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gcBIOMASS GREENHOUSE CROP BIOMASS

THE SUSTAINANABLE AND FULL ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

In Southeastern Spain, Morgan AQUA manages 1,086,261 t

year -1 (fresh weight) up to 2,5 million t year of greenhouse crops Wastes (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis sativus L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Phaseoulus vulgarisL., Capsicum annuum L., Citrillus vulgaris Schrad. and Cucumis melo L.). This document shows gcBIOMASS (Vegetable Greenhouse Waste) characterization. Reader must consider figures are the minimum gcBIOMASS managed by Morgan AQUA.

Morgan AQUA is the only company that has developed a proprietary technology to fit out the
greenhouse crop wastes into an homogeneous biomass, able to be provided on large scale basis to the big biomass consumers.

Economic viability of the greenhouse crop wastes like

Biomass is possible thanks to the Morgan AQUAs environmental technologies know-how; NO other company was capable to perform it. Korean, French, Spanish, German and some other environmental expertise tech developers were trying to find out a right model for this biomass on the last 30 years with no results.

All the analyses in this work involve the use of worldwide recognized standards and methods and
all variables were performed in quintuplicate for each species (more than the required by the standards). The total potential energy for the gcBIOMASS, was determined by direct analysis using International Standards. Readers must take into account that the provided figures are MINIMUM results obtained, it means that could be bigger/better at any case. gcBIOMASS has not the higher values of HHV, but is a continued and safe source of biomass feedstock; stocks and provision are fully granted month by month, year by year.

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CROP RESIDUE
AVERAGE VALUES OF PROXIMATE AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, AND HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV) HHV
(HIGHER HEATING VALUE)

CHLORIDE (Cl) 0,007 0,04 0,17 0,15/0,45 0,003

SULPHUR (S)

ASH CONTENT

HUMIDITY <8 ----20% ---

gcBIOMASS CEREAL A CEREAL B WOODCHIPS PELLETS STRAW PELLETS

KWh/Kg 4,7 4,2 4,8 4,0 3,6/4,0

kcal/Kg 4.073 3.614 4.130 3.442 3.097/3.441

Percentage (%DRY WEIGHT ) 0,001% 3,20 --2 --3 --0,2/0,5 -----

ASH METAL, CHLORIDE AND SULPHUR SPECIES (mg/kg)

ASH % (DRY WEIGHT) 3,42 3,50 2,65 3,04 2,88 3,56 3,08 3,21
3,20

Al 0,23 0,18 0,28 0,26 0,18 0,15 0,24 0,21 0,22

Ca 10,5 11,4 30,4 20,7 11,7 31,4 22,1 31,6 23

Cu 0,31 0,36 0,95 0,63 0,32 0,96 0,65 0,88 0,7

Fe 0,02 0,03 0,08 0,05 0,03 0,08 0,05 0,07 0,1

K 53 62 163 108 55 165 111 151 116

Mg 13 15 39 26 13 40 27 37 28

Mn 0,17 0,20 0,52 0,35 0,18 0,53 0,36 0,48 0,37

Mo 0,003 0,003 0,009 0,006 0,003 0,009 0,006 0,008 0,01

Na 5 6 14 41 5 13 9 37 26

P 8 10 26 17 9 26 18 24 18

S 4,7 5,6 14,6 9,7 5,0 14,8 10,0 13,6 10,4

Cl 31,4 37,0 96,8 64,0 32,9 98,2 66,2 89,9 68,8

CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon)

BALANCED AVERAGE

HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV)

BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT
CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) CAPSICUM ANNUM L..(pepper) CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon)

AFTER MAQ TREATMENT

KWh/Kg 3,57 3,50 4,59 4,12 4,73 4,24 3,96 3,75

kcal/Kg 3.069,65 3.009,46 3.946,69 3.542,56 4.067,07 3.645,74 3.404,99 3.224,42

KWh/Kg
4,14 4,05 5,46 4,85 5,74 5,01 4,64 4,37 4,70

Kcal/Kg
3.559,76 3.482,37 4.694,75 4.170,25 4.935,51 4.307,82 3.989,68 3.757,52 4.073,01

BALANCED AVERAGE

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MINIMUM CROP RESIDUE BIOMASS PRODUCED

STUDIED SPECIES
CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. (pepper) SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon)

PLANT REMAINS
(T Ha. Year)

AREA OCCUPIED
(ha)

MINIMUM AVAILABLE BIOMASS

(TONES YEAR) FRESH WEIGHT

MINIMUM AVAILABLE BIOMASS

(TONES YEAR) DRY WEIGHT

20 24 27 49 23 28 24

4.492 4.551 1.622 10.250 1.259 7.057 4.775

89.840 109,224 43.794 502.250 28.957 197.596 114.600 164,373 1.086.261

17.968 21.844,8 8.758,8 100.450 5.791,4 39.519,2 22.920 32.874,6 250.126,8

33 4,981 TOTAL 228 38.987* * Total area occupied that could be managed up to 46.900 ha

