ABSTRACT
Ports and maritime transport play an important role in Haldia’s
development, but there is growing concern about environmental
issues associated with these activities. Waste generated from ships,
including normal and hazardous waste, is a significant source of
coastal pollution due to illegal dumping at sea and improper handling
on land. This study focuses on the ship waste management system of
Haldia Port, the Gateway of Eastern India". A survey on waste
composition and a survey on senior staff attitudes towards port
reception facilities were conducted to provide baseline data for waste
management. The results showed that there are significant differences
in the composition of trash between the different types of ships in
Haldia Port. More recyclable materials were unloaded at ports from
bulk carriers and chemical and oil products tanker than from small
vessels. This study will contribute to the development of
comprehensive waste management plans in Haldia port that promote
sustainable port strategies.
Bulk Carrier 26.11%
Oil Products Tanker 4.84%
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker 4%
Aims and objective
The main goals of our study is to know about the waste management
in our particular area of study that is Haldia Dock Complex. Our goal
is to know about the amount of waste emitted by ships, maximize
recycling by disposing of solid waste through proper channels in
dockyard and minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal,
and practice sustainable waste management. This includes strategies
such as source reduction, recycling, composting, and safe disposal of
remaining waste of bulk cargo ships anchored in port areas.
Furthermore, waste management aims to protect public health and the
environment in the locality of port township through responsible and
efficient waste management by the help of port authorities.
Important aspects of solid waste disposal on ships include:
1. **Waste Segregation:**
- Crew must separate waste at source into various categories such as food waste, plastics, glass,
metals, and general waste. .
- Suitable facilities and containers should be provided on board for the separate collection of different
types of solid waste.
2. **Storage:**
- Collected waste must be stored securely to prevent spillage or leakage during travel.
– Adequate storage space and proper labeling of storage areas are essential for efficient waste
management.
3. **Incineration:**
- Some ships are equipped with incinerators for burning certain types of solid waste, such as food
waste and sludge. However, strict regulations apply to waste incineration at sea to minimize air
pollution.
4. **Compaction and Shredding:**
- Some ships use compactors and shredders to reduce the amount of non-combustible waste and make
storage and disposal more efficient.
5. **Waste Disposal Port:**
- Vessels must comply with the waste disposal regulations of the port facility. Many ports have
reception facilities where ships can unload solid waste and properly dispose of or recycle it.
6. **Waste Management Plan:**
-A vessel must have a waste management plan in accordance with her MARPOL Annex V. This plan
describes procedures for the collection, storage, and disposal of various types of solid waste.
7. **Training and Awareness:**
- Crew should be properly trained in waste management procedures and awareness programs should
be implemented to emphasize the importance of proper waste disposal. there is.
8. **Documentation:**
- Ships must maintain records of waste management activities, including the amount and type of
waste generated, collected and disposed of.
9. **International Regulations:** Compliance with international regulations such as
– MARPOL Annex V is essential for ships. This includes compliance with emission limits and
reporting requirements.
Efficient waste disposal on ships contributes to the overall sustainability of maritime operations and
helps protect the marine environment. Ships must incorporate waste management practices into their
daily operations and comply with applicable regulations to minimize their impact on the environment.
Merchant ships produce waste during normal operations. Proper disposal prevents contamination from
ships. Accidental or intentional releases of waste from ships can damage marine habitats, contaminate
the food chain, and harm marine life. Shipowners, seafarers, regulators and port operators are working
together to dispose of this waste safely.
Once the ship is in port, private service providers dispose of the waste using barges or trucks,
depending on available space, regulations, and type of waste.
Solid waste generated from ships (often referred to as marine waste or ship waste) includes a variety
of materials generated during normal marine operations. Proper disposal of this waste is very
important to prevent environmental pollution and ensure compliance with international regulations,
especially his MARPOL Annex V. The main types of solid waste generated by ships are:
1. **Cargo Residual Waste:**
- This includes residues generated during loading, unloading, and handling of cargo. This may include
packaging materials, dunnage, and cargo residue.
2. **Food Waste:**
- Ships discharge food waste from galleys and dining areas. This waste typically includes food scraps,
skins, and other organic materials.
3. **Plastic:**
– Plastic waste remains a serious problem in the marine environment. This includes packaging,
containers and other plastic items used on board.
4. **Paper and Cardboard:**
- Ships generate paper and cardboard waste from a variety of sources, including: B. Packaging,
administrative activities and printed materials.
5. **Metal Waste:**
- Metal waste onboard ships includes scrap metal, empty containers, discarded parts, etc. This waste
can occur during maintenance and repair work.
6. **Glass Waste:**
- Glass containers and other glass objects contribute to the solid waste generated on ships. Proper
disposal and recycling of glass waste is essential.
