CE-401: Design of Steel Structures
Design of Compression
Members
Compression Members
Different Forms of Buckling
Most Common is the Euler’s Buckling
It is Also Called as Overall Buckling
Compression Members
Different Forms of Buckling
There is a little bit different form of Buckling also exists
Compression Members
Different Forms of Buckling
See Closely the Difference
Compression Members
Local Buckling (Local Stability)
It is Called Local Buckling
In this Buckling Member
or Column Does Not Show
Overall Buckled Shape
Buckling Occurs Only in
Small Regions
It is Called Local Buckling
Compression Members
Local Buckling
In Local Buckling Only Cross-
section DISTORT
While in the Overall Buckling
Member Buckles But Cross-
section Remains PERFECT
Compression Members
More Local Buckling Examples
Compression Members
More Local Buckling in Real Column
Compression Members
Local Buckling
Local Buckling Depends
upon mainly Thickness of
local Elements of Cross-
section
Local Elements of Cross-sections
are the Flanges and Webs
Compression Members
Local Buckling
More Specifically, Local Buckling Depends upon
Width to Thickness Ratios of Flanges and Web of
cross-section
Compression Members
Local Buckling
Local Buckling will Not Occur if λ of Flange Does not
Exceed a Limiting Value λr
Compression Members
Local Buckling
Similarly for Webs Local Buckling will Not Occur if λ
of web Does Not Exceed by a Limiting Value λr
Compression Members
Local Buckling Limits in Different Sections
Compression Members
Local Buckling Limits in Different Sections
Compression Members
Local Buckling Limits in Different Sections
Compression Members
Local Buckling Example
Check for Flange
Compression Members
Local Buckling Example
Check for Web
Table for Compression Members
• The manual contains many useful tables for analysis
and design.
• For compression members whose strength is governed
by flexural buckling, Table 4‐22 in Part 4 of the manual
can be used.
• This table gives values of (for LRFD) and (for
ASD) as a function of Kl/r for various values of Fy.
• Column load tables give the available strength of
selected shapes, both for LRFD and ASD as a function
of Kl.
Example 2:
1
Example 1:
Solution:
Design…
• How the Column is designed?
• Load and Steel Type along with Height and
Story Constraints will be Given.
• The general procedure is to Assume a shape
and then compute its Compressive Strength.
Design…
Example 2:
1
Example 3:
LRFD Sol:
Example 4:
LRFD Sol:
Example 5:
LRFD Sol:
Can Any column of
W18 having
Ag > 20.2
will work ?
Design…
Design… Further Help
Therefore only one assumption of Ag or fcr is not found
good in the design of columns. Because at first step,
ANY W18 Sec having min Ag of 20.2 appeared
sufficient, but later on found NOT GOOD.
Addition of one more parameter of KL/r could help in
reducing the iterations
For e.g. in previous example one can assume a
reasonable KL/rmin value and find rmin to be provided:
Assuming KL/rmin = 110 (Say),
Then rmin required = 2.83, which means from Tables,
W18X130 looks better choice at very first step because
it has Ag > 20.2 and rmin close to 2.83
Effective Length…
• All compression members are treated as pin‐ended
regardless of actual end conditions but with an effective
length KL that may differ from the actual length.
• The load capacity of a compression member is a function of
only the slenderness ratio and modulus of elasticity.
• If a compression member is supported differently with
respect to each of its principal axes, the effective length will
be different for the two directions.
Effective Length…
Example 1
Solution:
LRFD:
Built‐up Members
• If the x‐sectional properties of a built‐up compression
member are known, its analysis is the same as for any other
compression member, provided the component parts of the
cross section are properly connected.
• AISC E6 contains many details related to this connection with
separate requirements for members composed of two or
more rolled shapes and for members composed of plates or
combination of plates and shapes.
• The design strength of a built‐up compression member is a
function of the slenderness ratio. Hence the principal axes
and corresponding radii of gyration about these axes must be
determined.
Example 4
Solution:
LRFD
Solution:
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
For Pure Flexural Buckling The Buckling Stress fcr can
be calculated by using the combined fcr Curve
In which “r” is the Radius of Gyration about the weakest axis
For Flexural-Torsional OR Torsional Buckling The
Buckling Stress fcr will be that having the effect of
Flexural and Torsional Buckling, i-e, the radii of
gyration about both “y” and “z” axes will be used
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Where
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Now Using the Fey and Fez the EQUIVALENT Fe can
be calculated using previous equations E4-4 and E4-5
and then finally the Buckling Strength / Load for
Flexural-Torsional Buckling Mode can be computed.
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Fe in the previous equations can be treated as a kind of
Euler’s buckling stress under Flexural-Torsional
Buckling Mode.
The same can be obtained by finding an equivalent
Buckling Stress fcr that includes the effect of Both
Flexural and Torsional Buckling, i-e, the fcry and fcrz
about both “y” and “z” axes will be used in it.
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example
Example
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
In order to ensure proper working of the built-up columns
AISC restricts the slenderness of individual element to be
¾ of the over column slenderness
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Local Slenderness should be less
than the global slenderness
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
MODES OF BUCKLINGS
Example Continued
