CENTENNIAL YEAR FOR THE WORLD MACHU PICCHU

THEME: AFRICA

COURSE: ENGLISH

TEACHER: ROSY REBAZA

STUDENT: BAUTISTA MENDOZA, ANIBAL A.

Grades: 4th

SECTION: ``E

CHEPN- PERU 2011

AFRICA
It is the second largest continent in the world by population expansion. Bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, west by the Atlantic Ocean, south to the junction of the Atlantic and Indian oceans and east to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. Although it has a total area of 30,272,922 km (621,600 insular mass), which represents 32% of total land, the population of one billion people, less than 15%. The continent is divided into 54 countries, all of them members of the African Union, with the exception of Morocco. HISTORY It is believed that East Africa is the cradle of humanity and from there came the successive species of hominids and apes that gave rise to humans and have been expanding to other continents, including Homo sapiens sapiens for almost than 190,000 years. Most of the population is black African (90%) and the rest is white (10%). Trade in Africa experienced its first boom in the first century C. with the rise of the Roman Empire. Above all, it was trading in gold, slaves, ivory and exotic animals for circuses in Rome in luxury goods trade with Rome. From the seventh century the Arabs invaded North Africa. The caravan trade and Islamic expansion fuel the establishment of new relations between the "two Africas". The total colonial partition of Africa by European powers, started wildly from the seventeenth century took place in approximately 1885 Although there were 4 independent countries in Africa (Liberia in 1847, South Africa in 1910, Egypt in 1922 and Ethiopia in 1941) Libya becomes the first African colony to achieve independence in 1951, to be followed by that of Ghana in 1957. COUNTRIES africa is comprised of 54 independent countries:

GEOGRAPHY For the most part, Africa is a huge and ancient continental shelf solid and compact, high between 600 and 800 m, crossed by large rivers and small in peninsulas. Noted for its high altitude landscape and regular media; Africa is the continent with the highest annual sunshine, which could have given rise to its name (African, Latin "without cold"). The soil is exceptionally rich in minerals and very suitable for pasture where tsetse flies do not grow. The main cultivated areas are located in the eastern highlands and the Great Lakes area, some deltas and shores and even elSahel. Sahara Desert The Sahara is the world's largest desert, located in northern Africa, it extends 1610 km. on the continent and has a width of 5,150 km. from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Its total area is more than 9 million square kilometers, of which only 207,200 are partially fertile oases. As a former colonies, most African countries have close economic relations with the European Union (EU). Over 50% of the population or 350 million people live on less than a dollar a day. Africa pays about $ 20 000 million in debt payments every year, even though the debt alleviation 90.por years which means that it is a poor continent RESOURCES During the European colonial regime exploited the products easier and more profitable to extract, such as gold, ivory, wood and fiber. After the emancipation of the colonies became more coveted oil, diamonds and mining in general, but these products are mentioned in few countries. The lack of good technology and efficient means of communication hinders the exploitation of raw materials. 60% of African workers dealing with rural activities, and 80% of what Africa exports are raw materials, being in turn industrialized products that represent almost all of its imports. Only 15% are employed in industry, being Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia and Morocco which have almost all of the activity. The result is that Africa is the world's poorest continent: its GDP represents only 2.6% of the world. Foreign aid reaches fifty million dollars each year, and in the last 60 years this aid has been at least one billion. Food aid to purchase food grown in the United States bankrupt local farmers. It has done little to help farmers and spend millions of dollars in the program. DEMOGRAPHICS The population estimates are not precise due to the obsolescence of many national censuses. It is estimated however that live in Africa no less than 800 million people. In predominantly black Africa, about 80% of the total population, except for the coastal strip. Most Africans maintains a rural lifestyle, but urbanization increases as people leave the countryside to seek work in the cities. The population varies by sex on the continent, sub-Saharan Africa known as the predominantly black female persons, except in countries like Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Djibouti Somaliay, among others. In contrast, in most North African countries is dominated by male persons, except Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania and Chad.Esto finished size with overcrowding, there is less poverty and disease. RELIGION Most of the traditional African religions professed continent, included within the group known as animism vague. This means you believe that spirits inhabit animate or inanimate objects. These animations often persists under the guise of universalist religions such as Islam or Christianity.

There are also believers of Rastafarianism. LANGUAGES In Africa, given the linguistic groups of mankind's oldest, is the birthplace of two of the branches that have given rise to major variations: African Languages and the group of the Niger-Congo. A remarkable feature is the "click languages" of kung own, which are suspected of being the main trunk from which they originate all languages spoken in the world.