7． **Operational Waste:**
- This category includes waste generated during normal vessel operations, such as: B. Cleaning
supplies, rags, and other items used for maintenance.
8. **Cargo residues from pre-wash tanks:**
- Cargo residues left in pre-wash tanks after cleaning the cargo hold can be a source of solid waste
generated from the vessel.
9. **Household Waste:**
– Household waste includes waste from crew quarters, such as personal and non-hazardous items.
To handle this solid waste, ships must adopt appropriate waste separation, storage and disposal
procedures. Annex V of MARPOL provides guidelines for preventing pollution from marine waste
and prohibits the dumping of certain types of waste at sea, such as plastics. Vessels also require a
waste management plan that describes procedures for collecting, storing, processing, and disposing of
different types of waste.
It is important that vessel operators and crews are aware of these regulations and are proactive in
waste management practices to minimize the environmental impact of marine activities. Many ports
also have ship waste reception facilities, facilitating proper disposal and recycling upon arrival at the
port.
PORT RECEPTION FACILITIES BY HALDIA DOCK COMPLEX
Oil Reception Facility
the bulk hazardous liquids typically handled in HDC are acids, methyl tert-butyl, etc. categories. A
company approved by the Pollution Control Board is contracted to collect hazardous liquid
residue/water mixtures from tank cleaning. Recovery of hazardous liquid substance residues during
tank cleaning is free of port fees and the port is available 24 hours a day, but arrangements must be
made with 48 hours' notice.
Reception facility for Noxious Liquid Substances carried in bulk
The bulk hazardous liquids typically handled in HDC are acids, methyl tert-butyl, etc. categories. A
company approved by the Pollution Control Board is contracted to collect hazardous liquid
residue/water mixtures from tank cleaning. There are no port fees for recovering hazardous liquid
substance residues from tank cleaning. The port is open 24 hours a day. However, arrangements
require 48 hours' notice.
Reception of sewage
a wastewater collection facility for ships calling at HDC was constructed with a truck holding
arrangement specifically designed for this purpose. The wastewater thus collected is transported to
Haldia Dock Complex Sewage Treatment Plant for treatment and disposal. Discussions are also
underway to reach an agreement with city authorities. There are no port fees for wastewater treatment
and the port is open 24 hours a day. However, he needs 48 hours' notice to pick it up.
Reception of garbage
With the cooperation of local communities, we are developing a collection facility for ship waste. The
local government hired a company approved by the Pollution Control Board. Garbage collection
directly from vessels by municipal trucks will occur daily according to a pre-announced schedule. The
garbage tank is located in front of Haldia Oil Jetty. The segregated waste will be disposed of with VAT
and then collected daily by city trucks according to a pre-announced schedule. There is no port fee for
garbage collection. Arrangements require 48 hours' notice. However, if the vessel requires facilities
beyond the scheduled time, arrangements can be made accordingly.
Ozone depleting substances, equipment containing such substance and exhaust gas cleaning substances
a company approved by the Pollution Control Board was contracted to collect ozone-depleting
substances, equipment containing such substances, and emission control residues. This facility has no
entry fees and is open 24 hours a day. However, arrangements require his 48 hours' notice.
SOLUTIONS
Please provide the characteristics (in terms of quantum composition) of hazardous wastes such as
wastes and solid wastes and indicate the disposal methods employed for these two categories of
wastes. Haldia Dock Complex, Memorandum of Understanding was signed between SMPK and
Haldia Municipal Corporation for regular collection and disposal of municipal and domestic waste.
The collected waste will be processed and disposed of by West Bengal Waste Management Limited
(Unit – Il). For this purpose, Haldia Municipality he signed an agreement with WBWML
(Department0).Port operations generate hazardous wastes which, with the approval of the competent
supervisory authority, are handed over to registered recycling companies for further processing.
Shipping plays an important role in global trade and is the backbone of the global economy.
Without ships and the transportation services they provide, the world would not be as prosperous as it
is today, and many countries would not be able to participate in world trade. Considering the role of
shipping in international trade and the impact that unnecessary delays have on transportation costs, the
international regulatory system, which consists of various conventions such as MARPOL and
SOLAS, includes measures to prevent unnecessary delays for ships. Regulations are included. In
addition, the adoption of the "International Maritime Convention No.
Facilitation Convention" will eliminate unnecessary delays in maritime transport by simplifying and
minimizing the procedures, documents, and procedures necessary for entering and departing from
ports No.
