Chng I:

SURFACE TOOLPATHS
Surface Toolpaths la cac chu trnh dung e tao ra cac ng chay dao theo be mat. Cac be mat c s dung e tao cac ng chay dao co the la be mat n hay cac be mat a. I. THONG SO CHUNG CUA CAC CHU TRNH SURFACE: Tat ca cac chu trnh Surface eu s dung cac thong so chung sau ay (cac thong so nay nam trang Surface parameters trong hop thoai cua cac chu trnh surface): 1. Gia tr tuyet oi (Absolute) va tng oi (Incremental): Hau het cac thong so Clearance (mat phang an toan), Retract (mat phang lui dao), Feed plane (mat phang cat got), Top of stock (mat tren cua phoi) va Depth (chieu sau cat) eu co the c nhap bang gia tr tng oi hoac tuyet oi.

* Absolute: Gia tr tuyet oi luon c tnh t goc toa o (0,0,0). Neu ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc e tao cac ng chay dao th cac ng chay dao nay se o sau tuyet oi, bat ke oi tng hnh hoc ta chon o cao nao. * Increamental: Khi ta nhap gia tr tng oi th Depth va Top of Stock se lien quan en v tr cua oi tng hnh hoc con Clearance, Retract va Feed plane se phu thuoc vao

Top of Stock. Neu ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc e tao cac ng chay dao th cac ng chay dao nay se o sau cua oi tng hnh hoc ta chon. Ghi chu: Trong cac chu trnh Multiaxis th Clearance, Retract va Feed plane c t ong gia tr tng oi. 2. Tap tin Regen: Tap tin Regen c s dung e tang toc khi cap nhat thong so cho cac chu trnh Surface phc tap. Ta co the at lai ten va ng dan cho tap tin Regen lien quan en moi chu trnh Surface. - Trc tien ta chon nut Regen trang Surface parameters cua bat ky chu trnh Surface nao. - Nhap ten va ch ng dan e lu tap tin Regen cho chu trnh Surface. - Chon OK. 3. Thiet lap cac ng vao (plunge), ra (retract) dao: Hop thoai Direction cho ta cac tuy chon e tao cac ng vao, ra dao cho cac chu trnh Surface. Thong so Plunge cho phep ta thiet lap chuyen ong vao dao con thong so Retract cho phep ta thiet lap chuyen ong ra dao. - trang Surface parameters cua bat ky chu trnh Surface nao anh dau chon va click vao nut Direction. - Thiet lap cac gia tr:

Ghi chu: - Ta co the chon nut Vector e nhap gia tr theo 3 phng X,Y,Z. - Ta cung co the chon nut Line e tr ve man hnh o hoa chon ng thang cho chuye ong vao hoac ra dao.

4. ng bien gii han vung chay dao (tool containtment boundaries): ng gii han vung chay dao la mot chuoi ( line, arc) kn, dung e gii han vung gia cong trong mot chu trnh. S dung ng gii han vung chay dao e am bao rang dao cat trong mot vung nhat nh. ng gii han vung chay dao nay co the nam bat ky o cao Z nao so vi chi tiet.

V du:

5. Drive va Check surfaces: Drive Surfaces la nhng vung c gia cong tren chi tiet. Check Surfaces bao ve nhng vung tren chi tiet t s chuyen ong cua dung cu cat. e tao mot chu trnh surface th ta phai chon t nhat mot Drive surface. Trong khi o th Check surfaces khong nhat thiet phai c chon, chung ch gii han chuyen ong cua dung cu cat, am mot chng trnh chnh xac hn. V du:

Trong hnh v du tren, 3 mat phang tao nen mot mat ay va 2 vach. Mat ay c chon lam Drive surface (vung c gia cong) con 2 mat kia c chon lam Check surface. Khi o, dung cu cat se cat doc theo be mat ay va tranh cat vao 2 mat vach. 6. Loc chu trnh (Filtering toolpaths): Khi ta loc mot chu trnh, MasterCAM se thay the nhng ng chay dao trong mot dung sai nhat nh thanh nhng chuyen ong thang.

Ta cung co the thay the nhng chuyen ong thang thanh nhng chuyen ong theo cung tron vi ban knh trong gii han t nho nhat en ln nhat ( do ta thiet lap). * Phng phap chonFilter toolpaths: - Click phai tren hop thoai Operation Manager va chon Option/Filter e loc nhng chu trnh c chon trong tap tin *.MC9 hien hanh.

- Chon Main menu/NC utils e loc bat c tap tin NCI nao. Phng phap nay se tao ra tap tin ASCII NCI. * Thay the nhng chuyen ong thang thanh chuyen ong theo cung tron: Khi ta loc chu trnh theo phng phap nay, ta phai ch ra ban knh cua cung tron ln nhat hoac nho nhat co the. Tuy thuoc vao hnh dang hnh hoc va dung sai cac cung tron c tao ra co ban knh ln se lam cho chu trnh ngan gon hn, trong khi o cung tron c tao ra co ban knh ln se lam cho chu trnh phc tap hn.

II. CAC CHU TRNH PHAY THO (SURFACE ROUGH TOOLPATHS): Cac chu trnh phay tho se boc mot lng ln vat lieu khoi be mat chi tiet trong thi gian ngan ma khong can o chnh xac cao. 1. Parallel rough toolpaths: ay la chu trnh thng c s dung e pha tho cac be mat loi (boss) hoac lom (cavity) n gian. Cac ng chay dao c tao ra se song song nhau vi Z la truc th 3 c ieu khien oc lap * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh rough parallel: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Parallel. - Chon dang chi tiet loi (boss), lom (cavity) hoac khong xac nh (unspecified) t Part shape menu. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK. - Chon cac ng gii han vung chay dao (neu co) va chon Done. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh rough parallel t hop thoai Operation Manager: - Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Parallel:

* Total tolerance: Total tolerance ch co chu trnh Surface, no ket hp gia Arc filter tolerance va Cut tolerance t MasterCAM V8. Khi thiet lap thong so ve dung sai ta ch can nhap vao dung sai tong (Total tolerance) va ieu chnh t le gia Filter tolerance va Cut tolerance (Filter ratio).

V du: khi Filter tolerance la 0.02 va Cut tolerance la 0.01 th MasterCAM se s dung +/-0.03 la dung sai cua chu trnh.

