Units, Dimensions and PHYSICAL QUANTITY A physical quantity is represented completely by its magnitude and unit. For example, 10 m means a length which is 10 times the unit of length. Here 10 represents the numerical value of the given quantity and meter represents the unit of quantity under consideration. Thus, in expressing a physical quantity, ‘we choose a unit and then find that how many times that unit is contained in the given physical quantity Physical quantity (Q) = Magnitude x Uni where n represents the numerical value and u represents the unit. Thus, while expressing a definite amount of physical quantity, it is clear that asthe unit v changes, the magnitude (1) will also change but product nu will remain same. ie. nu=constant nyt; = Matt = constant => 1 = ice, the magnitude ofa physical quantity and units are inversely proportional to each other. Larger the unit, smaller will be the magnitude FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED QUANTITIES Fundamental quantities Out of a large number of physical quantities which exist in nature, there are only few quantities which are independent of all other quantities and do not require the help of any other physical quantity for their definition. ‘Therefore, these are called absolute quantities. These quantities are also called fundamental or base quantities, as all other quantities are based upon and can be expressed in terms of these quantities. Derived quantities All otier physical quantities can be derived by suitable multiplication or division of different powers of fundamental quantities. These are, therefore, called derived quantities. For example, if length is defined as a fundamental quantity, then area and volume are derived from length and are expressed in term of length with power 2 and 3 over the term of length. Measurement Physical quantity | Name of unit | Symbol of unit 1 [Mase Kilogram be 2. | Leng Meter m 4s - Sec s 4 K 5. | Luminous mensity ca 6. | Bletre Curent a ‘mol 7. | Amount of Substance | Mole Supplementary quantities in SIsyster and their units Symbol of unit Physical quantity | Name of unit Plane angle Radian rd 2 Solid angle Steradian s | FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS Normally each physical quantity requires a unit or standard for its specification so it appears that there must be as many units as there are physical quantities. However, it is not so. It has been found that if in mechanics we arbitrarily choose units of any three physical quantities we can express the units of all other physical quantities in mechanics in terms of these. Arbitrarily, the physical quantities mass, length, and time are choosen for this purpose. So any unit of mass, length, and time in mechanics is called a fundamental, absolute, or base unit, Other units which can be expressed in terms of fundamental units ae called derived units. For example, light year or km isa fundamental units as itis aunt of length while s,m? ot ‘kgm are derived units as these are derived from units of time, mass, and length, respectively. System of units A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived, forall kinds of physical quantities is called system of units, The common systems are given in Table 3,2 Physics Table 3: Fun Fundamental quantities inl syscem and their units units | | MKS ToGsstem| prs | st System | System [ieee] me [af Inman f——| Mmeter) | (centimeter) (foot) | form of MI hye te tow zn oo | (Pound) | i tal units (in) 5 | sic nts) whit (second) | FEPRESEN Fu | mental quantities J inelecoeity, magnets, heat, Lane ! DIMENSIONS OF A PHYSICAL QUANTITY When a derived quantity is expressed in terms of fundamental uantties must be raised in order 1 express the given physical vanity are called its dimensions et Fo make it more clear, consider the physical quantity force: Force = Mass x Acceleration = Mass x Velocity _ Mass x Length/Time Time Time = Mass x Length x (Time)? Thus, the dimensions of force are 1 in mass, ~? in time. Here the physical quantity that is terms of the base quantities is enclosed in square brackets 10 indicate that the equation is among dimensions and not among ‘magnitudes.Thus, (i) can be written as [force] = [MLT7] Such an expression for a physical quantity in terms of the fundamental quantities is called the dimensional equation. If wwe consider only the RHS of the equation, the expression is termed as dimensional formula. Thus, the dimensional formula for force is [MLT~*}, To find dimensions of physical constant or coefficients: As dimensions of a physical quantity are unique, we write any formula or equation incorporating the given constant and then by substituting the dimensional formulae of all other Quantities, we can find the dimensions of the required constant or coefficient. Height, width, radius, displacement, etc, are a kind of length. So we can say that their dimension is (Z]. Here [Height] can be read as “dimension of height.” @ 1 in Jength and is expressed in ‘Area of square = Length x Width [Area] = [Length] x [Width} (L] x (L] = (L"] Area of circle = m7? [Area] = [] [77] [1] [27] = (2) : Here 7 is not a kind of length or mass or time, so should not effect the dimension of area. oS rea] x [Height] ‘© Volume of eube = [Volume] = 11°] 1 4) Volume of sphere = nr wct= [teflon tate) neni af Wt Wl fe avaye reas cui volun appele y Mass * Pew Volume tas ty) Iv So [Density] = Fvgtume) ~ (2) = Velocit Dileeren Ie Disieceren tae . Acceleration = Cine it Velosiy ap ee) 2 tle UTI + Linear momentum (P) = Mass x Velocity (P]= (0 (V) = (tL '}= (''}y «Force = Mass x Acceleration [F)=Ma = (MJLT?) = (M'L'T?) ‘© Work or energy = Force x Displacement [Work] — [Force] [Displacement] = (M'L'T?) (1) = (MT) App a ery (Force) _ M'L'T? euiriry Pressure) = TE DIMENSIONS OF ANGULAR QUANTITIES Are © Angular displacement = gular displacement = a in [4° L'7% (Dimensionless) jlacement © Angular velocity (a) = Angular displacement t= 1 [M°L'r") (1 7 loci Angular acceleration = Charge in angular velocity Time= Mo WP) yt? asta y Torque = Force x Lever arm [Torque] = [Force] x (Lever arm] IMT} x (= (MIT) Gravitational constant: According to Newton's law of gravitation, mm Fe eae = or aa ‘Substituting the dimensions of all physical quantities, (aT J") Apr (G] =(M'vT ta" } ‘APPLICATIONS OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS To find the unit of a physical quantity in a given system of units: By writing he definition or formula forthe physical quantity, we find its dimensions. Now in the dimensional formula replacing ‘M,L, and T by the fundamental units of the required system, wwe get the unit of physical quantity. However, sometimes to this unit, we further assign a specific name, eg. Work = Force x Displacement So (W)=[MLT*} x (L] = [MT] So, its units in CGS system will be g cm”s which is called erg while in MKS system will be kg m” sx which is called joule. ‘To convert a physical quantity from one system to the ather: ‘The measure of a physical quantity is nw = constant. If a physical quantity X has dimensional formula (M°L?7"] and if the derived units of that physical quantity in two systems ‘are [MYL}7] and [M3L37S] and n, and n be the numerical Values in the two systems, respectively, then m{u]=nglen] = mUMPLIT! = [MELTS] fateh fat oS", | LE Lt where M,, Ly, and 7, are the fundamental units of mass, length, and time in the first (known) system and M,, Ly, and 7 are the fundamental units of mass, length, and time in the second (unknown) system, respectively. Thus, knowing the values of fundamental units in two systems andthe numerical value in ‘one system, the numerical value in the other system may be evaluated. CEE Convert joute to ergs Solution. Joule: SI system, erg: CGS system Work = Force x Distance = Mass x Acceleration x Length Length = Mass x 22 Lon ‘Time? “8 Units, Dimonsions and Measuremant 3 (CEE 11 CGS system. the magnitude ofthe force is 100dynes. In another system where the fundamental physical quantities are kilogram, meter, and minut, find tne magnitude ofthe force Solucton, We have ny = 100, My =1 g, L, = Yom, Ty = 1 sand M;=1kg, Ly ‘min, the dimensional formula of forces is [M'L'T™}, waere a= 1, b= 1,¢=~2. By substituting these values in the following conversion formula, we have ay t wale] e] [ie] 1g }[tem Pfas]? = 100| 18. | =36 ele] (CRIED 10 determine the Young's modulus of a wire the formula is Y=, where L= length, A= are of cross-section of the wire, A= change in the length ofthe wire when stretched with a force F. Find the conversion factor to change it from CGS toMKS system. Solution, We know thatthe dimension of Young's modulus is (ML"T?] ic. a= 1,6=-1,¢=-2, CGS unit: g em” sand MKS unit: kg m7!4 Physics By using the conversion formu stem | CGS sytem ke =a fr hem J'fis]? m™ ~ [103g] Lio’em] Is} ~ 10 To check the dimensional correctness of a given physical relation: This is based on the principle of homogeneity According to this principle, the dimensions of each term on both sides of an equation must be the same. X= A+(BC) + DEF, then according to the principle of homogeneity, we have = 14] DEF), If the dimensions of each term on both sides are same, the equation is dimensionally correct, otherwise not. A dimensionally correct equation may or may not be physically correct. CREED Check whether the relation S= a+ 172) «af is dimensionally correct or not, where symbols have their usual meaning. Solution, We have $= ut + ; ar Checking the dimensions on both sides, LHS = [¥°L'7"] RHS = [LT] (T] + (LT) (7°) =P L P+ WET) = [oF 'P) ‘Comparing the LHS and RHS, we get ‘LHS = RHS Hence the formula is dimensionally correct. Find out the unit and dimensions of the constants a and b in the van der Waal's equation (o-S]o-5 7 {gas constant, and T is temperature, Solution, We can add and subtract only like quantities. T, where pis pressure, vis volume, R is = Dimensions of P = Dimensions of x @ jensions of b (i) and dimensions of v =. From (i), > Dimensions of a = Dimensions of P x Dimensions of V° [a] = (MIE! 77} x (UP = MST?) ecm =Nm! 2 Unit of a = Unit of p x Unit of 7" roms (i), [o] = [V1 = IME So unit of b= Unit of V tne Of ail nme ed of light c. (This relation first aro a, Spoil hry of lati de age relation almost coretly bu forge ass 10 spoed v and the spe consequence of the Einstein). A boy recalls the ce.He writes where to put the con where to put the missing e y g to the principle of homo Solution. According 1 the princi geneity of “dimensions, powers of M, L, T on either side of the formyl, most be equal. For this, on RHS, the denominator (1 ~ 212 should be dimensionless. Therefore instead of (1-7)! yy Should write (1 -1"/¢?)