Calibration Curve (Regression Analysis)

Conc. 0 0.5 1 2 5 7.5 RSQ Gradient Intercept WL 400.0 0.001 -0.012 0.037 0.237 0.74 1.216 0.990967 0.168996 -0.08082

For standard with concentration of 0.5x10-4M, we notice that the absorbance value is negative, hence it should be eliminated. After elimination the reading for 0.5x104 M, we carry out a Studentized residuals test for the remaining 5 readings. Below are the details:

The table of unusual residuals lists all observations which have Studentized residual s greater than 2 in absolute value. Studentized residuals measure how many stand ard deviations each observed value of WL 400.0 deviates from a model fitted using all of the data except that observation. In this case, there is one Studentized residu al greater than 3. We should take a careful look at the observations greater than 3 to determine whether they are outliers which should be removed from the model an d handled separately.

Unusual Residuals Row 1 Conc. WL 400.0 0 0.001 Predicted Predicted WL 400.0 -0.0743809 Residual 0.0753809 Studentized Residual 5.39

Therefore, we are prompted to remove the reading for the blank from our regression analysis since its Studentized residual is much greater than 3. After removal of the blank reading, we obtain the report as follow: Coefficients Least Squares Parameter Estimate Intercept Slope -0.136449 0.179084 Standard Error 0.017121 0.00368705 T Statistic -7.96967 48.5709

P-Value 0.0154 0.0004

Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squar Df es Model 0.839857 1 Residual 0.000712005 2 Total (Corr.) 0.840569 3

Mean Squar F-Ratio P-Value e 0.839857 2359.13 0.0004 0.00035600 2

R-squared = 99.9153 percent The output shows the results of fitting a linear model to describe the relationship be tween WL 400.0 and Conc. The equation of the fitted model is WL 400.0 = -0.136449 + 0.179084*Conc Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.05, there is a statistically signific ant relationship between WL 400.0 and Conc at the 95.0% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 99.9153% of the variability in WL 400.0. The correlation coefficient equals 0.999576, indicating a rel

atively strong relationship between the variables. The standard error of the estimat e shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 0.018868. We can now determine the concentration of the unknown sample by interpolating from the curve:

Conc Blank

WL400.0 Blank 0.136449 0.179084

0.136449 0.066 1. 130 5 10 4 M 0.179084