* Maximum Stepdown: Max.Stepdown thiet lap khoang cach ln nhat gia hai lat cat ke nhau theo phng Z trong chu trnh Surface. V du:

* Maximum Stepover: Max. Stepover thiet lap khoang cach ln nhat gia hai lat cat theo phng XY trong chu trnh surface. Khoang cach nay cang nho th chu trnh cang chnh xac nhng chng trnh cung dai hn va ton nhieu thi gian tnh toan hn. - Approx. scallop height on flat floor: tnh toan khoang dch dao ngang sao cho tao c chieu cao nhap nho (Scallop) ung chieu cao theo yeu cau tren mat phang. n v la mm. - Approx. scallop height at 45 Degrees: tnh toan khoang dch dao ngang sao cho tao c chieu cao nhap nho (Scallop) ung chieu cao theo yeu cau tren mat phang nghieng 45 o.

* Machining angle: Thiet lap hng cat cho chu trnh t 0 en 360 o so vi truc X cua Cplane hien hanh. V du:

* Cutting method: Trong chu trnh phay Parallel ta co the chon mot trong hai kieu chay dao sau: - Cat theo mot pha (one way): theo phng phap nay, sau mot lat cat, dung cu cat se rut len mat phang an toan va lui dao nhanh ve iem au e bat au lat cat tiep theo. Tat ca cac lat cat eu cung pha. - Cat theo hai pha (Zigzag): theo phng phap nay, dung cu cat se di chuyen ti lui doc chi tiet. V du:

* Plunge control: ay la thong so e xac nh cach dao chuyen ong theo phng Z trong chu trnh cat tho. No c s dung e ngan chan dung cu cat chay khong t nhng lat cat trc o. Thong so nay co tac dung oi vi dang chi tiet lom. Ta co the chon e dung cu cat len xuong doc theo chi tiet, dung cu cat ch xuong t mot pha hoac t hai pha.

+ Allow Multiple Plunges Along Cut :ac tnh nay se bao cho he thong cat doc chi tiet.

+ Cut From One Side :ac tnh nay se hng dan he thong cat doc theo mot ben cua chi tiet. Neu thiet lap phng phap cat la Zig-zag th he thong se cat doc theo tng ng cat bat au t moi ben, ieu nay se lam cho ca hai ben eu b cat. Neu thiet lap phng phap cat la Oneway th he thong ch cat mot ben.

+ Cut From Both Side : ac tnh nay se hng dan he thong cat doc theo ca hai ben cua chi tiet. Neu thiet lap phng phap cat la Zig-zag th he thong se cat doc theo tng ng cat bat au t mot ben va chuyen sang cat ben oi dien, neu thiet lap phng phap cat la Oneway th he thong se cat doc theo toan bo mot ben sau o mi chuyen sang cat toan bo ben con lai.

Ghi chu: +Cut From One Side, Cut From Both Side dao ch thay oi chieu sau cat Z mot lan va doc theo chieu dai cat. Ap dung cho be mat loi 1 ao. + Allow Multiple Plunges Along Cut : dao len xuong theo phng Z nhieu lan. Ap dung cho be mat loi nhieu ao. * Cut depths: Phng phap nay xac nh chieu sau toi thieu va toi a (tng oi va tuyet oi) cho cac lat cat doc theo phng Z trong cac chu trnh phay be mat (surface). Cac chieu sau nay co lien quan en nh va ay cua chi tiet.

- Absolute: thiet lap chieu sau nho nhat va ln nhat. Tat ca cac lat cat trong chu trnh se nam gia hai gia tr nay. + Minimum depth: chieu sau nho nhat ma dung cu cat co the vn ti + Maximum depth: chieu sau ln nhat dung cu cat co the xuong

+ Select depths: tr ve man hnh o hoa e chon chieu sau nho nhat va chieu sau ln nhat. - Incremental: at cac lat cat cac o cao tng o so vi be mat chi tiet. MasterCAM se t tnh toan chieu sau toi thieu va chieu sau toi a cho chu trnh. + Adjustment to top cut: thiet lap khoang cach gia chieu sau nho nhat ma MasterCAM tnh toan c va lat cat au tien. Mot so dng se cho ieu chnh xuong va so am se cho ieu chnh len. + Adjustment to other cuts: thiet lap khoang cach gia chieu sau ln nhat ma MasterCAM tnh toan c vacac lat cat trong chu trnh. Mot so dng se cho ieu chnh theo chieu dng (+) va so am se cho ieu chnh theo chieu am (-).

* Gap settings:

Thong so nay ieu khien viec lui dao hay gi nguyen chuyen ong khi co khe h trong chuyen ong chay dao. Khe h co the sinh ra gia hai lat cat, gia Drive va Check surfaces, gia 2 Drive surfaces. V du:

Trong hnh tren, khe h sinh ra gia hai Drive surfaces. Khi khe h nho hn khoang cach thiet lap se co oan dao i xuong va khi khe h ln hn khoang cach thiet lap th dao se lui ve mat phang an toan roi, qua khoi khe h roi xuong dao lai. Chon nut Gap settings e thiet lap cac thong so: - Distance: thiet lap khe h nho nhat gia cac cuyen ong chay dao (ga tr tuyet oi). - % of stepover: khe h nho nhat c xac nh bang gia tr % cua khoang dch dao ngang ln nhat.

* Advanced settings: Thong so nay thiet lap chuyen ong cua dao tren cac canh cua be mat (surface), khoi ran (solid) va s chnh xac (dung sai) cua chuyen ong chay dao tren nhng goc nhon. MasterCAM cung cap 3 phng phap e thiet lap chuyen ong chay dao bo tron tren cac canh trong chu trnh phay be mat (Surface toolpath): - Automatically (base on geometry): thiet lap viec chuyen ong chay dao bo tron tren cac canh phu thuoc vao s co mat hay khong co mat cua ng gii han chay dao (tool containment boundary). Neu ta co nh ngha ng gii han chay dao th dao se bo tron nhng canh gia cac be mat va cac canh ngoai cung cua chi tiet. Neu ta khong nh ngha ng gii han chay dao th dao ch bo tron cac canh gia cac be mat cua chi tiet. - Only between surfaces (solid faces): dao ch bo tron cac canh gia cac be mat cua chi tiet. - Over all edges: dao se bo tron nhng canh gia cac be mat va cac canh ngoai cung cua chi tiet.