!2. Hence, the corret formula would be -—™ “Ore? ‘Asa research tool to derive new relations: If one knows the dependency of a physical quantity on other quantities and ig the dependency is of the product type, then using the method of dimensional analysis, a relation between the quantities can be derived. Let us understand this point through following examples: ‘Time period of a simple pendulum: Let the time period of 4 simple pendulum be a function of the mass of the bob (m), efective length (), and acceleration due 1 gravity (g, then assuming the function to be the product of power function of m, Land g, ic., T= Km' I’ g°, where K = dimensionless constant. If the above relation is dimensionally correct, then by substituting the dimensions of quantities, ()= (oor ty (er*F or (MELT = (ML T™] Equating the exponents of similar quantities, we get x = 0, y= 1/2, and z=—1/2. T Ss tersindrnsal ion bsones F=f e ‘The value of dimensionless constant is found (27) through T experiments, so 7 = aft g Stoke's law: When @ small sphere moves at low speed through a fluid, the viscous force F, opposing the motion, is found experimentally to depend on the radius r, the velocity of the sphere v, and the viscosity 7 ofthe fluid. So F=finry) If the function is the product of power functions of n, and Ary’, where K is the dimensionless constant. Ifthe above relation is dimensionally correct, (ML?) = (Mi 'TY Lp (LT or (MELT?) = [M'LE*t)*2 7Equating the exponents of similar quantities v= | extyte= band-x-z=-2 Solving these for x,y. and So it becomes F = Kr On experimental grounds. K = 6m so F This isthe Famous Stoke"s law we get y= y= peri voi water waves may depend on their wavelength 4, density of water r, and acceleration due to gravity g. Establish a possible relation between Vand A, gv Solution. According o the provided information, ved pig kip gs w where k is constant of proportionality Using principle of homogeneity WAT} = (Le LY eT Fare Y 7] Comparing powers of like quantities on both the sides, we have, b=0(ii)a~3b+e=1 (ii) -2e=-1 Gv) Oe Using Gi. (i, and Gv), we have, Using these values in (i), we have v preg = ve kg whichis be requited elation Trek chosen as fundamental quantities . express (a) mass and (b) ‘energy in terms of V, F, and T. Solution, Let M = (Some number) VCFV(T) Equating dimensions of both the sides, we get ML? ery wry (ry Me ether Geta=-1,6=1,c=1 ‘M= (Some number) (V" F' T') (mj=tvt Fry Similarly, we can also express energy in terms of V, F, and 7: (Some number] [V}* [FD (71° (wL'7) Ly (MLT*Y ITY = SET awh Leth ps = p2eat be. bee Get belies. = = (Some number) V'F'7! ot (E] = [VILFIT] LIMITATIONS OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Although dimensional analysis is very useful, it cannot lead us too far due tothe following reasons: 1. If dimensions are given, physical quantity may not be unique as many physical quantities have same dimensions, For example. ifthe dimensional formula of ‘physical quantity is (ML°77]. it may be work or energy or torque. Unis, Dimensions and Measurement it having no dimensions [X] such ay ceannot be deduced by the methods of 2. Numeral eo (12). 1, 2a, dimensions 4. The method of dimensions cannot be used 10 relations other than the product ‘of power functions, For examples =u (1/2)a"" or y=asin ox aot be derived by using tis theory (try if you eam) However, the dimensional corrceness of theve can be checked 4. The method of dimensions cannot be applied to derive formula if in mechanics a physical quantity depends on nore than three physical quantities as then there will be ber (= 3) of equations than the unknowns (3) However, still, we can check the correctness ofthe given ‘equation dimensionally. For example, T = 2 7/mgl not be derived by theory of dimensions but its dimensional correcness can be checked 5. Even if a physical quantity depends on three physical «quantities, out of which two have same dimensions, the formula cannot be derived by the theory of dimensions, formula forthe Frequency ofa tuning fork f= (d/*) + cannot be derived by the theory of dimensions but can be checked Ie ies 1. The number of particles is given by mn ic ail crossing a unit area perpendicular to X-axis in unit time, where m, and mn, are the number of particles per unit volume for the value of x meant to x, and xj. Find the dimensions of D called dfision constant. 2. The potential energy of a particle varies with distance x Ale s8 dimensional constants, then find the dimensional formula for AB, 3. Convert I MW power on a new system having basic units of mass, length, and time as 10 kg, 1 dm, and 1 min, respectively. 4. If the present units of length, time, and mass (m, s, kg) are changed to 100 m, 100 s, and 1/10 kg, then how will the new unit of force change? 5. Suppose we employ a system in which the unit of mass equals 100 kg, thé unit of length equals 1 km and the unit of time 100 s and call the unit of energy eluoj (foule written in reverse order), then what isthe relation between eluaj and joule? 6. If velocity (V), force (F), and energy (E) are taken as fundamental units, then find the dimensional formula for mass. from a fixed origin as U + where A and B are8 Physics SIGNIFICANT FIGURES Significant figures inthe n _reater isthe accuray ofthe measurement, The reverse is also true ‘The following rules are observed in counting the numberof significant figures ina given measured quan All non-zero digits are significant. Example: 42.3 has three significant figures 248.4 has four significant gues 24.123 has five significant figures. A zero becomes a significant figure if it appears between two non-2er0 digits, Example; 5.03 has three significant figures 5.604 has four significant figures 4.004 has four significant figures. Leading zeros or the zeros placed to the left ofthe number are never significant Example: 0.543 has three significant figures (0.045 has two significant figures 0.006 has one significant figure. Trailing er0s or the zeros placed tothe right ofthe number are significant Example: 4.330 has fou significant figures, 433.00 has five significant figures. 343.000 as six significant figures. Jn exponential notaion, the numerical portion gives the number of significant figures. Example: 1.32 x 10 has three significant figures. 1.32 10* has thre significant figures. In order to avoid confusion in counting the number of significant figures, we usually express a measured quantity in scientific notation. By this, the number of significant figures are clearly mentioned and do not change on changing the units. For illustrations, see Table 4, Table 4 | irtneorignat | atthe original | Ihe original rigin | measured quantity | measured | measured quan- s1500mm. | quantity 1.5m. | tity is 180em, F300 am 15m 150em | =1.500x 10° mm_ 5x 10° mm (50% 10° mm 50m 50x 10° em 50% 10" km 5x 10m 1.500 m 5x 107 km 1,500 x 107 em_ 1.500 x 107 km Rounding Off White rounding off measurements, we use the following rye, boy convention: i te dip be on git is let unchanged. : eran: 1 = 7:82 i rounded off (078, agtinx = 3.4 rounded off 039. ; Tie dit to be dropped is more than 5 then the preceding digit is raised by 1 ‘Exaniple: x = 6.87 is rounded off 10.6.9, again x = 12.75, yunded off 10 12.8 : ithe digit to be dropped is $ followed by digits other thy zero, then the preceding digit is raised by 1 ‘Example: x= 16351 is rounded off 16.4, again is rounded off t0 6.8 If the digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by 22s, ten the preceding digit i left unchanged, if itis even ‘Example: x = 3.250 becomes 3.2 on rounding off, agin 12.65) becomes 12.6 on rounding off If the digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by zero, then the preceding digit is raised by 1, if itis odd. Example: x = 3.750 is rounded off to 3.8, again is rounded off to 16.2. pedis ess than 5, hen he rece 6.155 6.150 Significant Figures in Calculation Jn most of the experiments, the observations of various ‘measurements are to be combined mathematically, i. added, subiracted, multiplied, or divided as to achieve te final result Since all he observations in measurements do not have the same precision, itis natural thatthe final result cannot be more precise than the Teast precise measurement. The following to rules should be followed to obtain the proper number of significant figures in any calculation 1. The result of an addition or subtraction in the number having different precisions should be rounded off the same number of decimal places as are present in the ‘number having the least number of decimal places. The rule s illustrated by the following examples: (a) 3.3. (bas only one decimal place) 31 +0313 35.725_ < (answer should be rounded off one decimal place) Answer = 36.7 (b) 3.1421 0.241 + 0.09 © (has 2 decimal places) 3.4731 < (answer should be rounded off 2 decimal places) Answer=3.47 (©) 62.831 < (has 3 decimal places) 24.5492 38.2818 < (answer should be rounded off 3 decimal places) Answer = 38,282,2, ‘The answer toa multiplication or division is rounded off to the same number of significant figures as is possessed by the least precise term used inthe calculation, The rule is illustrated by the following examples (a)142.06 0.23 _ & (two significant figures) “SZGT3E — (answer should have two significant figures) Answer = 33 (b) 51.028 X1.31_ © (three significant figures) “BE RAER Answer = 66.8 (@ 222212676 426 | A Answer Order of Magnitude In scientific notation, the numbers are expressed as: Number = ‘Mx 10", Where M is a number that lies between 1 and 10 and vis an integer. The order of magnitude of quantity is the power of 10 required to represent the quantity. For determining this power, the value of the quantity has to be rounded off. While rounding off, we ignore the last digit which is less than 5. Ifthe last digit is Sor more than five, the preceding digit is increased by 1. For example, Speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 10% m s = 10° ms (ignoring 3 <5) ‘Mass of electron = 9.1 x 107! kg = 10™ kg (as 9.1 > 5). Each side of acube is measured tobe 7.208, mm, Find the volume of the cube up to appropriate significant figure Solution. Volume = a° = 7.023)’ = 373.715 m* The mass of a box is 2.3 kg, Two marbles (of masses 2.15 g and 12.39 g are added to it. Find the total mass of the box to the correct number of significant figures. Solution. Total mass = 2.3 + 0.00215 + 0.01239 = 2.31 kg ‘The total mass in appropriate significant figures will be 2.3 kg. Concept Application Exercise 2 ‘The length, breadth, and thickness ofa block are measured as 125.5 cm, 5.0 cm, and 0.32 em, respectively. Which ‘one of the measurement is most accurate? 