GEOMETRY: THEOREMS AND
POSTULATES
POSTULATES
Postulate 1: A line contains at least two points.
Postulate 2: A plane contains at least three noncollinear points.
Postulate 3: Through any two points, there is exactly one line.
Postulate 4: Through any three noncollinear points, there is exactly one
plane.
Postulate 5: If two points lie in a plane, then the line joining them lies in
that plane.
Postulate 6: If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line.
Postulate 7 (Ruler Postulate): Each point on a line can be paired with
exactly one real number called its coordinate. The distance between two
points is the positive difference of their coordinates.
Postulate 8 (Segment Addition Postulate): If B lies between A and C on a
line, then AB + BC = AC (Figure 4).
Postulate 11 (Parallel Postulate): If two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the corresponding angles are equal.
Postulate 12: If two lines and a transversal form equal corresponding
angles, then the lines are parallel.
Postulate 13 (SSS Postulate): If each side of one triangle is congruent to
the corresponding side of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
Postulate 14 (SAS Postulate): If two sides and the angle between them in
one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts in another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
Postulate 15 (ASA Postulate): If two angles and the side between them in
one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts in another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
Postulate 16 (HL Postulate): If the hypotenuse and leg of one right triangle
are congruent to the corresponding parts of another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
GEOMETRY: THEOREMS AND
POSTULATES
THEOREMS
Theorem 1: If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point.
Theorem 2: If a point lies outside a line, then exactly one plane contains
both the line and the point.
Theorem 3: If two lines intersect, then exactly one plane contains both
lines.
Theorem 4: A line segment has exactly one midpoint.
Theorem 13: If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then alternate
interior angles are equal.
Theorem 14: If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then alternate
exterior angles are equal.
Theorem 15: If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then
consecutive interior angles are supplementary.
Theorem 16: If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then
consecutive exterior angles are supplementary.
Theorem 17: If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then every pair
of angles formed are either equal or supplementary.
Theorem 18: If a transversal is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines,
then it is also perpendicular to the other line.
Theorem 19: If two lines and a transversal form equal alternate interior
angles, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 20: If two lines and a transversal form equal alternate exterior
angles, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 21: If two lines and a transversal form consecutive interior
angles that are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 22: If two lines and a transversal form consecutive exterior
angles that are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 23: In a plane, if two lines are parallel to a third line, the two
lines are parallel to each other.
Theorem 24: In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line,
then the two lines are parallel
Theorem 25: The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is 180°.
GEOMETRY: THEOREMS AND
POSTULATES
Theorem 26: An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the
two remote (nonadjacent) interior angles.
Theorem 27: Each angle of an equiangular triangle has a measure of 60°.
Theorem 28 (AAS Theorem): If two angles and a side not between them in
one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts in another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent
Theorem 29 (HA Theorem): If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one
right triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another right
triangle, then the triangles are congruent
Theorem 30 (LL Theorem): If the legs of one right triangle are congruent
to the corresponding parts of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent
Theorem 31 (LA Theorem): If one leg and an acute angle of one right
triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another right triangle,
then the triangles are congruent
Theorem 32: If two sides of a triangle are equal, then the angles opposite
those sides are also equal.
Theorem 33: If a triangle is equilateral, then it is also equiangular.
Theorem 34: If two angles of a triangle are equal, then the sides opposite
these angles are also equal.
Theorem 35: If a triangle is equiangular, then it is also equilateral.
Theorem 36: If two sides of a triangle are unequal, then the measures of
the angles opposite these sides are unequal, and the greater angle is
opposite the greater side.
Theorem 37: If two angles of a triangle are unequal, then the measures of
the sides opposite these angles are also unequal, and the longer side is
opposite the greater angle.
Theorem 38 (Triangle Inequality Theorem): The sum of the lengths of any
two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
Theorem 39: If a convex polygon has n sides, then its interior angle sum is
given by the following equation: S = ( n −2) × 180°.
Theorem 40: If a polygon is convex, then the sum of the degree measures
of the exterior angles, one at each vertex, is 360°.
Theorem 41: A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent
triangles.
GEOMETRY: THEOREMS AND
POSTULATES
Theorem 42: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
Theorem 43: Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
Theorem 44: Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
Theorem 45: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Theorem 46: If both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal,
then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 47: If both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are equal,
then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 48: If all pairs of consecutive angles of a quadrilateral are
supplementary, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 49: If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is both equal
and parallel, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 50: If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is
a parallelogram.
Theorem 51: The diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
Theorem 52: The diagonals of a rhombus bisect opposite angles.
Theorem 53: The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to one
another.
Theorem 53: Base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.
Theorem 54: Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.
Theorem 55: The median of any trapezoid has two properties: (1) It is
parallel to both bases. (2) Its length equals half the sum of the base
lengths.
Theorem 56 (Midpoint Theorem): The segment joining the midpoints of
two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half as long as the
third side.