Only between surfaces (solid faces)

Over all edges

Sharp corner tolerance: thong so nay thiet lap o chnh xac cua nhng goc gia cac be mat va cua nhng canh ngoai cung cua chi tiet: - Distance: chia chuyen ong bo tron cua dao thanh nhng gia tr c xac nh bang gia tr do ta nhap. Mot dung sai chat (gia tr nhap vao nho hn) se tao thanh nhng goc sac hn vi o tang nhieu hn. Mot dung sai long (gia tr nhap vao ln hn) se tao nhng goc tron hn vi o tang t hn. - % of cut tolerance: chia chuyen ong bo tron cua dao thanh nhng gia tr c xac nh bang gia tr phan tram cua dung dai cat got (cut tolerance). Khi ta thay oi dung sai cat got th khong can thiet lap lai gia tr nay. Mot dung sai ln (so nhap vao nho) se tao ra nhng goc sac hn vi o tang nhieu hn. Mot dung sai nho (gia tr nhap vao ln hn) se tao nhng goc tron hn vi o tang t hn. Skip hidden face test for solid body: nhng mat b che khuat se khong c gia cong trong nhng chu trnh 3 truc. Chon tnh nang nay oi vi chi tet co nhieu be mat, nh vay th thi gian tnh toan se giam lai. Check for internal sharp corner: nhng be mat vi cac dnh ben trong co the dan en ung dao. oi khi viec chuyen d lieu, cac be mat c a vao MasterCAM co the cha cac nh nhon. MasterCAM se thong bao khi no bat gap mot nh nhon va nhac ta nen hieu chnh lai chi tet.

V du cua chu trnh Rough Parallel:

2. Radial rough toolpaths: ay la chu trnh c s dung chu yeu cho nhng chi tiet tron. Cac ng chay dao c sinh ra se xoay quanh mot tam. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh rough Radial: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Radial. - Chon dang chi tiet loi (boss), lom (cavity) hoac khong xac nh (unspecified) t Part shape menu. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK. - Chon cac ng gii han vung chay dao (neu co) va chon Done. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh rough parallel t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Radial:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Max. angle increment: Thet lap goc tang ln nhat gia cac lat cat. Ket qua cua goc tang co the nho hn ga tr thet lap v he thong se chia chu trnh ra theo nhng so nguyen. - Start offset distance: Thet lap khoang cach gia cac ng chay dao so vi tam cua chu trnh Radial (iem tam nay do ta ch ra). - Start angle: Thiet lap goc ma chu trnh bat au.

- Sweep angle: Thet lap goc (0 360) ma chu trnh se quet qua, bat au t Start angle. Neu ta nhap vao so am th he thong se tao cac ng chay dao theo chieu kim ong ho. - Starting point: + Start inside: Bat au chu trnh t tam va cat ve pha ng bien ngoai. + Start outside: Bat au chu trnh t ng bien ngoai va cat ve pha tam cua chu trnh.

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai. V du cua chu trnh Rough Radial:

3. Project rough toolpaths: Chu trnh nay cho phep ta chieu nhng ng thang hoac cong (curves), iem hoac cac file NCI khac len nhng be mat do ta ch ra. Chu trnh nay co the dung e ieu khac, cham tro * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh rough Project: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Project. - Chon dang chi tiet loi (boss), lom (cavity) hoac khong xac nh (unspecified) t Part shape menu. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh rough parallel t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Project:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - NCI: Chieu mot chu trnh len nhng be mat do ta chon. Chu trnh nay phai c tao trong cung mot file vi chu trnh Project. - Curves: Chieu mot hoac mot tap hp ng (curves) len nhng be mat do ta chon. He thong se nhac ta chon Curves sau khi a nhap cac thong so. - Points: Chieu mot hoac mot tap hp em (points) len nhng be mat do ta chon. He thong se nhac ta chon iem sau khi a nhap cac thong so.

- Retract between cuts: Thong so nay khi c chon se cho phep nhac dao len gia cac lat cat. Khi khong c chon th dao se gi nguyen v tr gia cac lat cat. V du: khi chieu ch len mot be mat, thong so nay se cho phep nhac dao len gia cac ch:

+ khi khong chon thong so nay dao se gi nguyen v tr nh hnh:

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai. V du cua chu trnh Rough Project:

4. Flowline rough toolpaths: Chu trnh nay co kha nang quan ly that chnh xac o nhap nho be mat con lai tren chi tiet sau khi gia cong. Chc nang Flowline ch tao c ng chay dao cho mot be mat n xac nh. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh rough Flowline: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Flowline. - Chon dang chi tiet loi (boss), lom (cavity) hoac khong xac nh (unspecified) t Part shape menu. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK. - Chon hng va iem bat au cho chu trnh va chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh rough parallel t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Flowline:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Check flowline motion for gouge: ieu chnh ng chay dao khi sap gap phai mot khe h. Thong so nay se gan cho nhng chuyen ong chay dao ln hn hoac nho hn dung sai cat (cut tolerance). Neu chuyen ong chay dao ln hn khe h th dao se nhac len e tranh khe h. - Stepover control: Ta co the thiet lap gia tr dch dao ngang bang gia tr tuyet oi neu nhap gia tr o vao o Distance. Tuy nhien ta co the nhap vao o cao cua nhap nho be mat

(o Scallop height) sau o MasterCAM se t ong tnh ra gia tr dch dao ngang. Ghi chu: Thong so nay co the thet lap cho chu trnh Flowline 5-axis.

- Cutting method: Trong chu trnh phay Rough Flowline ta co the chon mot trong hai kieu chay dao sau: - Cat theo mot pha (one way): theo phng phap nay, sau mot lat cat, dung cu cat se rut len mat phang an toan va lui dao nhanh ve iem au e bat au lat cat tiep theo. Tat ca cac lat cat eu cung pha. - Cat theo hai pha (Zigzag): theo phng phap nay, dung cu cat se di chuyen ti lui doc chi tiet.