2, The length of arectangular sheets 1.5 cm and the breadth is 1.203 cm. Find the area of the face of a rectangular sheet to the correct number of significant figures 3. Each side of a cube is measured to be 5.402 cm. Find the total surface area and the volume of the cube in appropriate significant figures. 4, Taking into account the significant figures, what is the value of 9.99 m + 0.0099 m? Units, Dimensions and Measurement 7 ‘5, Find the value of the multiplication 3.124 x 4.576 correct to three significant figures. 6. If the value of resistance is 10.845 © and the value of ‘current is 3.23 A, the potential difference is 35.02935 V. Find its value in significant number, ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT ‘The measuring process is essentially a process of comparison. Inspite of our best efforts, the measured value of a quantity is always somewhat diferent from its actual value, or true value. ‘This difference in the true value of a quantity is called error of measurement. ‘Absolute error Absolute error in the measurement of @ physical quantity is the magnitude of the difference between the true value and the measured value of the quantity. Let a physical quantity be measured m times. Let the measured value be 4, dy 3...» dy The arithmetic mean of these values is a, = t@ tte Usually, dy is taken as the true value of the quantity, if the same is unknown otherwise. By definition, absolute errors in the measured values of the quantity are Ay = Op ~ 4 ‘The absolute errors may be positive in certain cases and negative in certain other cases Mean absolute error It is the arithmetic mean of the magnitudes of absolute errors in all the measurements of the ‘quantity. Ibis represented by Ba. Thus, Jy = IML a Lt | Hence, the final result of measurement may be written as a=a, tha This implies that any measurement ofthe quantity is likely to lie between (dy +Aa) and (a, ~ Aa) Relative error or fractional error The relative error or fractional error of measurement is defined as the ratio of mean absolute error to the mean value of the quantity measured Thus, relative error or fractional error __ Mean absolute error _ a Mean value a, Percentage error When the relative/fractional error is, expressed in percentage, we call it percentage error. ‘Thus, percentage eror = “100% Om8 Physics Propagation of Errors Error in sum of the quantities Suppose 1 CNN i rater scant daa Py mean he prance and wing ee =. he msn ein he mee Saad are bc, ade hentnthe may error inthe value of a determined by the experimen Solution. «= bd run etror in is given by (Sm Ah he 7104 Bo 1004 7 A ha a7) ate. I, ight in vate Y along with ws (4.00 + 0.05) N. Find the relative densi maximum permissible percentage error. Solution. Weight in air = (5.00 + 0.05) N ‘Weight in water = (4,00 + 0.05) N Loss of weight in water = (1.00 + 0.1) N Weightinair Weight loss in water Now relative density = 5.00: 0.05 1000.1 Now relative density with maximum permissible enor 5.00 , (005 5.00, (se ie, RD= COESEEEREW The initial and Gnat temperatures of waw as recorded by an observer are (40.6 + 0.2)°C and (78.9 = 0.3)°C. Caleulate the rise in temperature with proper enor limits Solution. = (40.6+0.2)°C, 6,=(783£03)°C Rise in temperature, @= 0, ~ 6, = 78.3 ~ 40.6 = 37.7°C (0.2+03)=05°C Hence, rise in temperature = (37.7 + 0.5)°C CED the tengit and treat of a cumple we (5.70.1) em and (3.4 + 0.2) cm, respectively Calculate the area of rectangle with errr limits, Solution. Here, |= (5.7 + 0.1) em,b=(3.4+0.2)em. Area, A = 1X b = 5.7 x 34 = 19.38 cm? = 19.0 cm* (rounding off to two significant figures) MA O34 14) 148 57x34 19.38(CREEL 4 physical quantity x is calculated from 25 ab" the relation x=". Ifthe percentage err in a,c, and d are 2%, 1%, 3%, and 45, respectively, what is the percentage error in x? ae evd a [ets bc Lad) Solution. As x MLM) 00 ab ce 2d}x = 414% + 3% 43% + 2%] = 212% (EEL The length and breadth of a field are ‘measured as: I= (120+ 2) mand b= (100 + 5) m, respectively. What is the area of the field? Ad _ Al Ab @ 5 jon. Now 24 A, M_( 2. 5.) gage, Solution Now = T+ 5" ling ix) A = 0.0667 xA Now A=1-b= 120% 100= 12000 m? => AA=0.0667 x 12000 = 800.4 m? ‘Area ofthe field =A # AA = 12000 # 800.4 = (1.2 + 0.08) x 10 m? CEE If the measured value of resistance R= 1.05 Q, wire diameter d = 0.60 mm, and length £ = 75.3, cm, then find the maximum permissible error in resistivity, R(xd?/4) 7 Solution. (2) = P Sax R= 1.05.2 AR =0.01 9 (last count) d= 0.60 mm — Ad = 0.01 mm (leat count) 1=753 + Al=0.1 em (least count) AR Ad Al AR, Ad At Road 1 dp) _ 0019 ,(0.01mm) O.lom e) .208,, ? 1050" "(060mm )*753em (PENNE To find the value of g using simple pendulum, T = 2,00 s and I= 1.00 m were measured, Estimate ‘maximum permissible error in g. Also find the value of g. Units, Dimansions and Measurement 9 208) rom = 29 2.00 (48) ayy =0.2 = max ero ing So 10.0 £ 0.2) ms? aiiiniicre 3 1. A research worker takes 100 observations in an experi- rent. If he repeats the same experiment by taking 500 observations, how is the probable error affected? 2. A body travels uniformly a distance of (13.8 0.2) min atime (4.0: 0.3) s. Find the velocity of the body within error limits and the percentage error. 3. ‘The error in the measurement of the radius of a sphere is 1%. Find the error in the measurement of volume 4. Given Ry = 5.00.2 O, and Ry = 10.00.19. Whatis the total resistance in parallel with possible % error? 'S. The value of resistance is 10.845 © and the current 3.23 A. On multiplying them, we get the potential difference = 35.02935 V. What is the value of potential difference in terms of significant figures? 6. ‘The length of one rod is 2.53 em and that of the other is 1.27 em. The least count of the measuring instrument is 0.01 cm. Ifthe two rods are put together end to end, find the combined length, 7. ‘The pressure on a square plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the length of the sides of the plate by using the formula P = Fil’. If the maximum crrors in the measurement of force and length are 4% and 2%, respectively, then what is the maximum error in the measurement of pressure? ‘The pressure ona square plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the length of the sides of the plate Ifthe maximum error in the measurement of force and length are, respectively, 4% and 2%, Find the maximum errors in the measurement of pressure. pp? ct quantity among A, B, C, and D brings in the maximum Percentage error in P? pa aR 9. A physical quantity Pis given by10. Physics {eben ss 1, E,m, land G denote energy. mass, angular momentum and ‘gravitational constant, respectively. Then the dimension of is mG (@) Angle () Length (© Mass @ Time Sok (a) (E] = (ML?T™}, (m] = (Mf), (0) = [MET] and {G] = (C'L'T*). Substituting the dimension of above ‘quantities in the given formula, we get (MET CML DAE MecT~ MeTs = (MDT) 2, From the equation tané =“. one can obtain the angle of banking for a cyclist taking a curve (the symbols have their usual meanings). Then, say, itis (a) Both dimensionally and numerically correct (©) Neither numerically nor dimensionally correct (©) Dimensionally correct only (@) Numerically correct only Sol. (c) Given equation is dimensionally correct because both sides are dimensionless but numerically wrong because the ‘correct equation is tan@ =v? / rg. 3, From the dimensional consideration, which of the following equation is correct? > @ T=2nfS- 7 =24, jae [GM ran | © = 4. The position of a particle at time ris given by the relation x ‘The dimensions of vp and ctare, respectively, (@) MULT" and! (b) M°L'T? and T* © MULT! andLT* — (@) MOLT! and T Sol. (a) Dimension of oz = (M°L°T) => [a] = [77] Again [2a So [vp] =(LT"'] (2Ja-e*, where vp is constant and a> 0. a '5. The equation ofthe sate of some gases canbe expressey ( a = 10 sere Pis the pressure, V the volume a [Pia ly Othe absolute | and a and hare constants, The sional formula of a8 nic (by (wT) wr) (o) Mir Sol. (a) By the principle of ‘dimensional homogenity, ao lal [P Pa IEE MEL MET) 6, Thedimension of 5 inthe equation P=" where p is pressure, x is distance and ris time, is (a) MT? () MULT? (© MT! ow fa-?] Sok (a) (a) =(P) and (l= T= ge = (l=pr'r'} a) 1 se [il ory 7. The dimension of e7/4néghc, where e,€, h and c are electronic charge, electric permittivity, Planck's constant and velocity of light in vacuum, respectively, is @ peer) © ML? © LT @ Wr) Sol, (a) (e] = (ATI Ly = (WL 744?) [h] = (ML) and [c] = (LT"] ej. ar meg he} [ML TSA xMET" x LT = LT} 8, If radius ofthe sphere is (5.3 + 0.1) cm. Then percentage error in its volume will be 100 1 100 3+6.01x 7 () 3+601K5 ) 5x001x5 3x ou © ( ea 00 © 55x10 Sol. (c) Volume of sphere (V)= far % error in volume =o (ox ;}x100 3, 9. ‘The pressure on