Learning &
OB-MOD
Students will be able to…
• Reflect what motivates people to learn and to perform.
• Understand learning, how it progresses, the theories
associated and how different people learn.
Modes of Learning
• Self-study • Shadowing
• Job rotation and lateral
• Certification
moves
• Understudy
• CFTs
• On-the-job coaching
• Variety of job
• Training/internship assignments
• Job enrichment • Higher-level meeting
attendance
Learning
It is the process of acquiring new knowledge, skills and values
which relatively changes the behavior of individual.
Learning…
• involves change
• is relatively permanent
• is acquired through experience
• involves reinforcement of a behaviour
• is reflected in behaviour
Motivation
Reinforcement (Providing opportunities to
practice)
Feedback
Spaced practice
Active learning
Offering meaningful content
Feedback
Environment
Types of Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Learning
Social Learning
Classical conditioning
• Propounded by a Russian physiologist, Ivan
Pavlov
• Focus on learning by association. Key Concepts
• Unconditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned response
• Ivan studied salivation in dogs as part of his
research programme. • Conditioned stimulus
• Conditioned response
• A type of conditioning in which an
individual responds to some stimulus that
would not ordinarily produce such a
response.
Operant Conditioning
• Coined by behaviourist B.F. Skinner.
• It is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and
punishments for behaviour.
• Operant conditioning argues that behaviour is a function of
its consequences. People learn to behave to get something
they want or avoid something they don't want. Operant
behaviour means voluntary or learned behaviour, unlike
reflexive or unlearned behaviour.
• According to the principle based on Thorndike’s law of effect, behavior
that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and
behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be
repeated.
• Skinner introduced a new term into the Law of Effect - Reinforcement.
Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated (i.e., strengthened);
behavior which is not reinforced tends to die out-or be extinguished (i.e.,
weakened).
2–16
Types of Reinforcement
• Positive reinforcement
• Providing a reward for the desired behaviour.
• Negative reinforcement
• Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behaviour occurs.
• Punishment
• Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate undesirable behaviour.
• Extinction
• Withholding reinforcement of behaviour to cause its cessation.
Cognitive Learning
This theory debates that the learner forms a
cognitive structure in memory which stores
organized information about the various
events that occurs.
Theories of Learning
Social-Learning Theory
Propounded by Albert Bandura
People can learn through observation and direct experience.
OB Modification
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