Ethan LaSalle P1 Psychology Chapter 7 Vocabulary Consciousness- our awareness of ourselves and our environment William James Stream

of Consciousness- the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind, the full range of thoughts that once can be aware of Biological Rhythms- periodic physiological fluctuations Circadian Rhythms- the biological clock, regular body rhythms that occur on a 24hour cycle REM Sleep/ Paradoxical- rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage which vivid dreams commonly occur, muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active Alpha Waves- the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state Sleep- Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness Stages of NREM Sleep- 1: unremembered dive into sleep, 2: sleep spindles, 3: delta waves are released, 4: delta wave release is continued Delta Waves- the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep Hallucinations- false sensory experiences Insomnia- recurring problems in falling or staying asleep Narcolepsy- a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks Sleep Apnea- a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings Night Terrors- a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, seldom remembered Dream- a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind; known for hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities Manifest Content- the remembered story line of a dream Latent Content- the underlying meaning of a dream

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis- dreams are as meaningful as they ca n be under the adverse working conditions of the brain in REM sleep; the reason that dream content often seems disoriented or bizarre is because the activated brain-mind does its best to attribute meaning to the internally generated signals of the brain REM Rebound- the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation Hypnosis- a social interaction in which one person suggest to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur Suggestibility- quality of being inclined to accept and act on the suggestions of others Posthypnotic suggestion- a suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized Dissociation- a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to simultaneously occur with others Ernest Hilgard- a vivid form of everyday mind splits Psychoactive Drug- a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood Tolerance- the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug Withdrawal- the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug Physical Dependence- a physiological need for a drug Psychological Dependence- a psychological need to use a drug Addiction- compulsive drug craving and use Depressants- drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions Barbiturates- drugs that depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment Opiates- opium and its derivatives that depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety Stimulants- drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions Amphetamines- drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Methamphetamine- a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine level Ecstasy- a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy; harms serotonin neurons Hallucinogens- psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input LSD- a power hallucinogen THC- the major active ingredient in marijuana Near Death Experience- an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations Meditation- any form of practice in which practitioners train their minds or selfinduce a mode of consciousness to realize some benefit