a square plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the length of the sides of the plate. If the maximum error in the measurement of force and length are, respectively, 4% and 2%,‘The maximum error in the measurement of pressure (a) 1% (b) 2% (©) 6% (a) 8% Sold) P= so maximum error in pressure (P) ap ar al x10} = “Dx 10424! (F \ px 100+ 25100 AW 42K 2G = 8H 10. If the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms and the units of length and time are changed in kilometer and hour respectively, the numerical value ofthe acceleration is (@) 360000 (b) 72000 (©) 36000 (@) 129600 wmf wool fess] mm AL. If L, C and R represent inductance, capacitance and resistance, respectively, then which ofthe following does ‘not represent dimensions of frequency? Sold) ny 1 R ® Fe FT 1 c © Fg @s Sol. (a) f “IE Therefore, (5) does not represent the dimension of frequency 12, With the usual notations, the following equation 1 S,=utatr-I) is yt at2e—D is (@) Only numerically correct () Only dimensionally correct (© Both numerically and dimensionally correct (@) Neither numerically nor dimensionally correct Sol (¢) We can derive this equation from equations of motion. So itis numerically correct. S,=Distance travelled in ® second = Distance ane ur] ur} ‘As dimensions of each term in the given equation are same, hence equation is dimensionally correct also 13, If the dimensions of length are expressed as Gch’, ‘where G, cand h are the universal gravitational constant, speed of light and Planck’s constant, respectively, then Velocity = (LT and jar (a) x ) x= Unis, Dimensions and Measurement 11 1 2 &) yet () yen~den ©) ye) yeme Sob. (b, d) Length = Get’ Le MTN LMT By comparing the power of M, J. and 7 in both sides, we pet x20, 40+ y 4 2c Land -2e~y-7=0. above three equations, we get 14, A highly rigid cubical block A of small mass M and side Lis fixed rigidly onto another cubical block # ofthe sarne dimensions and of low modulus of rigidity 4 such thatthe lower face of A completely covers the upper face of B. The lower face of B is rigidly held on a horizontal surface. A small force F is applied perpendicular to one ofthe side faces of A. After the force is withdrawn, block A executes small oscillations, the time period of which is given by [Mn L Mn on | (@ 27 © ne [mc iM © 2 /-— @ 2x | 1 mL Sol. (d) By substituting the dimensions of mass (MJ, length x Val" [L] and coefficient of rigidity (MET), we get T = which is the right formula for time period of oscillations 15. The speed of light (c), gravitational constant (G) and Planck’s constant (A) are taken as the fundamental units ina system. The dimension of time in this new system should be @ ihe b) GITHet © Ginter @ GMnleere Sob (a) Times Gh = T= kee Putting the dimensions in the above relation = Mery sur'to'er Mery = MELT) = esr Comparing the powers of M Land T ‘kis Boltzmann constant and 6 is the temperature. The dimensional formula of 8 wil be @ Wer) &) MET) © Mery @ WPT)12 Physics Sol (a) in given equation, © shouldbe dimensionless 2p 10 gyn METAR XK, F Mur ey tw ~~ @ @]_IMLT"} _ 407270 and P= -916]=|%]= wer), pom | (wer ! 17. The frequency of vibration of string is given by 2 v a5] . Here pis number of segments in the string. and / is the length. The dimensional formula for m will be (@) BLT) () (MLT'} © (MET) @ BAL?) Pile]? Pr F ‘Sol. =a|— ee eee ad ale “ le ra [ML 'T°) 18. A wire has a mass 0.3 + 0.003 g, radius 0.5 + 0.005 mm and length 6 + 0.006 cm. The maximum percentage error in the measurement of its density is @1 (2 ©3 @4 Sol. (d) * Density, eee pM 02003 0.005, 0.06 03 is 6 = 0.01 +.0.02 +.0.01 = 0.04 04x100= 4% 1 Percentage error = Baio 19. A physical parameter a can be determined by measuring the parameters b, c,dand e using the relation a=b%C"/ de®, If the maximum errors in the measurement of b, c, d and ¢ are b,%, ¢%, d;% and e'%, then the maximum error in the value of a determined by the experiment is @) +e, 44) +e )% 0) by #e,~d)~ e)% (©) (ead, + Bey ~ th ~ Be; (© (ab, + Be +h, + Be) % Sol. (d) a=b° id! eF So, maximum error in ais given by (210) =a 2 c100+p-“Ex100 +7 M4 x100+5-%2x100 a e = (aby + Bo, + + Be sure on a square plate is measured by measur + Te ise nah plate and the Tength of the sides op ihe plate Ifthe maximum error ip the messuremen nd length are respectively 4% and 25. of Force a The maximum error in the measurement of presse Ff b) 2% (a) 1% a (9 6 8% so maximum erin pressure (P) i AF 10042 100 F T 1 + 2x 2% = 8% 21. ‘The relative density of material of a body is found by weighing it fist in air and then in water. Ifthe weight (5.00 + 0208) Newton and weight in water ig in air (4.00 « 005) Newton. Then the relative density along with the maximum permissible percentage error is (@) 5.04 11% (b) 5.021% @) 125 25% 00 + 0.05) Weight in water = (4.00 + 0.05) Loss of weight in water = (1.00 + 0.1) weight inair ‘weight loss in water Now relative density p = 5003005 1.002041 Now relative density with max permissible error 5.00 , (005, 01), 9 =$0,(28,.2F 10 =502(1+10)% 22, The resistance R = Vii, where V = 1005 V and i= 10 £02 A. What is the total erorin R? @) 5% (b) 1% 5 528 7 (©) 5.2% @ 5% v Sol) R= (Geo) Zao 100 T 3 02 991004 75 100 78 23. The length of a cylinder is measured with a meter rod ‘having least count 0.1 cm, Its diameter is measured with venier calipers having least count 0.01 cm. Given that length is 5.0 cm. and radius is 2.0 cm, The percenage ror in the calculated value ofthe volume will be @ 1% ) 2% © 3% @ 4%Sol. (c) Volume of cylinder V = mt ee error in volume ae 100-282 100 +4! 100 H -(2884.0e 83) et eamene 24, In an experiment, the following observation's were recorded: L = 2.820 m, M = 3.00 kg, ! = 0.087 cm, Diameter D = 0.041 cm. Taking ¢ = 9.81 nv/s*, using the formula, ¥ AMS: ne maximum permissible erroin Vis Di Units, Dimensions and Measurement 13, (a) 7.96% (©) 6.50% Sol. (0) Y= ae 0 maximum permissible error in 1m (b) 4.56% (d) 842% AY 100 = my (Greats =(t4t, 1, vite 30) 9.81 9820 °°” 41” 87 = 0.065 x 100 = 6.5%14 Physics Siicte Correct Answer Type Basic Concept of Units 1. Which ofthe following is not equal to watt? (a) Joule/second ——(b) Ampere x volt (©) (Ampere)*x ohm —(€) Ampere/volt 2. Newton-second isthe unit of (@) Velocity (©) Angular momentum (©) Momentum (@ Energy 3. A suitable unit for gravitational constant is (@) kg-m sec" () Nar sec (©) Nm kg? (@) kg msec 4, The unit of angular acceleration in the SI system is (a) Nke* ) mst (©) rads? (@) mkg'k 8. Which ofthe following is not a unit of energy? (@) Ws () kg-misec © Nm (@ Joule 6. Temperature can be expressed as a derived quantity in terms of any ofthe following: (a) Length and mass (b) Mass and time (©) Length, mass and time (@) None of these 7. Brg-nv" can be the unit of measure for (a) Force (6) Momentum (©) Power (@) Acceleration 8. The unit of potential energy is (a) g(em/sec") (b) g(cm/sec)? (©) g(em*isec) (@) g(cmsee) 9. Which ofthe following represents a volt? (2) Joule/second —(b) WatvAmpere (c) WatuCoulomb (4) Coulomb/oule 10, Ifthe unit of length and force be increased four times, then the unit of energy is (a) Increased 4 times _(b) Increased 8 times (c) Increased 16 times (d) Decreased 16 times AL. Ampere-hour is a unit of (2) Quantity of eletrcity () Strength of electric current (©) Power (@) Energy 12. If u, and u, are the units selected in two systems of measurement and 1, and n, their numerical values, then @ ny, © mm of erosssection of the wire, AL = change in length of the wire when ste‘ched witha force F. The conversion factor to change it from CGS to MKS system is @t () 10 © 01 @ 001 414, Young's modulus of a material has the same units as (@) Pressure (©) Strain © Compressbility (a) Force 15, Which of the following is smallest unit? (@) Millimetre (©) Angstrom (© Fermi (@ Metre 16, Which of the following is not the unit of energy? (@) Calorie (b) Joule (©) Electron volt. (d) Watt 17. In CGS. system the magnitude of the force is 100 dynes, In another system where the fundamental physical quantities are kilogram, metre and minute, the ‘magnitude ofthe force is (@) 0.036 ©) 036 © 36 (@) 36 18. A physical quantity is measured and its value is found to be nu where n = numerical value and w= unit. Then which ofthe following relations is tue (new () neu © ne Ve as19, If.x= at + bE, where ¥ is the distance body in kilometres while + is the time the unit of bis, (a) knvs (©) kms 20. IS = a + br + cf. $ is measured in metres and ¢ in seconds, The unit of cis (@) None © ms" travelled by the in seconds, then (b) m (@) ms 21. The equation (r+ < ) (WV— by constant. The unit of is (a) Dynex em* (©) Dyne/em* 22. Awattis: () Dynex em* (@) Dynelem? () ke mist @ ke mist . Experiment shows that two perfectly neutral parallel ‘metal plates separated by a small distance d attract each other viaa very weak force, known as the Casimir force. ‘The force per unit area ofthe plates, F, depends only on the Planck constant h, on the speed of light ¢, and on 4. Which of the following has the best chance of being comrect for F? he po @ Fee ( Fale Concept of Dimensional Formula 24, Select the pair whose dimensions are same () Pressure and stress. (b) Stress and strain (©) Pressure and force (d) Power and force 25. Dimensional formula ML*'7* does not represent the physical quantity (2) Young’s modulus of elasticity @) Stress (© Strain @ Pressure 26, Which pair has the same dimensions? (@) Work and power (©) Density and relative density (©) Momentum and impulse (@) Stress and strain 27, The dimensional formula for impulse is same as the dimensional formula for (a) Momentum (b) Force (6) Rate of change of momentum (a) Torque 28, Which of the following is dimensionally correc? (a) Pressure = Energy per unit area (b) Pressure = Energy per unit volume (©) Pressure = Force per unit volume (@) Pressure = Momentum per unit volume per unit time 29, The equation of state of some gases can be expressed as (P+ 4) (V—b)= RT. Here P is the pressure, Vis the volume, T is the absolute temperature and a, b, R are