UTILITIES 1 | QUIZ 2 REVIEWER Overcurrent Protection

Building Electrical Materials and Equipment  Overcurrent Protection (OCP) Devices

 they safeguard the building service or an
Power Station individual circuit from excessive current flows
- an industrial facility that houses the prime mover,  protects the circuit components from severe
electric generator and auxiliaries overheating that will cause an excessive
- a facility or system for the generation of electrical temperature to rise in conductors
power  Fuses & Circuit breakers
Ê serve as automatic OCP devices
Building Electrical Service Equipment Ê designed to open a circuit if the amount of
current exceeds the OCP device rating
 Service Entrance Conductors
 Circuit Breakers
 Conductors that carry power from the transformer
Ê device designed to open/close a circuit by
through a metering device
non-automatic means
 Service Drop
Ê open the circuit automatically on a
Ê Overhead wires extending from a pole-
predetermined overcurrent without damage to
mounted distribution transformers
itself
 Service Lateral
Ê Underground or buried service entrance
conductors
 Service Entrance  Fuses
 Components that connect the utility-supplied Ê device with a circuit-opening fusible part that
wiring to the service disconnect is heated and severed by the passage of
 Service Entrance Equipment overcurrent through it
Ê Receives the service entrance conductors
Ê Includes:
o Method of measuring power
o Method of cutting off power
Ê GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUSES
o Overcurrent protection devices
1. Cartridge Fuse – enclosed in insulating
 Service Disconnect tube
Ê Required part of the service entrance 2. Plug Fuse - enclosed in porcelain or
equipment; allows electrical service from rubber used in electrical appliances
the utility company to be switched off 3. Fuse Wire – opened wire of low melting
Ê Set of fuses or a circuit breaker that point used in safety power switch
protects the service entrance conductors 4. Non-time Delay Fuse – holds 5 times
 Switchboards its rating for ¼ to 2 seconds
 Large cabinet or assembly of metal cabinets 5. Dual-element Time Delay Fuse - holds
 Panelboards 5 times the rating for 10 seconds
 One or more metal cabinets that serve as a single
unit PEC – Philippine Electrical Code
 Equipped with or without switches for the control
of light, heat, and power circuits 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125,
 Building Transformers 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700,
 rated in kVA 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, and
 typical sizes: 3 6 9 15 25 30 37.5 45 75 112.5 150 6000 amperes – standard ampere ratings for fuses and
225 300 500 750 1000 1500 kVA, etc inverse time circuit breakers
 Transformers
Ê used in transmitting and distributing power
from the power plant to a substation OCP Device Ratings
 Overcurrent Rating
 highest current it can carry continuously without
exceeding a specific temperature limit
Ê Step-down Transformer  Interrupting Capacity
o steps down the voltage applied  current that a fuse is able to interrupt without
o used in buildings to reduce building being destroyed or causing an electric arc with
system voltages to useable levels unacceptable duration
Ê Step-up Transformer
o steps up the voltage applied Utilization Equipment and Devices
 Utilization Equipment 1. SPST (Single Pole Single Throw)
 broad category of electrical or electronic machine _ used to control a single or group of lamps
 designed to perform a specific mechanical, from one location
chemical, or lighting function through the use of _ has only 2 terminals
electrical energy 2. SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) / Three Way
 Electric Appliance _ used to control a single lamp from two
 an end-use piece of utilization equipment different locations
 designed to perform a specific function such as _ has 3 terminals
cooking, cleaning, cleaning, cooling, heating 3. Four-way Switch
 Electrical Device _ used to control a single lamp from three or
 component in an electrical system more different locations
 designed to carry but not use electricity _ has 4 terminals
 switches, receptacles, and relays 4. 4 Locations
_ Two 2-way and two 4-way
Outlet 5. 5 Locations
 location in a branch circuit where electricity is used _ Two 2-way and three 4-way
6. 6 Locations
Receptacle _ Two 2-way and four 4-way
 female connecting device with slotted contacts Disconnect

 Safety Power Switch
Plug  mechanical switching device used to isolate a circuit or
an equipment from the supply side
 male connecting device that has two or more prongs
 could be fused or non-fuse type
that are inserted into a receptacle to connect to an
 Standard Ratings – 30, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800,
electrical circuit
1200, 1400, 1600, 1800
Switch
Conductors
 an electrical component that can break an electrical
 Electrical Conductor
circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one
Ê any material that conducts electrical current
conductor to another
Ê solid or stranded
Switches Symbol Switches Symbol Ê Solid – single solid length of conductor called a
Three Way/ Four wire
Single Pole S S3 W / S4 W
Way Ê Stranded – consist of smaller wire strands
Duplex (2 single
pole switch on S2 Automatic Door S AD
one switch plate)
Triplex (3 single
pole switch on S3 Key Operated SK
one switch plate)
Double Pole S2 P Master Selector SM  Bus Bar
Three-Pole S3 P Remote Control S RM Ê electrical conductor that serves as a common
connection for two or more electrical circuits
Ê solid bars used for power distribution
Ê found in panelboards, switchboards, etc.
Ê either fat strips or hollow tubes
 Cable
Ê contains more than one conductor bundled
together in a factory assembly of wire
Ê outer sheathing encases and protects conductors
Ê stranded conductor or a group of conductors
insulated from one another
 Insulated Conductor
Ê conductor encased within material of
composition or thickness recognized by the PEC
as electrical insulation
 Covered Conductor

Switches for Lamp Controls

 Ê conductor encased within material of  maximum current it can carry continuously without
composition or thickness that is not recognized exceeding the temperature limitations of the insulation
by the PEC as electrical insulation  Based on the following:
 Bare Conductor o Wire thickness
Ê conductor having no covering or electrical o Type of conductor material
insulation o Insulation and sheathing type
 Raceway o Number of conductors bundled in the
Ê enclosed channel for holding wires, cables, or sheathing
busbars o Temperature and exposure of the conductor
Building Wires Enclosures
Thermoplastic Cables  electrical boxes and cabinets made of metal that
 single insulated conductor of solid or stranded bare provide protection
annealed high conductivity copper, with thermoplastic Electrical Boxes
lead free insulation of PVC
 metal and non-metallic enclosures that hold devices
such as switches or outlets
 available in 4 primary shapes: square, rectangular,
octagonal, or round
Junction Boxes (J-Boxes)
 special type of electrical box used to enclose conductor
connections
 Connections are commonly called JUNCTIONS in the
Conductor Application and Insulations
trade

Pull Box
 Type of junction box that allows access to a raceway
for snaking conductors through the raceway
Raceway
 an enclosed channel such as a conduit, tube, or gutter
designed for holding wires, cables, or busbars
Wire Coding and Identification  Type of Conduits:
a) Rigid Metal Conduit
b) Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
c) Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
d) Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT)
e) Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit
f) Flexible Metal Conduit
g) Liquid Tight Flexible Metal Conduit
h) Liquid Tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit
i) Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways
Busway
Codes printed on the thermoplastic insulation. Identify the
wire as suitable for use in conduit:  standardized, factory-assembled enclosure consists of
outer duct-like housing, bus bars, and insulators
a. THHN
b. THWN Wire Gutters or Wireways
Conductor’s Ampacity  metal sheet or nonmetallic, flame-resistant plastic
troughs that serve as a housing that encloses and
protects conductors
Electric Motors
 found in refrigerators, freezers, dishwashers, kitchen
sink waste disposal, portable kitchen appliances,
exhaust and ventilation fans, clothes washers and
dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, and paddle fans.