BIOMASS ANALYSIS METHODS

PROPERTY ANALYTICAL METHOD

PROXIMATE ANALISYS MOISTURE CONTENT UNE-CEN/TS 14780:2008 EX; UNE-CEN/TS 14774-1:2007 EX ASH UNE-CEN/TS 14775:2007 EX ELEMENTAL ANALISYS SULPHUR (S) ASTM D4239-08 CHLORINE (Cl) ASTM E776-87 HIGHER HEATING VALUE (via direct analysis). UNE 164001:2005 EX ASH ELEMENTAL METALS UNE-CEN/TS 14775 EX ASH FUSIBILITY ASTM D1857-04 (Oxidising Atmosphere)

ASH FUSIBILITY OF THE STUDIED SPECIES

SPECIES Cucurbita pepo L. Cucumis sativus L. Solanum melongena L. Solanum lycopersicum L. Phaseoulus vulgaris L. Capsicum annuum L. Citrillus vulgaris Schrad. Cucumis melo L. SPECIES FUSIBILITY IT (C) 1.546,00 993,00 1.650,00 994,00 1.353,00 993,00 NO DATA NO DATA ST (C) 1.553,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 NO DATA NO DATA HT (C) 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 NO DATA NO DATA FT (C) 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 NO DATA NO DATA

IT: deformation temperature; ST: softening temperature; HT: hemisphere temperature; FT: fluidity temperature.

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POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE STUDIED GREENHOUSE WASTES

BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT Biomass (t year1) Cucurbita pepo L. - CalabacnCucumis sativus L. - Pepino Solanum melongena L. - Berenjena Solanum lycopersicum L.- Tomate Phaseoulus vulgaris L. - Judas Capsicum annuum L. - PimientoCitrillus vulgaris Schrad.- Sanda Cucumis melo L. - Meln TOTAL
17.968,0 21.844,8 8.758,8 100.450,0 5.791,4 39.519,2 22.920,0 32.874,6

HHV (kJ kg1 dry weight)

12.849,37 12.595,82 16.529,71 14.826,78 17.014,23 15.264,44 14.258,58 13.501,26

kWhkg1 dry weight

3,57 3,50 4,59 4,12 4,73 4,24 3,96 3,75

kcal kg-1 dry weight

3.071,07 3.010,47 3.950,70 3.543,69 4.066,50 3.648,29 3.407,88 3.226,88

kJ year1
230.877.480 275.153.169 144.780.424 1.489.350.051 98.536.212 603.238.457 326.806.654 443.848.522

kWh year1
64.133 76.431 40.217 413.708 27.371 167.566 90.780 123.291

kcal year-1
55.181,04 65.763,18 34.603,35 355.963,20 23.550,72 144.177,45 78.108,66 106.082,34

250.126,8

3.612.590.968

1.003.497

863.429.241

HHV: higher heating value.

AFTER MAQ TREATMENT Biomass (t year1)

CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. (pepper) SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon)

HHV (kJ kg1 dry weight) 14.904,00 14.580,00 19.656,00 17.460,00 20.664,00 18.036,00 16.704,00 15.732,00

kWhkg1 dry weight 4,14 4,05 5,46 4,85 5,74 5,01 4,64 4,37

kcal kg-1 dry weight 3.559,76 3.482,37 4.694,75 4.170,25 4.935,51 4.307,82 3.989,68 4.073,01

kJ year1 267.795.072 318.497.184 172.162.973 1.753.857.000 119.673.490 712.768.291 382.855.680 517.183.207 4.244.792.897

kWh year1 74.388 88.471 47.823 487.183 33.243 197.991 106.349 143.662 1.179.109

kcal year-1 63.961.768 76.071.676 41.120.376 418.901.613 28.583.513 170.241.600 91.443.466 133.898.575 1.024.222.586

17.968,0 21.844,8 8.758,8 100.450,0 5.791,4 39.519,2 22.920,0 32.874,6

TOTAL

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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

VGW MANAGED BY MORGAN AQUA - PRODUCTION ANNUAL CALENDAR

FRESH WEIGHT MONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL VGW (%) 19,2 10,5 5 6,4 23,6 18,6 9,3 0,9 0,4 1,2 1,7 3,2 100 VGW (m3) 654.190,66 460.616,21 221.682,73 282.496,89 1.029.793,97 812.546,77 408.481,28 49.640,12 26.333,74 59.083,05 83.215,38 143.110,89 4.231.191,69 VGW (ton) 208.562,11 114.057,41 54.313,05 69.520,70 256.357,60 202.044,55 101.022,27 9.776,35 4.345,04 13.035,13 18.466,44 34.760,35 1.086.261,00 DRY WEIGHT VGW (ton) 48.024,35 26.263,31 12.506,34 16.008,12 59.029,92 46.523,58 23.261,79 2.251,14 1.000,51 3.001,52 4.252,16 8.004,06 250.126,80

VGW: Vegetable Greenhouse Wastes

250.126,80 Ton of gcBIOMASS produced yearly

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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

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