constants. The dimensions of a are (a) MLT* (b) ML'T? (©) MULT @) Mur 30. The frequency of vibration f of a mass m suspended from a spring of spring constant K’is given by arelation 31. The quantities A and B are related by the relation, m = AIB, where mis the linear density and A isthe force. The dimensions of B are of (a) Pressure (©) Work (©) Latent heat (@) None of the above 32, The velocity of a freely falling body changes as ght where gis acceleration due to gravity and his the height. ‘The values of p and q are 1 a) @ 1 1 © 5 @it 33. Which one of the following does not have the same dimensions? (@) Work and energy (b) Angle and strain (©) Relative density and refractive index (@) Planck constant and energy 34. A small steel ball of radius r is allowed to fll under gravity through a column of a viscous quid of coefficient of viscosity m, After some time the vel of the ball attains a constant value known as terminal velocity v,, The terminal velocity depends on (i) the16 Physics mass of the ball m (i) n (il) rand (iv) deceleration dhe to groviy Wich of he folowing telonn i dimensionally comect? @) y= tt Oya” ” me (©) vy nme W vy ~™ 35, An athletic coach told his team that muscle times speed equals power. What dimensions does he view for muscle? (a) ML (b) MT? (©) MIT @L 36. If P represents radiation pressure, ¢ represents speed of light and Q represents radiation energy striking a unit area per second, then non-zero integers x, and z such that P'Q'C is dimensionless are (@ x1, 4 (b) x= y= (©) r=-Ly @ reby=tcel 37, If velocity v, acceleration A and force F are chosen as fundamental quantities, then the dimensional formula of angular momentum in terms of v, A and F would be (a) Fay (b) F's? (©) Fea (@ Fat 38 Two quantities A and 6 have different dimensions. ‘Which mathematical operation given below is physically ‘meaningful? (a) AB () A+B (©) A-B (@) None 39. A force Fis given by F=ar+ br, where ris time. What ate the dimensions ofa and b? (a) MET? and MLT* (0) MLT* and MLT+ (©) MET" and MT’ (A) MLT* and MLT! 40. I the speed of light (c), acceleration due to gravity (¢) and pressure (p) are taken asthe fundamental quantities, then the dimension of gravitational constant is (a) egtp? () egy" (©) cg’p? @) c'g’p! 4. If the time period (7) of vibration of a liquid drop depends on surface tension (S), radius (r) of the drop and density (p) of the liquid, then the expression of T () T=kyp?P 1s (@) T=kypris (d) None of these OT 42. IF pressure P, velocity Vand time Tare taken ay fuamental physical quantities, the dimensionay Formula of force is , wy ever (b) PVT (©) pvr (a pve ‘energy (2). velocity (v) and force (F) be taken ag eat qvany hn wha ae the dimension or ‘mass @ BP (b) (©) Fv! @ Fr ical quantity x depends on quantities y and ; See tay Btn Ce, wre A,B 0d Ce ‘constants, Which of the following do not have the same «dimensions? (a) xand B (b) Cand z* (©) yand BIA (@) xand A 45. If the velocity of light (c), gravitational constant (G) and Planck's constant (h) are chosen as fundamental units, then the dimensions of mass in new system is, (@) eG (&) eG"? © enGrtH @ GH 46, If force (F), length (L) and time (7) are assumed to be fundamental units, then the dimensional formula of the ‘mass will be @ Far (b) FLAT? (©) FLAT! @ Fur 47, Position ofa body with acceleration ‘ais given by x= Kart, here is time. Find dimension of m and n. @ m=1, (b) m=1, ©m (@) m=2, 48, Inasystemof units if force (F), acceleration (A) andtime (D) are taken as fundamental units, then the dimensional formula of energy is (@ Fer & ar © Far (@ mar 49, Density ofa liquid in CGS system is 0.625 g/em’. What is its magnitude in SI system? (@) 0.625 () 0.0625 (©) 0.00625 @ 025 0. Ifthe speed v of a particle of mass m as function of time tis given by v = aa sin (5) where A has dimension of length, ™ (@) the argument of trigonometric function must be a dimensionless quantity (6) Dimensional formula of wis LT™ (©) Dimensional formula of kis MLT? (@ Dimensional formula of £ isTErrors of Measurement 51. What is the number of @2 3 o4 @6 52 The number of significant figures in 0.06900 is @ 5 ) 4 ©2 3 $3, The sum of the numbers 436.32. 227.2 and 0.301 in appropriate significant figures is (@) 663.821 (b) 664 (©) 663.8 (€) 663.82 ‘54. The mass and volume ofa body are 4.237 g and 2.5 cm’, respectively. The density of the material of the body in correct significant figures is, (@) 1.6048 gem (6) 1.69 gem” (©) 17 gem? (@) 1.695 gem $5. The numbers 2.745 and 2.735 on rounding off to 3 significant figures will give (a) 2.7Sand274 (6) 2.74 and 2.73 (©) 27S and2.73 (4) 2.74 and 2.74 ‘56. The length and breadth of a rectangular sheet are 16.2 em and 10.1 cm, respectively. The area of the sheet in appropriate significant figures and error is (@) 1643 cm? (b) 163.62 + 2.6 cm? (©) 163.6426cm? (4) 163.62 3m? 57. The decimal equivalent of 1/20 up to three significant significant figures in 0.310 x 107 figures is (@) 0.0500 (b) 0.05000 (©) 0.0050 (@) 50x 107 $8. In the context of accuracy of measurement and significant figures in expressing results of experiment, which of the following is/are correct (1) Out ofthe two measurements 50.14 em and 0.00025 ampere, the first one has greater accuracy. (2) If one travels 478 km by rail and 397 m by road, the total distance travelled is 478 km. (a) Only (1) is correct (b) Only (2) is correct (©) Both are correct (4) None of them is correct If L=2.331 cm, B= 2.1 cm, then L+ B= (a) 4.431 cm (©) 443 em (©) 440m @ 4em 60, Measure of two quantities along with the precision of respective measuring instrument is A=25 ms" £0.5 ms", B=0.10s + 0.01 s. The valve of AB will be (a) (0.25 + 0.08) m (©) (0.25 £0.05) m ©) (025405) m (@) (0.25 + 0.135) m mensions and Measurement 47 G1. You measure two quantities ax A = 1.0 m # 0.2 m, 5 = 2.0 m 0.2 m, We should report correct value for [AB as (@ I4ms04m (by Li m£0.15m (©) L4m+03m — @) L4me02m 2, Which ofthe following measurement is most precise? (@) 5.00 mm (b) 5.00cm (©) 5.00m (2) 5.00km 63. The mean length of an object is 5 cm. Which of the following measurements is most accurate? (@) 49cm (b) 4.805 em (©) 5.25 em (a) 540m 64. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is given by roan lt ‘here is about 100.em and is known to & have I mm accuracy. The period is about 2s. The time of 100 oscillations is measured by a stop watch of least count 0.1 s. The percentage error in gis (a) 0.1% () 1% (©) 0.2% (@) 08% (65. The percentage errors in the measurement of mass and speed are 2% and 3% respectively. How much will be the maximum error in the estimation of the kinetic energy obtained by measuring mass and speed (@ 1% () 8% ©) 5% @ 1% (66, Error in the measurement of radius of a sphere is 1%. The error inthe calculated value ofits volume is (a) 1% ) 3% ©) 5% @ 1% (67. The mean time period of second’s pendulum is 2.00 s ‘and mean absolute error in the time period is 0.05 s. To express maximum estimate of error, the time period should be written as (@) 2.00#0.01)s — (b) (2.00 40.025) s © 2.00£005)s —() (2.00£0.10)s 68. A body travels uniformly a distance of (13.8 + 0.2) m in a time (4.0 0.3) s. The velocity of the body within error limits is (@) 45202) ms" (b) (3.45203) mst (©) G45£04)ms* (4) (3.45 £05) ms* (69, The percentage error in the above problem is (@) 1% (b) 5.95% © 895% (@) 9.85% 70. A physical parameter acan be determined by measuring the parameters bc, d and eusing the relation a = © oe ae18 Physics Tf the maximum errors inthe measurement of b,c, dan ¢ te b, %.c, % ed, % and e,%, then the maximum error in the value of a determined by the experiment is @) 6,+e,44 +e)% ©) @,+¢,-d,-)% (©) (tb, + Be, ~~ 6, )% (@) (ab, + Be, + 9, + 6e,)% 71. The relative density of material of a body is found by ‘weighing it first in air and then in water. Ifthe weight in air is (5.00 + 0.05) Newton and weight in water is (4.00 + 0.05) Newton. Then the relative density along with the maximum permissible percentage error is @ 5011% (6) 5.021% ©) 5.026% (@) 1.25 25% 72. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum in the experiment is recorded a5 2.63 s, 256 s, 2.42 5, 2.71 s and 2.80 s respectively. The average absolute error is @ 01s ) OLis © oor @ 10s 73, ‘The length of a cylinder is measured with a meter rod having least count 0.1 cm. Its diameter is measured with ‘vernier calipers having least count 0.01 cm. Given that length is 5.0 cm and radius is 2.0 em. The percentage error in the calculated value of the volume will be @ 1% ) 2% © 3% @ 4% 74. In an experiment, the following observation’s were recorded: L = 2.820 m, M = 3.00 kg, 1 = 0.087 cm, Diameter D = 0.041 cm, Taking g = 9.81 mi/s* using the formula, ¥ = S€B, the maximum pemissble error aD in Vis (a) 796% () 456% (©) 6.50% @ 8.42% 178, I there isa positive enor of 50% in the measurement of velocity of a body, then the errr in the measurement of, kinetic energy is (@ 25% ) 50% © 100% @ 125% 76, A physical quantity A is related to four observable a, 23 b, cand das follows, ae the percentage errors ‘of measurement ina, b, ¢ and d are 1%, 3%, 2% and 2% respectively. What is the percentage error inte quantity A? @ 12% 0) 7% © 5% @ 4% 1.003 g, radius 0.5 + 0,005 my 1s a mass 0.3 + 0. 003 : in the measurement of its density is (2 1 o 3 a4 78. Two numbers a = 0.92 and b = 0.08 are given, The "danificant figures present in the result afr ively are naa an nasa (©) 3,211 d) 3, oe breadth of a field are measured as, TM te Nm and b=(00£5)m respecivey, ‘What is the area of the field? (a) (1.2 0.08) x 10* m? (@) (140.02) 10m? (©) (1.8 0.04) x 10 m* (@) (1.2 +0.03) x 10° m® 80. IfX'=A>B and AX, AA and AB are maximum absolute emrors in X, A and B respectively, then the maximum relative error in X is given by (a) AX=AA+AB (b) AX=AA-AB 81. wx-4 and AX, AA and AB are the maximum absolute B evors in X, A and B respectively, then the maximum fractional error in X is given by () AX=A4-a8 (@) AX=AA+AB 82. A physical quantity is represented by X = M'LIT. If percentage errors in the measurement of M, Land Tare 4, Band yrespectively, then total percentage error is (a) (@a+Bb-ye) —(b) (a+ Bb+ye) © (@a-b-ye) — (@) zero 83. Given: Potential difference, V = (8+ 0.5) V and curent, 1=(2£02) A. The value of resistance R in Qis (@ 441625% () 446.25% © 410% @) 448% 84, Given: Resistance, R, = (8 + 0.4) Q and Resistance, R,=(8£0.6) 0. Whats the net resistance when R, and Rare connected in series? @ (16+04)0 (©) (16+0.6)2 © (6+192 — @) 164029‘where u and represent object and image distances respectively. 