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai. V du cua chu trnh Rough Flowline:

5. Contour rough toolpaths: Chu trnh nay thc hien cac lat cat tai nhng o cao Z khong oi. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh rough Contour: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Contour. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK. - Chon cac ng gii han vung chay dao (neu co) va chon Done. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh rough parallel t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Contour:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Entry/exit arc/line: Thiet lap cac thong so ve ng ra/vao dao. - Allow arc/line outside boundary: cho phep chuyen ong ra/vao dao ngoai ng gii han chay dao e ng chay dao mn hn va chat lng be mat cung tot hn. - Prompt for starting point: He thong se yeu cau ta ch ra mot iem sau khi nhap xong cac thong so cua chu trnh. Cac ng chay dao se bat au gan iem nay nhat va tnh toan lien quan en hng cat e tao ra cac ng chay dao. - Optimize cut order: tai mot toa o Z, he thong se tnh toan va tao ra tat ca ng chay dao co the trc khi thay oi toa o Z (cat t tren xuong). - Order cut bottom to top: chu trnh se bat au cat t di len. - Transition: thong so nay thet lap cac cach chuyen dao gia hai lp cat ke tiep theo phng Z. + High speed: tao ra mot vong chay dao (xoan oc) khi khoang cach gia hai lat cat nho hn gia tr Loop length do ta nhap vao hoac tao ra mot ng Spline ) khi khoang cach gia hai lat cat ln hn gia tr Loop length. + Broken: di chuyen dao len xuong khi khoang cach gia hai lat cat nho hn gia tr trong Gap Setting. + Ramp: di chuyen dao xuong theo mot goc theo phng Z t iem nay ti iem khac khi khoang cach gia hai lat cat nho hn gia tr trong Gap Setting. + Follow surface: di chuyen dao doc theo be mat cua surface khi khoang cach gia hai lat cat nho hn gia tr trong Gap Setting. * Thiet lap ng xoan oc khi vao dao (Helix entry): S vao dao theo ng xoan oc se tao ra chuyen ong xuong dao mt hn.

Hng cua ng xoan oc se c tnh toan cung chieu vi hng cua ng chay dao.

* Them/bt ng chay dao tren mat nghieng (Shallow parameter): MasterCAM cho phep ta them hoac bt cac ng chay dao t nhng mat nghieng (shallow) trong chu trnh Rough contour va finish contour.

- Minimum stepdown: thong so nay xac lap khoang cach nho nhat gia hai lat cat them vao tren mat nghieng cua chi tiet. - Limiting angle: thiet lap goc ma goc nay se nh ngha cac mat nghieng tren chi tet. Gia tr thng dung la 450. MasterCAM se them hoac bt nhng lat cat trong nhng khu vc co gia tr trong day t 00 en 450. - Limiting Stepover: + c s dung nh la khoang cach dch dao ngang ln nhat khi bo i nhng ng chay dao tren mat nghieng. Neu nhng lat cat ke nhau nho hn gia tr Limiting Stepover th mot trong nhng ng chay dao se b bo i. + c s dung nh la khoang cach dch dao ngang nho nhat khi them vao nhng ng chay dao tren mat nghieng. Neu nhng lat cat ke nhau ln hn gia tr Limiting Stepover th se co nhng ng chay dao tao ra them gi nhng ng chay dao ban au. V du:

* Them ng chay dao tren mat phang: MasterCAM a co tuy chon Shallow, tuy nhien thong so nay ch cho phep them ng chay dao tren nhng mat nghieng vi Z thay oi. e tao nhng ng chay dao tren mat phang (cung nh mat nghieng) ta se s dung tuy chon Flats. - Hnh minh hoa di ay se cho thay hieu qua cua viec s dung tuy cho Flat:

+Trong hnh nay, tuy chon Flats tat, ta de dang nhan thay rang vung phang gia chi tiet khong c gia cong.

+Vi tuy chon Flats, MasterCAM se tao ra nhng lat cat phu e hoan tat vung mat phang. * S dung cac ng curve nh la ng gii han tam dao: oi vi nhng chi tet n gian, khi s dung chu trnh Rough Contour va Finish Contour ta co the quan ly chieu sau cat Z bang hang so bang cach s dung ng curve. ay la nhng ng doc theo chi tiet va c chon nh la ng gii han vung chay dao. ng curve nay phai nam trong mat phang vuong goc mat phang Cplane.

V du:

Ta nen tao ng curve trc khi tao chu trnh rough (finish) contour. Chon Contain Y tren menu Surface/solid/CAD hoac chon nut Tool containment tren trang Surface parameter khi ta nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh. Chon ng curve giong nh chon ng gii han vung chay dao (tool containment boundaries). Hnh ve di ay se cho thay s khac biet gia s chon la ng curve nh la ng gii han tam dao:

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

6. Restmill toolpaths: ay la chu trnh phay tho c s dung e thao bolp vat lieu con lai tren phoi cua cac chu trnh trc e lai d tren thong so cua dao tho. Chu trnh Restmill g bo phoi con lai nhng ni ma dao khong the vao c. Hnh di ay la v du cua chu trnh Restmill:

Trc khi dung chu trnh Restmill

Sau khi dung chu trnh Restmill

* Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Restmill: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Restmill. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh. Cac thong so nay se nh ngha phng phap c s dung e tnh toan vat lieu con tha lai t cac chu trnh trc hay t dao tho e lai - Chon Ok. - Chon cac ng gii han vung chay dao (neu co) va chon Done. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Restmill t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Restmill:

* Cac thong so cua chu trnh: MasterCAM cung cap nhieu la chon khac nhau e tnh toan lng vat lieu con lai va toc o x ly cua chu trnh. - All previous operations: tnh toan lng phoi con d lai da tren tat ca cac chu trnh trc o trong hop thoai Operation Manager. Phng phap nay ch ra vung vat lieu con d lai , o dao khong vao cat c. - One other operation: Tnh toan lng phoi con d lai t mot chu trnh . Chu trnh nay c chon t danh sach chu trnh pha bean phai cua trang Restmaterial parameter.

- Roughing tool: Tnh toan lng d con lai da tren ng kinh va ban knh dao. S dung tuy chon nay e tao chu trnh Restmill ma khong can chon chu trnh trc. -> Stock Resolution: Khi ta nhap vao ay mot gia tr nho th he thong se tao ra chu trnh chnh xac hn, mot ga tr nho se lam cho chu trnh nhanh hn tuy nhien no cung kem chnh xac hn.

ln Adjustment to remaining stock: lng phoi c ieu chnh tang hoac giam - Use remaining stock as computed: lng phoi se da tren tinh toan, khong co s ieu chnh. - Adjust remaining stock to ignore small cusps: cho phep gi lai cac g nhap nho (se c bo i nh chu trnh phay tinh). S ieu chnh nay se lam tang toc o x ly cho chu trnh. - Adjust remaining stock to mill small cusps: cat bo tat ca cac g nhap nho tren be mat chi tiet. - Adjustment distance: lng ieu chnh. Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

Ga tr Stock resolution nho

Ga tr Stock resolution

7. Poket rough toolpaths: ay la chu trnh dung e phay cac hoc va nhng be mat lom da tren cac be mat (Surfaces) do ta chon. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Rough poket: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Poket. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK - Chon cac ng gii han vung chay dao (neu co) va chon Done. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Rough poket t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / pocket.