Introduction
During voyage of a ship from one port to another, different types of
wastes are generated because of day to day operation of the ship and
livelihood of the crews, which fall under the scope of international
convention for the prevention of pollution from ships. Ports and
maritime transport play an important role in Haldia’s development,
but there is growing concern about environmental issues associated
with these activities. Waste generated from ships, including normal
and hazardous waste, is a significant source of coastal pollution due to
illegal dumping at sea and improper handling on land. This study
focuses on the ship waste management system of Haldia Port, the
Gateway of Eastern India". A survey on waste composition and a
survey on senior staff attitudes towards port reception facilities were
conducted to provide baseline data for waste management. The results
showed that there are significant differences in the composition of
trash between the different types of ships in Haldia Port. More
recyclable materials were unloaded at ports from bulk carriers and
chemical and oil products tanker than from small vessels. This study
will contribute to the development of comprehensive waste
management plans in Haldia port that promote sustainable port
strategies.
1.2 Significance of the study
The study of solid waste management by ships is significant for
several reasons, considering the impact of maritime activities on the
environment, regulatory requirements, and the overall sustainability
of the shipping industry. In summary, the study of solid waste
management by ships is crucial for environmental protection, legal
compliance, human health, industry reputation, resource efficiency,
and overall sustainability in the maritime sector. It helps shape
responsible practices and supports the industry's alignment with
global environmental and social objectives.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A major environmental challenge is the amount of solid waste
generated by maritime activities. Insufficient handling of solid waste
on board vessels results in contamination, endangers marine habitats,
and challenges environmentally friendly methods. Inadequate
enforcement or implementation of current legislation and
recommendations may result in inadequate waste management
practices in the maritime sector. Port facilities across the globe face
difficulties in efficiently handling solid waste, which can result in
negative effects on the environment, health risks, and operational
inefficiencies. The current port solid waste management systems need
immediate attention for development because they frequently have
problems with insufficient infrastructure, following regulations, and
the requirement for sustainable practices.
1.3 Aims and objective
The main goals of our study is to know about the waste management
in our particular area of study that is Haldia Dock Complex. Our goal
is to know about the amount of waste emitted by ships, maximize
recycling by disposing of solid waste through proper channels in
dockyard and minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal,
and practice sustainable waste management. This includes strategies
such as source reduction, recycling, composting, and safe disposal of
remaining waste of bulk cargo ships anchored in port areas.
Furthermore, waste management aims to protect public health and the
environment in the locality of port township through responsible and
efficient waste management by the help of port authorities.
1.4- Research questions
1. What is the composition and quantity of solid waste generated by
different types of ships?
2. How well do ships comply with existing international and national
regulations on solid waste management?
3. What innovative technologies and systems can be implemented on ships
to minimize solid waste generation?
4. How can awareness and education programs influence better waste
management practices among ship crews?
5. Are there effective systems for waste disposal collaboration between
ships and port authorities?
6. What legal frameworks exist to hold ship operators accountable for
improper waste disposal practices?
1.5- Hypothesis
The implementation of advanced waste treatment technologies
on ships leads to a significant reduction in the overall volume
and environmental impact of solid waste generated during
voyages
Public Perception and Corporate Social Responsibility:
Shipping companies that actively engage in responsible solid
waste management practices experience a positive shift in public
perception, leading to increased customer loyalty and positive
corporate social responsibility (CSR) outcomes.
1.6 Methodology
To conduct an empirical study on solid waste management in the
shipping industry, a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative
and qualitative research methods are effectively used. In Quantitative
Phase , Survey Design and Implementation and Questionnaire
methodology was adopted. Aspects such as waste generation rates,
disposal practices, compliance with regulations, and awareness of
waste management policies was included in quantitative data analysis.
Sampling and Data Collection methods were used in the research to
collect sample through various channels (online, phone
interviews,)which ensured ethical considerations, including obtaining
informed consent.Creation of semi-structured interview guides or
focus group protocols covering qualitative aspects of solid waste
management are used in the research paper. Practical
recommendations for improving solid waste management practices in
the shipping industry are also used .The comprehensive methodology
adopted in the work integrates both quantitative and qualitative
approaches to provide a holistic understanding of solid waste
management in the shipping industry.
1.7 Solid waste management on ships is an important aspect of
maritime operations to ensure environmental sustainability and
compliance with international regulations. During their operations,
ships generate various types of solid waste, including food waste,
packaging materials, paper, plastic, glass, metal, and other general
waste. Proper disposal of solid waste onboard ships is essential to
prevent pollution of the marine environment and comply with
regulations such as International Maritime Organization (IMO)
MARPOL convention.
Throughout their operations, ships produce a variety of solid wastes,
and the makeup of these wastes varies based on the ship's kind, its
activities, and the applicable rules. Typical ship sources of solid waste
include:
1. Food Waste: - This comprises galley waste, food scraps, and
leftover food.
2. Plastics and Packaging: - The solid trash produced is influenced by
plastic objects, containers, and packaging materials.