85. The focal length f of a mimor is given by f @ & «b) © @ ‘86. For a cubical block. error in measurement of sides is + 1% and error in measurement of mass is 42%, then ‘maximum possible error in density is: (b) 5% @) 7% 87. To estimate *g" ‘measurement of L is +2% and error in measurement of Tis + 3%, The error in estimated ‘g’ will be: (a) £8% ) £6% (©) £3% + @) £5% ‘88. An experiment measures quantities x, y, z and then # is calculated from the data as ro, If percentage z errors in x, y and z are respectively 1%, 39, 2%, then Percentage error ins (a) 10% 0) 4% © 7% (@) 13% ). The extemal and internal diameters of a hollow cylinder are measured to be (4.23 + 0.01) cm and (3.89 + 0.01) em, The thickness ofthe wall ofthe cylinder is (a) (0.340.02)em — (b) (0.17 £0.02) em (©) 0.17£0.01)em (4) (034 £0.01) em 90, Two resistor R, = (24 + 0.5) Q and R, = (80.3) Dare Joined in series. The equivalent resistance is (@) 3220339 () 322080 (©) 322029 (@ 322059 Problems Based on Mixed Concepts 91. The velocity of a body is given by the equation b verter tde 7 ‘The dimensional formula of b is Units, Danenaione nnd Mowsu (a) ery © wenn tb) IMLST (a) IM Er} 92, ‘The dimension of pal? is (with usual notations: (a) (MLT") (b) [IMLT4 (© IML} () IML") 9%. The wavelength associated with a moving panicle depends upon yi power of ts mass m, g* power ofits velocity vand r power of Planck's constant. Then the correct vet of values of p,q und ris @) pelge leet (b) paige lr (©) pe-lqe-re-t @) ps-lq=-l, 94. If force, velocity and time are taken as fundamental quantities, find the dimensions of work. (a) FVT () FV © Pr @ Fv’ 98. If Aju, has the dimensions [MLT~, what is A? (@) square of electric ux (b) square of magnetic flux (©) square of electric field (@) square of energy 9%. A gas bubble from an expression under water, oscillates with a period 7 proportional to p’@"E*, where p is the static pressure, dis the density of water and E's the total energy of explosion. Find the value of a: 1 1 u ) > 5 1 3 © -7 @ -§ 97. If velocity (v), force (F) and time (7) are taken to be fundamental quantity and K is the dimensionless ‘constant of proportionality, find dimensional formula for mass: (a) [KVFT] (©) (KVIFT] 98. In the relation P= (b) [KV FT] (@) KV'FT"] S erazite, p is the pressure, Z is B the distance. K is the Boltzmann constant and aris the ‘temperature. The dimensional formula of B will be: (@) (MoT) () (Mr) © MPT} @ wer) . Let {é] denote the dimensional formula of the Permittivity of the vacuum and {j4] denote that of Permeability of the vacuum. Find correct option if J = electric current:20 Physics (@) Leg=(ML TY] (b) (eg) =IM UTP] © UWol=(MLT*17} (4) (ug) =|] 100. In a direct impact, loss in kinetic energy is given by MM, 5 AK = Ay yh 2a, +My RORY with usual notations (except k). The quantity & will have dimensional formula: @) (OU ) (MET) © (Lr?) @) (Lr) 101. The dimensions of © in the equation P = Se where is pressure, xis distance and is time, are: (@) WL TY} ) wr) © ur @ (Mery 102, If area (A) velocity (v) and density (p) are base unit, then the dimensional formula of force can be represented (@) Avp (b) vip (©) Avp* @ Arp 2 103, The dimensions of is I (oy [ax?7")] © [mcr] (® [mer] 104. A bus travels distance x, when accelerates from rest at constant rate a, for some time and after that travels 4 distance x, when decelerates at a constant rate 4, {0 come t0 rest. A student established a relation aa 2a, +a)" @ [mer] ay te = Choose the correct option(s). (a) The relation is dimensionally correct (b) The relation is dimensionally incorrect (©) The relation may be dimensionally correct. (d) None of the above 105. If g=qo(1-e""""], here, g = electric charge, R = electric resistance, C = electric capacitance. The dimensional formula for is @ [amr] [ameeer-"} @ [w'vr?] © [wer] NN 106. energy Elength Land time T are taken as fundamen quantities, The dimensional Formula of gravitation constant is ( [ae] ( [er] o[emr] — @ [eres] 107. A wire has a mass 0.4 0.004 g and length 8 + 0.08 (cm) ‘The maximum percentage error in the measurement of its density is 4%. The radius of the wire is r Ar, fing wr. (a) 0.02r (b) 0.01r (©) 0.03r (a) O.1r 168. In the formula X = 3¥Z?, X and Z have dimensions of ‘capacitance and magnetic induction respectively. What are the dimensions of Y in MKSQ system: @) Lrg) b) (MPL*T*Ot) © WET 9) @ (MPLTQ4) 109. The error in measurement of unknown resistance of X is ‘minimum in a meter bridge when [= 70 cm, where lis the distance of null point from one end. If X lok (A-D) find the value of A, where R is known resistance: (@) 35cm (b) 105cm © 140cm @ 210cm 116, A wire has a mass 0.3 + 0,003 g, radius 0.5 + 0.005 mm and length 6 + 0.06 cm. The maximum percentage error ‘in measurement of its density is: @ 1 &) 2 3 @4 111. A body travels uniformly a distance of ($+ AS) in atime (¢£1). What may be the condition so that body within At (AS) At Sar © +See @ & 7 Sa 1 (asyr 112. In a circuit, potential difference across resistance is V= (4 £0.25) V and current in resistance, [=(1 +0.1) ‘A. What is the value of resistance with its percentage error? (@) (42040 © 40418.25% &) 40+1625% @) 42422.25%113. The heat generated H in a circuit i given by PRT with usual notations. The percentage errors in measuring J, R and are 3%, 2% and 1% respectively, ‘The maximum error in measuring heat willbe: @ 6% ) 1% © 8% @ 9% 114. IF, R, C denote inductance, resistance and capacitance, respectively. Then dimension of “age Re () (MET) @ LT) @ LT) © (ATM Ty 11S. If an unknown quantity, o= Moa( 1+) where a na ‘m= mass, a = acceleration and I = length. @ (MLT} (MT?) (©) (M°LT®) @ IME) 116. The equation of stationary wave is y = A sin kr cos ar, where y and x are in meter and tin second. Choose the correc option. (@) the dimensions of A and k are same (©) the dimensions of A, k and qare same (©) the dimensions ofk and «are same (@) the dimensions of (kx) and (aa) are same 117. A quantity X is given by eu, where , is the permittivity of free space, Lisa length, AVis a potential difference and Ar is time interval. The dimensional formula for X is the same as that of (@) resistance (b) charge (©) voltage (@) current 118. v, T, p and 2 denote speed, surface tension, mass density and wavelength, respectively. In an experiment v depends on 7, p and 2, respectively. The value of vis proportional to ; a T fa ot © fF Ds IE F= 119. cach) then (a) Fand v denote force and velocity, the dimensions of Care (MT (b) x denotes distance, the dimensions of b are (L"'] Unie, Dimensions and Measurement 24 (©) the dimension we never be same as F (@) the dimensions of x must be same as os 120, IF m, ¢, ty and © denote mass electron, charge of electron, Planck's constant and speed of light, respectively. Te dimensions of ae hc (@) (MET ) (ML (©) (weLT) @ Weer) m1, J in [:-1} The value of xis V2at =| a (@) 1 (b) -1 oO (d) 2 122, OF the following quantities, which one has dimensions different from the remaining three (a) Energy per unit volume (b) Force per unit area (6) Product of voltage and charge per unit volume (@) Angular momentum per unit mass 123. A spherical body of mass m and radius r is allowed to fall in a medium of viscosity . The time in which the velocity of the body increases from zero to 0.63 times the terminal velocity (v) is called time constant (7). Dimensionally tan be represented by mr? os ©) ( 7 os (@) None of the above 6mnrv 124, According to Newton, the viscous force acting between liquid layers of area A and velocity gradient Av/As is given by Pena, where 1) is constant called coefficient of viscosity. The dimension of mare (@) [MLL] () (ML (©) (MLAL*} @ wer, 128. Position of a body with acceleration ‘a’ is given by ‘a"t, here is time. Find dimension of m and n () m=1,n=2 (@ m=2,n=2 126. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum in the experiment is recorded as 2.63 s, 2.56 s, 2.42 s, 2.71 s and 2.80 s respectively. The average absolute error is, @ O.ls () O.ls (© 001s @ 10s22 Physics al The 127. A physical quantity P is given by P= A> ope ‘quantity which brings inthe maximum percentage error inPis @a os oc @D 128. Ifthe acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms" and the units of length and time are changed in kilometer and hour respectively, the numerical value of the acceleration is (a) 360000 () 72,000 (©) 36,000 (@ 129600 129, Number of particlesis given by = ‘unit area perpendicular to X-axis in unit time, where 1, and n, are number of particles per unit volume for the value of x meant to x, and x, Find dimensions of D called as diffusion constant @ Mr () MET (©) MLT? (@ MET 130. The frequency of vibration of string is given by 2 Lm string and 1 isthe length. The dimensional formula for Fy | Here p is number of segments in the mill be (@ Lr} &) (MET) © (MET) @ LT} 131. From the equation tan @ = a one can obtain the angle of banking 6 fora cyclist taking a curve (te symbols have their usual meanings). Then say itis , (a) Both dimensionally and numerically correct (b) Neither numerically nor dimensionally correct (©) Dimensionally correct only (@) Numerically correct only 132. The position ofa particle at time rs given by the relation x=| (Ja 6%), where vis a constant and o> 0. @ ‘The dimensions of v, and atare respectively (@) MLT" and 7! (0) ML and T* (©) MOLT" and LT? (8) MOL'T" and T 133, The equation of state of some gases can be expressed as a)_ Re (r+&}-#. 