Indian Geography I
Indian Geography I
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Indian Geography I
Table of contents
Introduction
Location
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Introduction
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India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north to 37°6' north latitude and
68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with
a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres. India measures 3,214 km from north to
south and 2,933 km from east to west.
Location
• India is located latitudinally in the Northern Hemisphere and longitudinally in the
Eastern Hemisphere.
• It extends from 8°4’ N to 37°6’ N latitude and 68°7’ E to 97°25’ E longitude.
• The Country is divided into almost equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (passing from
Jabalpur in MP).
• It is the seventh-largest country in the world.
• It occupies the south-central peninsula of Asia. Arabian Peninsula and the African
continent lie on the west and Myanmar, Malaysia, and Indonesia in the east.
• The southernmost point in Indian Territory, (in Great Nicobar Island) is the Indira
Point (6°45'), while Kanyakumari, also known as Cape Comorin, is the southernmost
point of Indian Mainland.
The 82°30' E longitude is taken as the standard Time Meridian of India, as it passes
through the middle of India (from Naini, near Allahabad).
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a. sixth
b. seventh
c. ninth
d. second
View Solution
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• Radcliffe Line: Borderline between India and Pakistan, and India and Bangladesh.
The border was decided by Sir Cyril Radcliffe in 1947.
• McMahon Line: Borderline between India and China. This line was decided by Sir
Henry McMahon in 1914.
Durand Line: Borderline between India and Afghanistan. This line was decided by
Sir Henry Mortimer Durand in 1896.
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Try yourself: The Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait separate India from
a. Bangladesh
b. China
c. Sri Lanka
d. Switzerland
View Solution
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Try yourself: Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 States. Which of the following
is not one of them?
a. Chhattisgarh
b. West Bengal,
c. Gujarat
d. Andhra Pardesh
View Solution
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• Barren Island is only India’s active volcano which situated in the east of Middle
Andaman.
• The Palk Strait is situated between Tamil Nadu (India) and Sri Lanka.
• The Adam’s Bridge is situated between Tamil Nadu (India) and Sri Lanka. Pamban Island
is a part of the Adam’s Bridge. Rameshwaram is situated on this Island.
The Palk Bay is to the north and the Gulf of Mannar is to the south of the Adam’s Bridge.
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d. Puducherry (Pondicherry)
View Solution
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• Krishna: Originates from the Western Ghats and falls into the Bay of Bengal. It
measures around 1327 km in length.
• Godavari: Originates from Nasik Distt. in Maharashtra and falls into the Bay of
Bengal. It measures around 1465 km in length.
• Cauvery: Originates from Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats and falls into the Bay
of Bengal. It measures around 805 km in length.
Tungabhadra: Originates from Western Ghats and falls into the Krishna River. It
measures around 640 km in length.
a. Beas
b. Chambal
c. Ghagra
d. Kosi
View Solution
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Try yourself:
Ghana or Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is located in?
a. Kashmir
b. Jharkhand
c. Kerala
d. Rajasthan
View Solution
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5. Hirakud Project:
6. Rihand Project:
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Longest
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• River: Ganges
• Tributary river of India: Yamuna
• River of the South: Godavari
• Road: Grand Trunk Road
• State Coast Line: Gujarat
• Railway Route: From Jammu to Kanyakumari
• Tunnel: Pir Panjal tunnel (Jammu &Kashmir)
• National Highway: NH 44 as it covers the North-South Corridor of NHDP and it is
officially listed as running over 4,112 km (2,555 mi) from Srinagar to Kanyakumari.
