Trigonometry Formula Sheet:

Arc Length:
𝑠 = 𝜃𝑟 𝜃 → 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

Area of a Sector:
1 2
𝐴= 𝜃𝑟 𝜃 → 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
2

𝜃
𝐴= ( ) 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜃 → 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
360°

Six Trig Functions: (SOH CAH TOA)

𝑜𝑝𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝

𝑎𝑑𝑗 ℎ𝑦𝑝
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝

Graphing Trig Functions:

𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐵𝑥 + 𝑐 ) + 𝐷

max − 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2𝜋
Amplitude: |𝐴| = Period: 𝑃 =
2 𝐵

max + 𝑚𝑖𝑛 −𝐶
Vertical Shift: 𝐷 = Phase Shift: 𝑥 =
2 𝐵

Law of Sines:
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
= =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

Law of Cosines:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶

Law of Tangents:

𝑎 − 𝑏 tan[1⁄2 (𝐴 − 𝐵)]
=
𝑎 + 𝑏 tan[1⁄2 (𝐴 + 𝐵)]
Reciprocal Identities: Quotient Identities: Pythagorean Identities:

1 sin 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
1 cos 𝜃
csc 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
1
sec 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃

Even-Odd Identities: Co-function Identities: Power Reducing Formulas:

sin(−𝜃) = − sin 𝜃 cos(90° − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃 1 − cos 2𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 =
cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃 sin(90° − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃 2
tan(−𝜃) = − tan 𝜃 tan(90° − 𝜃) = cot 𝜃
csc(−𝜃) = − csc 𝜃 cot(90° − 𝜃) = tan 𝜃 1 + cos 2𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
sec(−𝜃) = sec 𝜃 sec(90° − 𝜃) = csc 𝜃 2
cot(−𝜃) = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 csc(90° − 𝜃) = sec 𝜃
1 − cos 2𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 =
1 + cos 2𝜃

Double Angle Formulas: Half-Angle Formulas: Triple Angle Formulas:

sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃
sin 3𝜃 = 3 sin 𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = ±√
2 tan 𝜃 2 2
sin 2𝜃 =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
__________________________ ____________________________ cos 3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝜃 1 + cos 𝜃
cos ( ) = ±√
2 2 3 tan 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 − 1 tan 3𝜃 =
1 − 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
tan ( ) = =
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 2 2 1 + cos 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
__________________________
2 tan 𝜃
tan 2𝜃 = 𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 tan ( ) = ±√
2 1 + cos 𝜃
Sum and Difference Identities: Polar Equations:

sin(𝛼 ± 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 ± cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃

cos(𝛼 ± 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 ∓ sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

tan 𝛼 ± tan 𝛽 𝑦
tan(𝛼 ± 𝛽) = 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1 ∓ tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 𝑥

Sum-to-Product Formulas: Product-to-Sum Formulas:

𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 1
sin 𝛼 + sin 𝛽 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 = [cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) − cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)]
2 2 2

𝛼−𝛽 𝛼+𝛽 1
sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 = [cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) + cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)]
2 2 2

𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( ) sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 = [sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin (𝛼 − 𝛽)]
2 2 2

𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 1
cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽 = −2 sin ( ) sin ( ) cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 = [sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) − sin (𝛼 − 𝛽)]
2 2 2

Area of a Triangle:

1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶
2

Heron’s Formula:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

1
𝑠 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2
 Common Trigonometric Values:
Degrees: Radians: 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽
𝟎° 𝟎 0 1 Undefined 1 0 Undefined

𝟑𝟎° 𝝅 1 2
√3 2 √3 √3 √3
𝟔 2 2 3 3

𝟒𝟓° 𝝅 √2 √2 √2 √2 1 1
𝟒 2 2

𝟔𝟎° 𝝅 1 2
√3 2 √3 √3 √3
𝟑 2 2 3 3

𝟗𝟎° 𝝅 1 0 1 Undefined Undefined 0

𝟐

𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝝅 0 −1 Undefined −1 0 Undefined

𝟐𝟕𝟎° 𝟑𝝅 −1 0 −1 Undefined Undefined 0

𝟐

𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝟐𝝅 0 1 Undefined 1 0 Undefined

 Common Inverse Trigonometric Values:
𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝒙) 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒙)

𝑁/𝐴 𝑁/𝐴 𝜋
−√𝟑 −60° = −
3
−𝟏 𝜋 180° = 𝜋 𝜋
−90° = − −45° = −
2 4
𝜋 5𝜋
√𝟑 −60° = − 150° =
− 3 6
𝟐
𝜋 3𝜋
√𝟐 −45° = − 135° =
− 4 4
𝟐
𝜋
√𝟑 −30° = −
− 6
𝟑

𝟏 𝜋 2𝜋
− −30° = − 120° =
𝟐 6 3

𝟎 0° 𝜋 0°
90° =
2
𝟏 𝜋 𝜋
30° = 60° =
𝟐 6 3

𝜋
√𝟑 30° =
𝟑 6

𝜋 𝜋
√𝟐 45° = 45° =
𝟐 4 4

𝜋 𝜋
√𝟑 60° = 30° =
𝟐 3 6

𝟏 𝜋 0° 𝜋
90° = 45° =
2 4
𝑁/𝐴 𝑁/𝐴 𝜋
√𝟑 60° =
3