahiye — election vefore that All MLAs Resign | V: President /Cib/ Judge oF Sc Penticipets acts & Acting, Removal +) President (max. 6 montns) TRICK - Article52 The Presi of India —$———————» Article 53. Executive pow8Fof the Union ———__—_—_—_—-» Article 54 \Electiofiiof, President ArtideSS Manner of election of President ‘Article $6 etm of office of President ileS7 Eligibility for re-election ——————> Articl®S8_. Qualifications for election as President pin 4 Conditions of President's office. —> Article 60 Gath or affirmation by the President ——————> Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President Article 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office fT president3 Viec President sAvt 63-71 4": Jagdeep Dhankar VICE PRESIDENTS OF INDIA Sarvapaili P Radhakrishnan Seekingelection? — ~ Security deposit - Re 15,000 /— There Shall be & Vice President of India Art 64 SV.P Shall be ex offeio chaiyman of Council operate CRs] “Wit 65- VP to act as President during casual yacancies Art66= Election of V-P ® electoral collage — All MPs manner of election - Proportional +STV . representa- Volingthrough = tion S€tveat ballotQL ver cna nor be member of eitner house of Parliament & stote legislature (Same as President) Citizen of India Age: 3Syrs. 7 G ) @ — Showa not hoid any office of profit = Art 6 — Term: Syre OE eesignation —2+> President (vice-versa) All the then members effective majovity and agreed by LS. will be present until being replaced by another (new) ve“Art 68 - Time of holding election to Fil Vacancy — 60 days Ke andar “Arted = Oath LoPresident “Art 70 - Dishavge of Presidents Function in other cortigencies * Ave7l All election doubts and disputes in the case of election = President and V- President Shall be ingdived"Bind dedided by SC orily Yo bhi kaam kiya hai inke dwaye — responsibilities carried’on and before till thentime is‘ Valid’ Votes — 20 proposers + 20 electors B € D 95 proposer 4 z 2—> Preference based 3 2 4 1St preference Kisko mili hai? 4 t 3 : . me G Quota? = Winner+ ARMA! Art 72 — — Pardoning Power oF President Difference. + Governor cannot Death Sentence: pavdon Deatn’Sentences + Goverioy cannot ArF160-- — Pardoning power of Governor pardon Court Martiat + Longest serving V-P - Hamid Ansari Conly V-P to-Serve under three presidents + third VP of Indias VV Gite R westiane 1St_ Dr. Sawapalli Rad ha- Krishnan 2"4_ Zakir Hussain ga- viv: GinARMA! * Fart V - The PM + COMs « PavtVi- The Governoy Different Kaam Karwata nai Classifications of different ministers not mentioned in Constitution Gtate Legislature) = Council of Ministers to aide State Ke case main advise Prasident APES) PM Ki jagan CM * Advise by CoMe ———> President ‘Grenie binding thi, indiva | President Ki jagah Gandni Ke time pe) Governov (baaki- 44M CA — Advise by CoMs to President penli paar same) awtoya ja. Saka or arsine 7 oe ‘binding’ hai, main — its nor Gerennsiter) binding (can return any time) President (Head of the courtry, elected) Ny» de jure head, Nominal nead Headed ale Facto coms <—— pm Se Real Head Head of Govt. Parliamentary Presidential a | USAos ARMA! Not ay Att 352(3) @ originally . mentio- 1 Cabinet ned in Const: Winter oF state Deputy Minister, Art74 (2) (Grate Legislature) + Kya advise diya CoMs ne President? (2) 163 ( Court nahi ja sakte President ki jagan Governor “Art 75 = Other Provisions as to Ministers) Art 164 @ Appointing authority Head of any 4aty sammie A in majority it Other —> Governor pM > President ps minister on advice CoMs => President (on aaviceof PM) oF CM part oF @ Lome a -n “(Me + PM stvengin ~ shall not ee A # forainooF ‘ioe ee een members oF LA only eater — has, houseof people Spee teens aust cA © same as + agar Koi bhi member disqualifies — on the grounds of defiection — cannot become Minister Dalbadal* ARMA! © efor et tania) © @ to Houseof People’ Lok Sabna e President ki jaqan Oath & Presiaent aes: Kist house a member nahi © ts Ga ® Kigi outside member Ko PM or any vely responsible minister banaya jaa sakta hai — but needs, toLA Membership of any house within 6 months Oath —Gover= vor 2 PM can be a member of either Viouse of Pavilarment (RS/LS) ah ntal © Salary & allowances - decided by Farliament + membership oF LA not LS in Case of State 7 Aes same resign ‘death © oem, Qe > remove) al | Com dissolves —p> MIME eS ag: Nehrudied PM in 1464 Vacancy ee Longest served PM: leyrs 286days + Gulzayilal Nanda (senior . : death pi. most) Indira Ganani <—— Gulzarilal Actingas ye linkage Part vt Art 76 — Arrucs Avt 1T = ——\_ Art 166 Art 78 Art |6FGovenov FartVi = State Executive Art 183 — There shall be Governor of tne State — Exewtive Power of State Art 155 - Appointed by President Art 156 — Term of Govenoy — Syre Serves Until the pleagure OF President Quatification oF Governor, Citizen oF India 35 yrs oP lage #F Any persomcan ‘be appointed as Governor of twoor move States — THCA, 1956 Art 158 Condition OF Governor's office provisions same OS President “Art 4- Oain > Chier Justice oF HE % No removal oF Governor (Sees until the pleasure of President) + Same'as President Art 52 Art 63 Art ShtAtss Art 56 Art 58 Art 54 Art 60+ ARMA! Art 180 - Disenarge oF Functions oF Governor in some exigencies Art 161 - Paydoning power of Governor Art 72, Art 162 — Extent of executive power of State Governor | + Titulay Head of the State + Nominee oF Central govt-/ Agent oF Central govt- + SC — Governor of a State ie nota employment under Certyal govt- * Enlitied to Such emolumentg———> decided by Chairman of Parliament “NIT ANOS eis 2National Dicoster Management : Gutorstate Céuiiel 4 y* L NDE (rofin existanteno.) - Autvority “PM OF India without becoming @ Union oF Cabinet Minister — > HD Deve Gowda - citizenship! ry isi Par\ia- Raising oFeNational Fag at Red ———> PM Provisional : ment] election alvea- Fort on Independence Day dyimposea 26th Nov 1444, Republic Day ——> 26 Jan Tass Const Flag hoisting = 26 Jan 1430, by PMat — Firet Independence ya st bath Day Celebration Lahore Session 26Jan 1450 Enforced Constitution& ARMA! . Atal Binavi Vajpayee —> Served as PM for 13 days No confidence motion yaiseal . Green Minigty——> Ministry oF New & Renewable Energy ‘In 1474, Chayan Singh replaced Moraji Degai ag PM First PM to resign From OFFive + First woman +o become PM of a cou —-» Sirimavo Bhandharnaike, 1475 (Sri Lanka) Whole world + Fret foreign Minister of free India- J L Nenu -/Givaey Patel - Firet Home Minioter + Minister oF Information and Broad- cocking + BR Ambedkar - First Law Minieter + JL Nehru first external affairs Minister + Commonwealth relation Minister Rajendra Prasad - Food and Agvicultwal Minister