LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM1
Submitted by:
AVENIDO, CIARA MAE, C.
STEM 12 – Faraday
Submitted to:
MS. MARIEL A. BRAVANTE
I. INTRODUCTION
1
A laboratory report in partial fulfilment of the requirements in General Chemistry 2.
Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the
rate of the backward reaction. In other words, there is no net change in the
concentrations of reactants and products. This type of equilibrium is also known as
dynamic equilibrium. The isolated system achieves a condition of equilibrium when
the entropy reaches its maximum.
The scientific method abilities were examined in this experiment by measuring the
ability of camote tops to extract an acid-base indicator. Reversible reactions are ones
in which the entire amount of reactants is not transformed into products. And
irreversible reactions are those in which the entire amount of reactants are
transformed into products. The objectives of the experiment are to describe reversible
reactions and to provide examples of both reversible and irreversible processes.
II. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE
Before the experiment, we separated and washed 50-70 red camote leaves from their
stems and boiled 1L of distilled water in a pot. After boiling for 7 minutes, we
removed the leaves, cooled the extract, and transferred it to a clean container.
Following that, we squeezed fresh calamansi into a container and separated all of the
seeds. We measured 30mL of calamansi extract and poured it into a beaker, followed
by 100mL of distilled water, which we mixed with the calamansi extract. After that,
we measured 10g or 12 tbps of powdered detergent and placed it in a beaker, followed
by 100mL of distilled water, which we mixed with the powdered detergent in the
beaker and stirred the solution.
Next, we measured and poured 50mL of the indicator (red camote top extract) into an
Erlenmeyer flask, noticed the original color of the indicator, and noted it on the data
table. Then, we measured 20 mL of the acid (calamansi solution) and poured it into
the flask with the indicator, observing color changes and recording them on the data
table. Then, we measured 20mL of the base (detergent solution) and poured it into the
flask with the indicator, observing color changes and recording them on the data table,
and then repeating the process and recording it.
Figure 1. Measurements of Substances Figure 2. Pouring the Solution
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After mixing
them together, colors of
the two mixtures have
changed. The color of
the
ammonia water
remained as camote
tops extract was mixed
with it. It
means that, the
ammonia water is an
example of a liquid base
and there
will be no reactions if it
will be mixed with
another liquid base.
However,
colors have changed
with the mixture of the
calamansi fruits extract
and
camote tops extract.
In that case, the
calamansi fruits
extract is an
example of an acid due
to its reaction with the
camote tops extract.
The
color of the calamansi
fruits extract
overpowered the color
of the camote
tops extract as the
green color of it faded.
Therefore, the ammonia
water
is a base type of liquid,
and the calamansi is an
acidic type of liquid.
The colors of the two mixtures change when they both mix together. When camote
tops extract is add to the detergent solution, the color change to brown and light
brown, the error in the experiment is that there is not enough detergent powder in the
combination, hence the outcome is different from its output that supposes to be green,
blue or purple. It signifies that the detergent solution is an example of a base and that
detergents are often basic in nature. The extracts of calamansi fruits and camote tops
also change colors and turn pink and orange.
In this case, the calamansi fruits extract is an example of an acid as a result of its
combination with the camote tops extract. As the purple color of the camote tops
extract fades, the color of the calamansi fruits extract overcame it. As a result, the
detergent solution is a base liquid, but the calamansi is an acidic liquid. The colors
were choose according to the color ranges that camote tops extract produces when it
blends with a substance. The intense yellow implies that the calamansi solution is
acidic, whereas the pale brown indicates that the detergent solution is basic.
According to Penn State Behrend School of Science, a weak acid indicator is almost
totally in the HIn form at low pH, the color of which predominates. As the pH rises,
the intensity of the hue of H diminishes, and the equilibrium shifts to the right. As a
result, the intensity of the color In- rises. An indicator is most effective when the color
shift is noticeable and occurs over a narrow pH range. For the majority of indicators,
the range is within 1 of the pKln value. In titration solutions, indicators are employed
to mark the conclusion of the acid-base reaction. A universal indicator is a
combination of indicators that shows a gradual shift in color over a wide pH range.
IV. CONCLUSION
This report addresses the experiment, the purpose of which is to define reversible
reactions and provide examples of both reversible and irreversible processes. The
primary goal of this study is to employ the scientific approach. Because the
experiment yielded positive findings, the students will be able to use the scientific
process. The students will be able to solve the issue. The group concludes that when
the acid is put into the indicator or the camote top extract, it converts to colors ranging
from light pink to purple. And when the indicator is put to the base, the hues
change to brown and light brown.
V. REFERENCES
https://www.vedantu.com/content-files-downloadable/iit-jee/jee-main-equilibrium-
revision-notes.pdf
Vannesa H. (2023). Principles of Chemical Equilibrium.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbo
ok_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/
Equilibria/Chemical_Equilibria/Principles_of_Chemical_Equilibria/
Principles_of_Chemical_Equilibrium#:~:text=Chemical%20equilibrium%20is%20a
%20state,is%20also%20called%20dynamic%20equilibrium.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbo
ok_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/
Equilibria/Chemical_Equilibria/Principles_of_Chemical_Equilibria/
Principles_of_Chemical_Equilibrium#:~:text=Chemical%20equilibrium%20is%20a
%20state,is%20also%20called%20dynamic%20equilibrium.
PennState (2023). Chemistry. https://bulletins.psu.edu/university-course-
descriptions/undergraduate/chem/