6 the absolute temperature and a and b are constants. ‘The dimensional formula of ais where Pis the pressure, Vthe volume, (b) (LT) (@ (ML*7) 134. The length, breadth and thickness of a block are given by [= 12 em, b=6 em and = 2.45 em ‘The volume of the block according to the idea of significant figures should be (@) 1x 10m" (6) 2x 10%em' (©) 1.763 x 10%? (4) None of these 135, A. student writes four different expressions for the displacement ‘y’ ina periodic motion: (a) (MLIT} (©) (MET) 2a 1) y=asin— () yeasin= Q) y=sinvt @) y=$sine BRE A cog 2H @) y= gefin sett Where ‘a’ is maximum displacement, vi the speed and Tis the time period; then dimensionally: (@) Land 2are wrong (b) 2 and 3 are wrong (©) 3.and4.are wrong (4) 4 and I are wrong 136. If the acceleration due to gravity is represented by unity in a system of units and one second be the unit of time, the unit of length is: @ 98m 1m (© 98m @ 098m 137, If in a system the force of attraction between two point masses of 1 kg each situated 1 km apart is taken asa unit force and is called notwen (newton written in reverse order) and if G = 667 x 10" Nem? kg? in ST units the relation of notwen and newton is: 5.67 x 10"" newton 67 x 10-” newton (©) I notwen = 6.67 x 10-7 newton (@ 1 notwen = 6.67 x 10°? newton Muctipce Correct Answers Type 1. Which ofthe following ratios express pressure? (@) Force/Area (b) Energy/Volume (©) Energy/Area ——_(d) Force/Volume 2. The velocity, acceleration and force in two systems of units are related as ander: Gi) a’ =(@B)aAll the primed symbols belong to one system and "unprinted ones belong to the other system, evand f are dimensionless constants. Which ofthe following ivare correct? (@) Length standards ofthe systems are related by (5 (©) Mass standards ofthe wo systems are related by “{ (©) Time standards ofthe two systems are related by: Ga (@) Momentum standards ofthe systems are related by: te} 3. The gas equation for n moles of a real gas is: (reS}o-» nRT where P is the pressure, is the volume, Tis the absolute temperature, Ris the molar 228 constant and a, b are arbitrary constants. Which of the following have the same dimensions as those of py (@) nkT © av (© Pb (@ abive 4. The unit of —L— js same as ace @ 5. here E= electric field, B = magnetic field (b) speed © fe here, ¥ = Young's modulus of elasticity, pedensiy (@) 7, here 1 = coefficient of viscosity, r= radius, mr F = viscous force 5, If E, represents gravitational field, the dimensions of 5 — are same as G BP @ oF oF (©) pata? (@) pressure Unita, mansions and Moasurement 23 field, Here, ¢, = electric permittivity, £ = elect B= magnetic field, # = magnetic permeability P= density, A wmpitude (z ‘} where y is in metre, Then, r (a) the dimensions of a is [M°L)T") (b) the unit of sin'( ) is radian (6) the dimensions of x are same as those of b (@) the unit ofa is metre 7. The speed of a particle depends on the time ¢ as v= VAB+B1+—, Then, Det (@) A represents distance (0) B represents acceleration (©) Crepresents distance (@) Drepresents time 8, If pressure p of a gas is given in terms of time r and distance x as p= Asinbr+Bsinct, then (@) dimensions of “are same as 2 (b) dimensions of A is (MET) (©) dimensions of A and B are same (d) dimensions of b and c are same 9. If («+2 }o-9-x then (@) dimensions of A and B must be same (b) dimensions ofA and B may be same (©) dimensions of D and x must be same (@) dimensions of AD and y must be same 10, Error in measurement of radius ofa sphere is 1%, then (@) the error in measurement of volume is 3% (©) the error in measurement in volume is 1% (© the error in measurement of surface area is 2% (@ the error in measurement of surface area is 6% 11. Error in measurement of volume of a sphere is 9%, then (2) the erorin measurement of radius is 2% (©) the error in measurement of radius is 3% (©) the error in measurement surface area is 4% (@) the error in measurement surface area is 6%24 Physics 12. The rate of flow ‘of volume of viscous liquid is Z " Py i proportional (2), were Pe presse dient, r= radius of pipe, n = coefficient of visco pation, Cone ibe = coe of viscosity. © @ 13. Ifp, p.g and h denote pressure, density, acceleration due ‘© gravity and height, respectively. In the case of how a OF i FF shay, wher dts vei Matk the correct options. (@) the equation is dimensionally comect ©) if dimensions of u, are [MLT, the equation is dimensionally correct a 2g (©) dimensions of Pare same as that of Pe (4) none of the above 14, Units of are of Pe (2) charge () current (© time (@) frequency (C= capacitance, V = potential, p = specific resistance and & = permittivity of free space) 15. The pairs) of physical quantities that have the same dimensions is (are) (a) volumetric strain and coefficient of friction (©) disintegration constant of a radioactive substance and frequency of light wave (©) heat capacity and gravitational potential (@ Planck's constant and torque 16. Units of CR isare (C= capacitance and R = resistance) Voltsecond py Volt=second (@) Henry © pee ( ol (@ 220 ampere ampere’ 17. &,E* has the dimensions of (€, = permittivity of free space, E= electric-ield) (a) pressure © RT Here, k= Boltzman constant, T = absolute temperature, R= universal gas constant (b) kT (@) allof the above Linneo CompneHENsio! Knows there were spect (0), pressure (p) and density (4g the formula, He then start using dimensional analysis meyjgy to find the actual relation ere ke a densonlss constant. Of the basi of above passage answer the following questions: 1. The value of xis @ 1 12 © -12 @2 2. The value of yis @! & 12 © -12 @2 3. Ifthe density increases, the speed of sound will (@) increase (b) decrease (©) unchanged (@) none of these Paragraph-2 [A physical quantity X depends on another physical quantities as X=¥Fe"P” +2Wsin(ar) where r, F and W represens distance, force and work respectively and Y and are unknown physical quantities and , Bare positive constants. az «trop dees in 2) @ wr weer © MELT? (@) None of these 5. IfY represents velocity then dim (X) is equal to @ Mor ) ee? (© Mere (@) None of these 6. If Z represents frequency then choose the correct alternative (a) The dimension of X is [(ML'T) (&) The dimension of Fis (M°LT"] (©) The dimension of Bis (M°L-"7"] (@ The dimension of avis [ML'T"] Paragraph-3 ‘Suppose a student is trying to make a measurement system named mach system, so that he can use it like a code ‘measurement system. If he takes unit of mass as A kg, the unit of length as B meter, the unit of time as C second and the unit of charge as d coulomb, 7. In mach system, 1 ohm is (@) (A"B? cd) (by [ABCA (© [AB ca?) @ (At BC8. In mach system, 1 farad is (a) [ABC*d] Paragraph-4 In the dimensional formula of fore, the dimension of mass is I length is I and Tis ~2. Ifspeed of light (c), gravitational constant (G) and Planck's constant (4) are chosen as base units. 9. In the dimensional formula of mass, the respectively dimensional of c, G and h are boat ma 272 10. The dimensional formula for momentum is im @) Gh (©) ©?Gh (b) 2 (2) none of these are given in column IT, Match the physical quantities in column I and select the code. ss ofthe earth R= radius of the earth u B | newton Electric field intensity, | Where F = force due to charge Q= electric charge tL Vv | newton R= [where V= potential | | 2 difference across aresistance | ‘T= current inthe resistance D Universal gas constant R = PV. pl mR | | ampere Marcuine Cotumn Tree (EI 1. Suppose two students are tying to make @ new ‘measurement system so that they can use it like a code Lu 1. Ml, Nv. ‘measurement system and others do not understand it, = 2 A c Di Instead of taking 1 kg, Im and 1 sec as basic unit they are 7 7 a took unit of mass as a kg, the unit of length as b m and ce unit of time as y second. They called power in new ©. B c op | A system as ACME then match the two columns a. ce D A B [ Column I Column | 3, In Column-, some physical quantities are given and a Tr Al a'ey same possible ST units are given in column-I. [it_[ nse ssen B =e cae Ta ML, | 1 Pascal (SI unit of pressure) in| C | or | 7 ra Be P. cated LIV [a ACME in watt plagr C ;™ a ¥ ~ Magnitude of Codes: velocity i lc ee im W. B~ Magnetic field [a B A c D 9— Charge — netic ux ts z 7 > * | & Magnet - ii, | gk 2 = farad vot iz a B | p 1 ¢ hh—Plnck’sconstant | | “SO Loa c D A) 8B Gravitational 2. Match the column I with the column IT and mark the acceleration correct option from the given codes. AR Rydberg constant Some physical quantities are given in column I and some SI units in which these quantities may be expressed26 Physics ont a (0- Stefan’s constant b— Wien’s constant i | Hectic eomuctiity fe pec Eminsive power ampere per witmeter 7 po | z 1 Cocticien of = Viscosity a | @ | Resistance ‘Match the Column 1 and mark the correct option from eee, || sn i Now match the given columns and select the correct Column eet Z| ‘option from the codes given below. meres p. | Metre’ cae “Magnetic fx [ Li ae nee Ta | permaie a [pr | as [as | per ae | b as | ps | as | pe = IE = ik | Magnitude of electric |® | mene ¢ qr bs ns 1s | 4 a e e Magnitude of magnetic field) a. ce Pq ar pr mae s. | Newton 4, Match the Column I with Column Il and mark the tad second per correct from the given codes. eB Kilogram Column 1 (Column It Codes: i. | Modulus of rigidity |p. | Voltmeter per ampere i a i ae ii, | Latent heat 4. | Ohm-metre = a 2 £ 2 b @ Ds iii, | Electric resistivity | | Joule per ke ; ae Ai a 5 iv. | Gravitational ‘| Newton per metre! é pa | ss ns p pena _ 7. Match the Column I with Column O and mark the Codes: ‘correct option from the codes given below. i ii i iv ‘Column 1 ‘Column Tt a 5 r pg r i. [Magnitude of electric dipole [p. = Bs A A r 3 moment /Magnitude of eee - fi : ; > magnetic dipole moment 4 A 5 5 @ i | (Gece tux) x (Magnetic 943) Jo. | xe mota2Z) Match the Column I with Column I and mark the tik | Gravitational constant © | a taenr correct from the given codes. pa eenan one) araeer) eee Universal gas constant Column T Column Mt 5 * icin [Gravitational feld | p. | disintegration per second gram Ti, | Specific activity | q | watt per metre?Units, Dimensions and