• Dam: Hirakud dam (Odisha)
• Bridge: Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Bridge(9.15 Km )
• River Bridge: Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
• Rail Bridge: Vembanad Rail Bridge, Kerala
• Electric Railway Line: From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
• Corridor: Rameswaram Temple corridor (Tamil Nadu)
• Railway Platform: Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh)
• Coastline in South India: Andhra Pradesh
• The river which forms estuary: Narmada
• Beach: Marina Beach (Chennai)
Largest
• Lake (Freshwater): Wular lake (Kashmir)
• Lake (Artificial): Dhebar lake (Udaipur, Rajasthan)
• Mosque: Jama Masjid, Delhi
• Populated city: Mumbai (12,478, 447)
• Museum: National Museum, Kolkata
• Delta: Sunderban Delta, W. Bengal
• Dome: Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka)
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Highest
• Mountain Peak: Godwin Austin (K²)
• Dam: Bhakra Dam (Punjab)
• Tower: Pitampura Tower, Delhi
• Waterfall: Kunchikal (Karnataka)
• Densely Populated State: Bihar
• Gateway: Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)
• Straight Gravity Dam: Bhakra Dam
• Lake: Devatal (Garhwal)
• Award: Bharat Ratna
• Gallantry Award: Paramveer Chakra
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Note:
• Smallest State(area): Goa
• Smallest State(Population): Sikkim
• Place of heaviest rainfall: Mausinram (Meghalaya)
• Deepest river valley: Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
• Bank, with maximum branches: State Bank of India
a. Sikkim
b. Goa
c. Gujrat
d. MP
View Solution
Dif�cult Words
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• Latitudinally: In relation to latitude, the distance north or south from the equator.
• Longitudinally: In relation to longitude, the distance east or west from the prime
meridian.
• Peninsula: A piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of
water.
• Equator: An imaginary line around the Earth, equidistant from the North and South
Poles, dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
• Frontier: A border between two countries.
• Plateaus: Elevated �at areas of land.
• Meridian: An imaginary line of longitude on the Earth's surface.
• Asiatic: Relating to Asia.
• Rhino: Short for Rhinoceros, a large herbivorous mammal with one or two horns on the
nose.
• Chenab: A river in South Asia, one of the major rivers in the Indian subcontinent.
• Estuary: The tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream.
• Cantilever: A long projecting beam or girder �xed at only one end, used in bridge
construction.
• Gallantry: Heroic courage, bravery.
• Garhwal: A region and administrative division in the northern part of the Indian state of
Uttarakhand.
• Paramveer Chakra: The highest wartime military decoration of India.
• Tropic of Cancer: The circle of latitude approximately 23.5° north of the equator,
marking the northernmost position where the sun appears directly overhead at the
solstice.
• Radcliffe Line: The boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan drawn by Sir
Cyril Radcliffe during the partition of India in 1947.
• McMahon Line: The boundary line between India and China, demarcated by Sir Henry
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McMahon in 1914.
• Durand Line: The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, established by Sir Henry
Mortimer Durand in 1896.
• Union Territories: Regions in India that are governed directly by the Central
Government of India.
• Indira Point: The southernmost point of India, located on Great Nicobar Island.
• Barren Island: The only active volcano in India, situated in the east of Middle Andaman.
• Narcondam Island: A volcanic island in the northern-eastern part of North Andaman.
• Duncan Pass: A strait between South Andaman and Little Andaman.
• Gulf of Mannar: A large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian
Ocean.
• Palk Strait: A strait between Tamil Nadu (India) and Sri Lanka.
• Adam’s Bridge: A chain of limestone shoals between Tamil Nadu (India) and Sri Lanka.
• Pamban Island: An island that is part of Adam’s Bridge, where Rameshwaram is
situated.
• Bhakra Nangal Project: A multipurpose river valley development project on the Satluj
River in Punjab.
• Zoological Garden: A facility where animals are kept for public viewing, commonly
known as a zoo.
• Silachi Glacier: A glacier located in a battle�eld context mentioned in the text.
• Meridian: An imaginary circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on
the earth's surface and the poles.
• Archipelago: A group or chain of islands.
• Tributary: A river or stream that �ows into a larger river.
• Corridor: A strip of natural habitat that connects separated populations of a species.
• Saline: Containing or resembling common table salt; salty.
• Delta: A landform that forms at the mouth of a river, where the river �ows into an
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Ans. India has several major ports located along its coastline. Some of the major ports in India
include Mumbai Port, Chennai Port, Kolkata Port, Visakhapatnam Port, and Kochi Port. These
ports play a crucial role in India's trade and commerce, handling a significant amount of cargo
and facilitating international trade.
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