3. Paper and Cardboard: - Paper waste is produced by ships through
packaging, administrative tasks, and other sources.
4. Metals: - Waste made of metal comprises worn-out
components,scrap metal, and abandoned machinery..
5. Glass - Glass trash can originate from various shipboard operations,
shattered glass, or beverage containers.
6. Hazardous Waste - Materials like spent oil, chemicals, and other
waste products can be produced by ships.
7. E-waste, or electronic waste: - E-waste needs to be disposed of
properly because it includes potentially dangerous materials.
8. Textiles: - Shipboard solid trash is influenced by clothing, linens,
and other textile products.
9. Residual Ash: - Ash is a byproduct of burning waste on board ships
equipped with incinerators.
10. Miscellaneous garbage: - The total amount of solid garbage
produced includes miscellaneous objects including worn-out
machinery, broken furniture, and other non-categorized rubbish.
It's crucial to remember that international laws, such those included in
MARPOL Annex V, set standards for the handling and elimination of
solid waste produced by ships. These rules are intended to reduce the
negative effects of trash disposal at sea on the environment and to
encourage shipboard waste management methods that are appropriate.
Ship operators are encouraged to implement waste reduction
strategies, recycle materials where possible, and comply with relevant
regulations to minimize the environmental footprint associated with
the solid waste generated during their operations.
Body 1.8- Theoritical Model.
A theoretical model for solid waste management by ships can be
conceptualized by considering various factors that influence the
generation, handling, and disposal of solid waste on ships. This
theoretical model provides a holistic framework for understanding the
complexities of solid waste management on ships, taking into account
various influencing factors and the dynamic nature of the maritime
industry. It emphasizes the importance of compliance, environmental
impact, and adaptability in developing effective waste management
strategies for ships. Researchers and practitioners can use this model
as a foundation for empirical studies and practical interventions to
enhance solid waste management practices in the maritime sector.
1.7.CHAPTERISATION ➢
FIRST CHAPTER - INTRODUCTION
It deals with the introduction of this paper, research design, objectives
and methodology used to answer the research questions.
SECOND CHAPTER- Overview of Solid Waste Management on
Ships
It deals with Sources of Solid Waste on Ships, Classification of Solid
Waste on Ships, waste Segregation Methods and Storage Facilities
and Procedures of management of solid waste.
THIRD CHAPTER- Regulatory framework regarding solid waste
management of ships
It deals with International Regulations (e.g., MARPOL Annex
V),National and Local Regulations and Compliance Requirements for
Ship Operators.
FOURTH CHAPTER - Analysis of current status of solid waste
management at ports.
This chapter discusses about the types and quantities of waste
generated by port activities. and identification of major sources of
waste.it also discusses about Evaluation and assessment of storage,
collection, and disposal facilities of existing waste management
infrastructure at the port. It also mentions about the examination of
the port's adherence to international and national regulations.
FIFTH CHAPTER-Challenges and barriers regarding solid waste
management on ships
This chapter discusses about Operational Challenges which further
states about Identification of operational challenges in implementing
effective waste management and analysis of logistical and resource-
related obstacles. It also discusses about Technological and Financial
barriers affecting waste management initiatives.
SXITH CHAPTER – Critical analysis of future trends and
innovations regarding solid waste management of ships.
The chapter deals with Identification and implementation of state-of-
the-art waste treatment technologies. It also deals with Evaluation of
the environmental impact and efficiency of these technologies and
Integration of smart and automated systems for waste segregation and
processing. At the end Industry Trends and Future Directions
regarding solid waste management are discussed.
SEVENTH CHAPTER - FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
It deals with establishment of mechanisms for continuous feedback
and evaluation and strategies for adapting the waste management plan
based on ongoing assessments. It also discusses about actions for
Sustainable Waste Management Practices and recommendations made
by port authorities for Future Improvement.
1-10-Findings and Conclusions
• Chap 2 - Review of Literature.
Lit.
2.1 - Introduction of Review of Literature. 2.2 -
National Review of Lit. 2.3- International Review of
2.4 - Findings & conclusions. chap
-
3-
striking point of sa topic.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2- Origin | Historical back ground.
3.3 - Data analysis. (result)
3:44 - Findings & conclusions.
-
chap-4- lecond striking point
4.1
4.2
-Introduction.
Data analysis / Body of striking pt.
4.3 - Legislative Gaps.
4.4-
D
chap-5
5.1.
Findings & conclusions
conclusion.
Introduction.
5.2- Summary of all chaps
5.3
5.4-
5.S-
5.6-
Reference
Testing of hypothesis
Limitation of the
The study
Recommendation (min. 4 & Max-10)
Final conclusion.