* Cac thong so cua chu trnh: Trang Rough parameters: - Entry_Helix: Thit lp kiu xung dao gia hai lt ct. + Helix: dao s xung theo ng xon c. + Ramp: dao s xung theo ng xin.

- Promp for entry point: sau khi thit lp xong cc thng s ca chu trnh, MasterCAM s tr v mn hnh ho v yu cu ta ch ra mt im vo dao. Dao s xung ti v tr ny khi thay i cao gia hai lt ct. - Plunge outside containment boundary: MasterCAM s cho php ta t im vo dao ngoa ng gii hn vng chy dao. - Align plunge entries for start holes: Thong so nay cho phep thiet lap iem xuong dao tai v tr cua mot chu trnh Pre_Drilled Hole. Hnh minh hoa di ay la v du cua chu trnh Rough Pocket trc va sau khi s dung thong so Align plunge entries for start holes:

Sau khi tao xong chu trnh Rough Poket, s dung chu trnh Start hole (Toolpaths, Next menu, Circ tlpths, Start hole) e tao cac iem khoan tai cac iem xuong dao. MasterCAM se t ong at chu trnh Start hole trc chu trnh Surface Rough Pocket trong hop thoai Operation Manager. Trang Pocket parameters:

- Cutting Method: Chon cac kieu chay dao cho chu trnh (zigzag, parallel spiral. Constant overlap spiral.).

- Overide feed Speed: tuy chon nay cho phep ta tang toc o truc chnh va toc o cat got. Ta se nhap toc o truc chnh va toc o cat ln hn gia tr thiet lap luc cat tho bi v khi cat tinh th be day lp cat nho, dao se cat t vat lieu hn luc cat tho. - Spring passes: oi vi cac chi tiet co thanh mong ta co the them vao mot hoac vai lat cat mong ( Spring passes). Spring passes la nhng lat cat c them vao doc chi tiet nh la nhng lat cat tinh. Spring passes c s dung cho chi tiet co thanh mong, ni ma dao b ay khoi be mat chi tiet t nhng lat cat trc va e sot lai vat lieu. Chon nut Thin wall e nhap chieu sau cat cho lat tinh.

- Thin wall:

Z Finish passes per Rough depth cut: Ta se nhap vao ay t le gia chieu sau cat toi a va chieu sau cat cua mot lat cat tinh. V du khi ta nhap vao ay la 2 va chieu sau cat toi a (Max. Stepdown) la 2mm th he thong se tnh toan ra chieu sau cat cua mot lat cat tinh la 1mm. Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

V du cua chu trnh Rough Pocket:

8. Plunge rough toolpaths: ay la chu trnh gia cong cac be mat mot cach nhanh chong vi cac ng chay dao theo kieu khoan. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Rough poket: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface / Rough / Plunge. - Chon cac be mat can c gia cong. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh roi chon OK Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Rough poket t hop thoai Operation Manager : Click phai / Toolpaths / Surface rough / Plunge.

* Cac thong so cua chu trnh: - Plunge Path: ay la kieu ng chay dao cua chu trnh. Ta co the chon mot trong hai kieu sau + NCI: tao cac ng chay dao theo cac ng chay dao cua mot chu trnh trc o. V du ta tao trc mot chu trnh phay hoc sau o lay cac ng chay dao nay gan cho chu trnh Rough Plunge. Hnh minh hoa di ay la v du cua ng chay dao plunge c lay lai t mot chu trnh trc o:

+ Ghi chu: Khi dung NCI lam Plunge path th nen chong xuat cho chu trnh o (Main menu / Tool paths / Operation / Rightclick / Posting / Off). + Zigzag: tao cac ng chay dao theo kieu chuyen ong ti lui. Hnh minh hoa di ay la v du cua ng chay dao Plunge theo kieu Zigzag:

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai. V du cua chu trnh Rough Plunge:

III. CAC CHU TRNH PHAY TINH (SURFACE FINISH TOOLPATHS): Surface finish toolpaths la nhng chu trnh c dung e tao cac be mat chnh xac. Khi s dung nhng chu trnh nay he thong se tao ra cac ng chay dao theo be mat c chon bang mot lan cat duy nhat ma khong chia chieu sau cat thanh nhieu lan cat. ieu nay co ngha la trc khi s dung cac chu trnh nay can phai co bc gia cong tho trc e tranh tnh trang dung cu cat b gay do phai cat nhng chieu sau qua ln. Ta co the chon chu trnh phay tinh t: Main menu / Toolpaths / Surface Finish hoac co the nhan phm phai t Operation Manager roi chon Toolpaths / Surface Finish. 1. Parallel finish toolpaths: ay la chu trnh phay tinh thng c s dung nhat. Cac ng chay dao c tao ra se song song vi nhau.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Viec thiet lap cac thong so cho ng chay dao tinh th n gian hn nhieu so vi ng chay dao tho. Cac thong so nay eu c e cap trong phan ng chay dao tho (Surface Rough Parallel).

- Depth limits: ch ra gii han chieu sau cat cho tat ca chu trnh phay tinh tr chu trnh Contour Finish. Tat ca cac lat cat se c at trong gii han minimum va maximum depth

V du cua chu trnh Parallel Finish:

2. Parallel Steep finish toolpaths: ay la chu trnh dung e phay cac vung doc cua be mat, thng c s dung sau chu trnh Parallel finish.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh:

- Steep range: chu trnh nay se gia cong nhng be mat tren chi tiet t goc nghieng nho nhat (from slope) en goc nghieng ln nhat (to slope). Thng chon gia tr t 45 en 90 o.

- Include cuts which all out side: tuy chon nay cho phep tao ra cac ng chay dao nam ngoai vung cac be mat c inh nghia t From slope ti To slope angle.

- Cut extension: cho phep tao ng chay dao bat au va ket thuc ngoai be mat cua chi tiet. Thong so nay nham tranh dao cat pham vao chi tiet khi xuong dao.