Measurement 27 Codes: Codes: i iit iv fe iv a 5 r @ ? a 7 2 [ow 2 4 + [os fh y 5 ie z r 4 Pp f. 4 L a | pa | rs | as | mg a | ag | os | p 7m 8. Match the physical quantities given in Column I with 10. If B = bulk modulus of electricity, A = amplitude, K = dimensions expressed in terms of mass (Mf), length (L), angular wave number, r= radius, Y= Young's modulus, Time (7), and charge (Q) given in Column It and write m= mass, «= angular frequency, F'= force, $= area. the correct answer against the matched quantity in a ‘Match the Column I with Column I and mark the tabular form from the codes given below. correct option from the codes given below. [Coan Column It [Cota Column Tt | [ngs momenta | y.27-2y BAK . | Wawmete? x i. | Latent heat + | oy patorc 4. | Joule it. | 1. | Newion per mete® iit. | Torque r 2 al (MT!) y in, | Capacitance © | aaron) : a | inductance © | acter a | ee L rter? 9%) E vic | Resisvty « | erty Codes: i ii i iv a a a 2 q r 5 2 a]sl+[ulr ®. . > : [aoa arr fr : s ‘ reo 7 e 4 P r ica pe rg |r (arate [ere tates leapt see L3 Yi as P @ 9, Im, e,h, 6, denote mass, charge, Planck's constant and + Match the following and select the correct alternatives electric permittivity. Match the Column I with Column siven below: naa ‘mark the correct option from the codes given ‘Column T (Column IT 2 i, [Unit of magnetic | (p) |a'z'r7a* Column Ir induction (B) P. [er] ii, Dimensions of B (q@) [aura iti, | Unit of up (0 | Newton/Amp (permeasilty) meter 4 [oez7"] iv. [Dimensions of uy | (s)_|Newton/(Amp)" v dimensions of [Mira © | fuer magnetic moment Codes: i [i Ti Tw Ts 5 Tate? ees a pt @ r t s b. Fe c r q s Dp 1 a (pies errs eet |e ges |r3. Which two have same dimens (a) Fore and strain (b) Force and stress, (©) Angular velocity and frequency (@) Energy and strain 4. The physical quan (a) speed and (4,6,)" (©) torque and work (©) momentum and Planck’s constant (@) stress and Young's modulus (AIEEE 2002) snot having same dimensions are (AIEEE 2003) 5. The dimensions of 1/s4é,, where symbols have their usual meaning, are @ ur} © AP) 6. Which one of the following represents the correct dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity? (a) [MET] &) ML} (© [MET] (@) (ML=7"] (ATEEE 2004) 7. Out of the following pairs, which one does not have identical dimensions? (@) work and torque (b) moment of inertia and moment of a force (©) impulse and momentum (@) angular momentum and Planck’s constant. (AIEEE 2005) 8. Which of the following units denotes the dimensions [ML:Q"}, where Q denotes the electric charge” (a) Him? (b) weber (Wb) (©) Whim? (@ henry (H) (AIEEE 2006) 9. Rad isthe correct unit used to report the measurement of (a) the biological effect of radiation (b) the rate of decay of a radioactive source. (©) the ability of a beam of gamma ray photons to produce ions in a target. (@) the energy delivered by radiation to a target (AIEEE 2006) 10. The dimensions of magnetic field in M, L, 7, and C (coulomb) is given as (a) (MITC) © (Mr'c') ) (L'7) (AIEEE 2003) (b) (MP-C*] @ rc} (AIEEE 2008) 11. The respective number of significant figures for the numbers 23.023, 0.0003, and 2.1 x 10° are (@) 5,1,2 (b) 5,1,5 (©) 5,5,2 @ 44,2 (AIEEE 2009) Units, Dimensions and Measurement 28 12, Resistance ofa given wire is obtained by measuring the current flowing in it and the voltage difference applied across it, IF the percentage errors in the measurements of the current and the voltage difference are 3% each, then error in the value of resistance of the wire is: (a) 6% (b) zero © M% (d) 3% (AIEEE 2012) 13, Let{«,Jdenote thedimensional formulaofthe permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass, L = length, 7 = time and As electric current, then @ [a l=rrtay 0b) [el=(M'E 7147] © [a l=(M'2T'A) @ [e)='777A] (JEE Main 2013) JEE (ADVANCED) ———________e Sinete Connect Answer Type 1. The dimensional formula forthe modulus of rigidity is (@) MLT? () MET? © Mar? @ MoT (HT-JEE 1982) 2, Dimensional formula of magnetic fux i @ META (b) MULT © MIATAA® @ Mere (ITJEE 1982) 43, Inductance L can be dimensionally represented as, (@) MET? A? (b) MLT+ A (©) ML*T? A> @ META (UT-JEE 1983) 4, Dimensional formula for torque is (@) er? () eur (© eur @ LMT? (UT-JEE 1983) 5. Dimensional formula for latent heat is @ Mer (b) Mr? (©) MET? @ MET! (UT-JEE 1983, 89) 6. Dimensicnal formula for angular momentum is a. MLT* (b) MET" (©) MLT* (@ MULT? (IIT-JEE 1983) 7. Dimensional formula of capacitance is (@) MILT At () META? (©) MLT At @ MILT Az (IT-JEE 1983)30. Physics 8. If L, C and R represent inductance, capacitance and resistance respectively, then which of the following does not represent dimensions of frequency 1 R @ R (a) RC b) L of @ © ares sy VLC L : » 9. The dimensional formula for Planck's constant (i) is (a) ML*T? (b) MT? © MULT (@) ME (UTE 1985) 10. If E, M, J and G respectively denote energy, mass, angular momentum and gravitational constant, then EP Sig? beste dimensions of (@) length (©) mass ©) angle © time (ITE 1990) UL. If L, R, C and V respectively represent inductance resistance, capacitance and potential difference, then the dimensions of —4— are the same as those of RCV 1 current 1 charge (a) current ) (©) charge @ (UT-JEE 1991) 12. A highly rigid cubical block A of small mass M and side Lis fixed rigidly onto another cubical block B of the same dimensions and of low modulus of rigiity 7 such that the lower face of A completely covers the upper face of B. The lower face of Bis rigidly held on a horizontal surface. A small force Fis applied perpendicular to one ofthe side faces of A. After the force is withdrawn block ‘A executes small oscillations. The time period of which is given by (Mn L 2n,{ ane @ on \ Ors @ 2» je nL © 2, ee (UT-IEE 1992) 13. The dimensions of (1/2)6,E*(é, is permitivity of free space, Eis electric field) are (@) MIT" (6) MET? (©) Mit? (@ MET" (T-JEE 2000) av 14. A quantity X is given by Gola» where 6 isthe ermittivity of the fre space, Lis the length, AV js veri ed i he tie ine The otential dif Gimensional formula for X is the same as that of Resistance (b) Charge o Voltage (@ Current (NT-JEE 2001) 15. A cube has sides of length 1.2.x 10 m. Caleulae is volume. - (a) 1.7 10m? (b) 1.73 x 10% m’ (c) 10% m* (d) 1.732 x 10% m* orm (IIT-JEE 2003) sic) zis distance, k is Boltzmann's 16, Pressure depends on distance as P where a, Bare constant, and Bis temperature. The dimensions of Bare @ mT @ Mer constant, (a) MLT? (©) MLT* (IT-JEE 2004) 17. A wire of length [ = 6 + 0.06 cm and radius r = 0.5 £0,005 cm has mass m- 3 + 0.003 g. Maximum percentage error in density is @4 2 @ (@) 68 (IIT-JEE 2004) 18. Which of the following sets has different dimensions? (a) Pressure, Young's modulus, stress () Em, potential difference, electric potential (c) Heat, work done, energy (@) Dipole moment, electric flux, electric field (IIT-JEE 2005) Muttipte Correct Answers Type 1. L,C,and R represent the physical quantities inductance, capacitance, and resistance, respectively. The combinations which have the dimension of frequency are (@ URC © RL © Wie @ CL (IT-JEE 1984) . The dimensions ofthe quantities in one (or more) ofthe following pairs are the same. Identify the pair(s). (@) Torque and work () Angular momentum and work (©) Energy and Young's modulus (@ Light year and wavelength (UT-JEE 1986) 3. If the dimensions of length are expressed as Gch; ‘where G, cand hare the universal gravitational constant, speed of light and Planck’s constant respectively, then2 (UTJEE 1992) 4. Which of the following pairs hashave the same dimensions? (2) Reynold number and coefficient of friction (©) Cutie and frequency of light wave (©) Latent heat and gravitational potential (@) Planck's constant and torque (IIT. JEE. 1998) 4. The SY unit of inductance, henry, can be writen as (@) Weberlampere _(b) Volt-second/ampere (©) JouleMampere)2 — (d) Ohm-second (UTE 1998) 6. Let (6) denote the dimensional formula of the permitivity of vacuum and [4] that ofthe permeability of vacuum. If M = mass, L = length, T'= time, and [= clectric current, then @ (QJ=MLTH — ) [el = Mere (©) (H)=METI? —@) ()=MET-y (UT-JEE 1998) 7. Planck's constant h, speed of light ¢ and gravitational constant G are used to from a unit of length L and a unit of mass M. Then the correct options(s) is (are) (a) Mee () M=VG © Levi @ Lee (JEE Advanced 2015) 8. In terms of potential difference V, electric current /, permittivity €, permeability 14, and speed of light c, the dimensionally correct equations(s) is(are) (@) mf,=e¥ ©) eI= 1 © @ wel=ev (IEE Advanced 2015) 9. A length-scale (I) depends on the permittivity (€) of a dielectric material, Boltzmann constant ky the absolute temperature 7, the number per unit volume (n) of certain charged particles, and the charge (q) carried by each of the particles, Which of the following expressions(s) for 1is(ate) dimensionally correct? Units, Dimensions and Measuremont 31 Matchina Couumn Type : 1. Match the physical quantities given in Column I with dimensions expressed in terms of mass (M), length (L) Lime (7), and charge (Q) given in Column Il Colur Column 1 i, [Angular momentum [a [Muir? fi,_| Torque Mur ii_[ Inductance cL MeT9' iv._| Latent heat a [Mug v._| Capacitance ce [MLT"g? [vic | Resistivity f (UT-JEE 1983) 2. Column I gives three physical quantities. Select the appropriate units for the choices given in Column Il. Some of the physical quantities may have more than one choice correct, Column T Column Tt i ] Capacitance & | Obmsecond Magnetic induction |b. | Coulomb (volt! | Inductance «. | Coulomb joule! 4. | Newton (ampere meter" e-_| Wott Second (ampere) (UT-JEE 1990) 3. Match the following: Column T (Column I i] Cure A] Mor ii | Light year Bf ii, [Dielectric suength |. | Dimensionless iv. [Atomic weight |. |r \. | Decibel B [Mer B | are G |r |e L ferr jure 2 = | =, | 7 (a) (4) ) ro | £ ] i en bgr (JEE Advanced 2016) Choose the correct match | @) @G, Gi) H, Gi) C, iv) B,C (©) @D, Gi) H, Gi) I, Gv) B, (WG © @G, Gi) H, Gi) 1, Gv) B, (WG (@) None of the above (UT-JEE 1992)