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

3.Contour finish toolpaths: * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Viec thiet lap cac thong so cho ng chay dao tinh (Contour finish) th tng t ng chay dao tho( Contour rough). Cac thong so nay eu c e cap trong phan ng chay dao tho (Trang 23). 4. Shallow finish toolpaths: ay la chu trnh dung e gia cong cac mat nghieng tren chi tiet, thng c s dung sau chu trnh Finish contour.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh:

oi vi ng chay dao loai nay chung ta can thiet lap gii han phan chay dao bang hai gia tr goc sau : - From Slope Angle : goc bat au cho phan gii han chay dao. - To Slope Angle : goc ket thuc cho phan gii han chay dao. Goc nay c tnh tng oi t gia tr goc bat au. - Cutting method: Trong chu trnh phay Shallow finish ta co the chon mot trong ba kieu chay dao sau: + One way (cat theo mot pha): theo phng phap nay, sau mot lat cat, dung cu cat se rut len mat phang an toan va lui dao nhanh ve iem au e bat au lat cat tiep theo. Tat ca cac lat cat eu cung pha.

+ Zigzag (cat theo hai pha): theo phng phap nay, dung cu cat se di chuyen ti lui doc chi tiet.

+ 3D collapse: kieu chay dao nay c s dung cho chu trnh Shallow finish, Leftover finish, va Scallop finish Toolpaths. Phng phap nay se cat ng bien cua be mat trc sau o tao cac ng chay dao song song ng bien nay va cat vao trong. Gia tr dch dao ngang bang gia tr cua Maximum Stepover.

- Expand inside to outside: tao cac ng chay dao t trong ra ngoai. Ch s dung c khi kieu chay dao la 3D Collapse. Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

5.Flowline finish toolpaths: * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Viec thiet lap cac thong so cho ng chay dao tinh (Flowline finish) th tng t ng chay dao tho( Flowline rough). Cac thong so nay eu c e cap trong phan ng chay dao tho (Trang 21).

6.Scallop finish toolpaths: ay la chu trnh tao ra cac chieu cao nhap nho (scallop heights) phu hp tren he thong cac be mat cua chi tiet. * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh:

- Bias angle: Khi MasterCAM thiet lap cac ng chay dao cho chu trnh Finish Scallop, he thong se quet chi tiet e tao nen li iem lam c s cho chu trnh. Bias angle c ch ra nh la goc ma MasterCAM se quet chi tiet. He thong se quet chi tiet theo hai hng, mot la Bias Angle va hng con lai se vuong goc vi hng nay. Can nhac va thay oi hng quet neu chi tet cua ta cung hng vi li iem. Thay oi hng quet co the tao ra mot giai phap tot hn cho nhng chi tet phc tap. - Hnh minh hoa di ay la mot chu trnh Scallop toolpath cua mot be mat hnh ch nhat vi hng quet la 0 o. Ta co the thay rang cac goc cua moi ng chay dao khong c sac.

- Trong hnh nay th hng quet dc thay oi thanh 45 o, va cac goc a c thay oi sac hn.

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

7.Radial finish toolpaths: * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Viec thiet lap cac thong so cho ng chay dao tinh (Radial finish) th tng t ng chay dao tho( Radial rough). Cac thong so nay eu c e cap trong phan ng chay dao tho (Trang 17).

8.Project finish toolpaths: Chu trnh nay cho phep chieu nhng iem, ng (thang hoac cong) hay nhng chu trnh khac len nhng be mat do ta ch nh. Chu trng nay co the lien ket chat che gia chuyen ong cat va be mat chi tiet, co the dung e ieu khac, cham tro. * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh:

- Blend: Thong so nay cho phep tao ng chay dao tren Drive surface va cac ng chay dao nay se nam trong dien tch c gii han 2 ng Curves. Hnh v du di ay la chu trnh Finish Project vi kieu la Blend. Chu trnh c tao nen bi 2 ng Spline va chieu len Drive Surface la mat phang va mot mat cau:

MasterCAM cung cap 2 phng phap e nh ngha vung gii han cat (blend) tren trang Finish Project Parameter: + Cross: Tao nhng ng chay dao 2D t oi tng nay en oi tng khac, bat au t iem au cua oi tng c chon au tien. + Along: Tao nhng ng chay dao 3D tren mat cong doc theo chieu cua oi tng va bat au t diem au cua oi tng au tien c chon. . 2D: c kch hoat khi Along c chon, cho phep tao cac lat cat vi chieu sau Z la khong oi. ieu nay lam cho cac ng chay dao cach eu tren 2D ( Cplane). . 3D: c kch hoat khi Along c chon, cho phep tao cac lat cat vi chieu sau Z la thay oi. ieu nay lam cho cac ng chay dao cach eu trong 3D, cong them cac ng chay dao tren vach ng. . Khi chon Along se kch hoat nut Blend:

Distance: Thiet lap khoang cach gia nhng chuyen ong chay dao ngang tam thi. Nhng chuyen ong chay dao ngang tam thi nay c s dung e tnh toan va tao ra nhng ng chay dao doc. Thong so nay co the c thay the bang % of Max. Stepover. Quick: Chon oi tng hnh hoc khong bao gom nhng be mat doc hay be mat thang ng. Tuy chon nay se gup giam thi gian can thiet e tao nen chu trnh.

Thorough, to support vertical and steep walls: Chon oi tng hnh hoc bao gom ca nhng be mat doc hay be mat thang ng. Tuy chon nay phai bao am co nhng chuyen ong chay dao thch hp tren nhng be mat o. ng nhien thi gian can thet e tnh toan cung tang len. Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai tng t nh chu trnh Rough Project nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

9. Leftover Finish Toolpath: ay la chu trnh c dung e g bo vat lieu con sot lai do nhng con dao ln hn e lai t nhng chu trnh trc o. No se ieu chnh nhng o cao Z khac nhau khong giong nh chu trnh Resmill toolpaths. * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh:

- Hybrid cutting: phng phap cat nay ket hp gia kieu cat 2D va 3D ni ma nhng lat cat se nam trong goc cat gii han (thng la ni doc nhat). Thong so nay ch c chon khi phng phap cat la One way hoac Zigzag. + Goc cat gii han se nh ngha vung giao gia cac be mat (Hybrid area). Ta co the m rong vung cat got bang cach nhap vao khoang keo dai (Extension distance). + Hnh v du di ay la mot cai nhn can canh cua kieu cat Hybrid.

- Calculate remaining material from roughing tool: MasterCAM se da vao cac thong so sau ay e tnh toan lng vat lieu con d lai: + Roughing tool diameter: ng knh cua dao tho. + Roughing tool corner radius: ban knh nh dao cua dao tho. + Overlap distance: ay la gia tr c cong them vao ban knh nh dao cua dao tho e nh ngha dien tch gia cong ln hn khi con dao tho e lai. Hnh di ay la v du cua Overlap distance:

Ghi chu: cac thong so con lai a c trnh bay t cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

V du cua chu trnh Leftover Finish Toolpaths:

10. Pencil finish toolpaths: Chu trnh nay co the c s dung nh la mot chu trnh tho e g bo vat lieu cac goc do o cac chu trnh theo sau co the gia cong cac mat cong mot cach de dang. Chu trn nay cung co the c s dung nh la mot chu trnh phay tinh, dung e quet sach vat lieu cac goc nho. * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: : cac thong so c ban cua chu eu giong nh cac thong so cac chu trnh trc nen ngi viet khong trnh bay lai.

Chng II:

ADDITIONAL WIREFRAME TOOLPATHS

Additional Wireframe toolpaths la cac chu trnh chay dao theo mot so be mat n ac biet, c tao nen t mot so ng dan (curves) nh: Ruled, Revolved, Swept, Coons, Loft ac iem ln nhat cua cac chu trnh nay la khong can phai dng trc cac be mat (Surfaces) nay ma cac thong so hnh hoc (Geometry) cua chu trnh se c nh ngha trc tiep trong qua trnh tao nen cac ng chay dao. Do o, thi gian tnh toan se ngan hn cung nh dung lng cua chu trnh cung se nho hn. I. RULED TOOLPATHS: ay la chu trnh dung e tao cac ng chay dao theo dang mat ke 3D. Cac ng chay dao se c phoi hp t 2 en 100 ng dan hng e tao nen be mat 3D.

* Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Ruled: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Wireframe / Ruled. - nh ngha (chon) cac ng dan hng e tao nen be mat 3D. - Done. - Thiet lap cac thong so cho chu trnh. - Chon OK.

Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Ruled t hop thoai Operation Manager: - Click phai / Toolpaths / Wireframe / Ruled:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Cutting methods: MasterCAM cung cap cho ta mot so kieu chay dao nh sau: Oneway, Zigzag, Circular va 5-axis Swarf.

+ Ghi chu: phng phap 5-axis Swarf ch s dung c vi he thong 5 truc. - Across cut distance : khoang cach gia 2 ng chay dao lien tiep. - Rapid dept (abs) : toa o tuyet oi mat phang chay dao nhanh. Hanh trnh khong cat got dao se chay nhanh tren mat phang nay e di chuyen t iem cuoi ve iem au cua ng chay dao. (thay ro nhat khi cat theo phng phap Oneway). - Constant Z cutting : chieu sau cat bat bien. Ngha la dung cu cat mot chieu sau co nh cho moi ng

cat. Cac gia tr chieu sau th tng oi so vi mat phang dao (Toolplane) hoac so vi mat phang XY hien hanh neu Toolplane khong c nh ngha. Tham so ranh se c l i khi chc nang nay hoat ong. Chu y : phai thiet lap thong so nay la Off cho he

thong 5 truc. + Intial Z dept : toa o chieu sau ban au. + Final Z dept : toa o chieu sau cuoi cung. + Z step size : khoang cach theo phng Z gia ng chay dao. - Trimming plane : MasterCAM se keo dai (extend) hoac cat bt (trim) cac ng chay dao theo 2 mat phang 1 (Trimming plane 1)

va mat phang 2 (Trimming plane 2). - Gouge Check: Kch hoat chc nang nay he thong se kiem tra cac ranh va gia cong cac ranh nay.

II. REVOLVED TOOLPATHS: ay la chu trnh dung e gia cong cac be mat tron xoay, c nh ngha t cac ng bien va mot truc xoay. Ta co the tao ng chay dao cho be mat loi hoac lom.

Ghi chu: - Phai chon dao cau (ball endmill) cho loai chu trnh nay. - Khi nh ngha be mat tron xoay th truc xoay phai nam song song vi truc X hoac truc Y cua mat phang hien hanh (Cplane). Neu ng thang lam truc xoay khong nam tren Cplane th he thong se chieu no len Cplane. Mat tron xoay c tao ra se xoay quanh ng thang c chieu ra. - oi vi cac be mat nay tuy co the dung chc nang Flowline trong phan Surface e tao ra cac ng chay dao, nhng chng trnh NC tao ra se dai hn va d nhien thi gian gia cong cung se lau hn. Chc nang Revolved Toolpaths se tao ra cac ng chay dao noi suy trong mat phang ZX (G18) hay YZ (G19) v the chng trnh NC se ngan hn va chac chan rang thi gian gia cong cung giam i ang ke. ay cung la iem manh cua chc nang nay. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Revolved: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Wireframe / Revolution. - nh ngha (chon) cac ng vien cua be mat tron xoay. - Done. - Chon mot iem tren truc xoay. - Done. - Thiet lap cac thong so cho chu trnh. - Chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Revolved t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Wireframe / Revolution.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Shape: dang be mat gia cong. + Concave : dang be mat lom. + Convex : dang be mat loi. - Step size: khoang cach gia hai ng chay dao lien tiep. - Rapid between passes: Neu thong so nay c chon th khi di chuyen t ng chay dao nay sang ng chay dao khac dao se lui ve mat phang an toan (Retract plane). - Compensation in computer : s hieu chnh ban knh dao. - Axis: chon truc quay cho cac ng chay dao: +X : noi suy trong YZ (G19). +Y : noi suy trong ZX (G18). + Axis dept : nhap toa o tuyet oi theo truc Z cho truc xoay cua cac ng chay dao.

- Trim toolpaths to : thong so nay thiet lap s cat xen cac ng chay dao. + Nothing : khong cat ng chay dao. + Height : cat ng chay dao theo chieu cao.

+ Width : cat ng chay dao theo chieu rong.

III. SWEPT 2D TOOLPATHS: Swept 2D Toolpaths la mot chu trnh 2 2 D c tao nen t mot ng bien doc va mot ng bien ngang. Hai ng bien nay hp vi nhau tao nen mot chu trnh 2 2 D. Hai ng bien doc va ngang nay co nhng gii han nhat nh: - Cac ng bien c s dung e tao nen chu trnh 2D Swept th khong bao gom ng spline. - ng bien doc e nh ngha chu trnh 2D Swept phai nam song song hoac vuong goc vi mat phang hien hanh. Tuy nhien chu trnh 2D Swept co mot u iem hn chu trnh 3D Swept o la no xuat ra cac cung tron, lam cho chu trnh ngan hn. Hnh di ay la v du cua chu trnh 2D Swept:

IV. SWEPT 3D TOOLPATHS: Chu trnh 3D Swept c nh ngha bang mot trong nhng kieu sau: - Mot ng dan doc va mot ng dan ngang. - Hai ng dan doc va mot ng dan ngang. - Mot ng dan doc va hai ng dan ngang. Cac ng dan nay co the la s ket hp gia cac ng thang, cung tron hay cac ng Spline va cac ng nay co the khong phang. S ket hp cua cac ng dan nay (doc va ngang) se c chia ra thanh tng oan, so oan se phu thuoc vao khoang cach cat got do ngi dung nh ngha. Hnh di ay la v du cua chu trnh 3D Swept:

* Trnh t tao mot chu trnh 3D Swept: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Wireframe / 3D Swept. - nh ngha (chon) cac ng dan hng e tao nen be mat 3D. - Done. - Thiet lap cac thong so cho chu trnh. - Chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh 3D Swept t hop thoai Operation Manager: - Click phai / Toolpaths / Wireframe / 3D Swept: * Cac kieu chay dao cua chu trnh (Cutting methods): MasterCAM cung cap cho ta mot so kieu chay dao nh sau: - One way: theo phng phap nay, sau mot lat cat, dung cu cat se rut len mat phang an toan va lui dao

nhanh ve iem au e bat au lat cat tiep theo. Tat ca cac lat cat eu cung pha.

- Zigzag: theo phng phap nay, dung cu cat se di chuyen ti lui doc chi tiet.

- Circular: kieu cat nay se tao ra cac ng chay dao theo kieu xoan oc. Kieu cat got nay c s dung khi chieu sau cat la khong oi ngha la dao se cat theo tng lat mot. Kieu cat got nay ch c s dung khi ng da doc la kn.

- 5 axis: theo kieu cat got nay th dao se vuong goc be mat chi tiet. Ch s dung cho he thong 5 truc.

V. COONS TOOLPATHS: * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Coons: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Wireframe /Coons. - nh ngha (chon) cac ng dan hng e tao nen be mat 3D. - Done. - Thiet lap cac thong so cho chu trnh. - Chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Coons t hop thoai Operation Manager: - Click phai / Toolpaths / Wireframe / Coons:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: - Along va Across distances: Along cut distance se thiet lap bc tang hng chay dao doc (along), va gan cho ng dan dai nhat. Thong so nay cung thiet lap o sac net cua be mat chi tiet. Across cut distance se thiet lap bc tang hng chay dao ngang (across), va gan cho ng dan dai nhat. He thong se dung thong so nay de tnh bc dch dao ngang cho moi lat cat. Cac be mat co o cong cang ln th nen s dung bc dch dao cang nho, con oi vi cac be mat gan nh phang th nen s dung bc ln hn.

Ghi chu: Bc tang cang nho th chu trnh se tao ra be mat trn lang hn, tuy nhien se mat nhieu thi gian hn e he thong tnh toan phan tch va chu trnh NC cung dai hn. Hnh di ay la v du cua Along va Across distances cua chu trnh Coons:

- Blending: Chu trnh Coons co the s dung nhieu cach ket hp khac nhau gia cac ng dan doc va ng dan ngang e tao nen be mat chi tiet:

VI. LOFT TOOLPATHS: Chu trnh Loft se tao nen ng chay dao cho nhng be mat c tao nen bang cach ket hp gia cac oi tng hay cac thiet dien. Cac oi tng nay co the la iem, ng thang, cung tron hay spline. Cac oi tng hnh hoc nay co the nam bat ky v tr nao trong khong gian. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Loft: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Wireframe /Loft. - nh ngha (chon) cac oi tng hnh hoc e tao nen be mat 3D. - Done. - Thiet lap cac thong so cho chu trnh. - Chon OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Loft t hop thoai Operation Manager: - Click phai / Toolpaths / Wireframe / Loft:

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: cac thong so c ban cua chu eu tng t nh cac thong so cac chu trnh Wireframe trc.

- Along va Across distances:

- Cutting method:

Chng III:

MULTIAXIS TOOLPATHS
I. THONG SO CHUNG CUA CAC CHU TRNH MULTIAXIS: Tat ca cac chu trnh Multiaxis eu s dung cac thong so chung sau ay (cac thong so nay nam trang Multiaxis parameters trong hop thoai cua cac chu trnh Multiaxis):

1. Gia tr tuyet oi (Absolute) va tng oi (Incremental): Hau het cac thong so Clearance (mat phang an toan), Retract (mat phang lui dao), Feed plane (mat phang cat got), Top of stock (mat tren cua phoi) va Depth (chieu sau cat) eu co the c nhap bang gia tr tng oi hoac tuyet oi. * Absolute: Gia tr tuyet oi luon c tnh t goc toa o (0,0,0). Neu ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc e tao cac ng chay dao th cac ng chay dao nay se o sau tuyet oi, bat ke oi tng hnh hoc ta chon o cao nao. * Increamental: Khi ta nhap gia tr tng oi th Depth va Top of Stock se lien quan en v tr cua oi tng hnh hoc con Clearance, Retract va Feed plane se phu thuoc vao Top of Stock. Neu ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc e tao cac

ng chay dao th cac ng chay dao nay se o sau cua oi tng hnh hoc ta chon. Ghi chu: Trong cac chu trnh Multiaxis th Clearance, Retract va Feed plane c t ong gia tr tng oi. 2. Cutter Compensation: S dch chnh dao se tao ra ng chay dao song song oi tng hnh hoc va cach oi tng hnh hoc bang mot ban knh dao. S dch chnh nay co the la dch chnh trai hay dch chnh phai tng ng vi chieu cua oi tng hnh hoc. 3. Stock to leave: Cac chu trnh Multiaxis cung cap thong so Stock to leave e xac lap lng d cho cac be mat e gia cong tinh lai. Hnh di ay la v du cua chu trnh Multiaxis khong dung va co dung thong so Stock to leave:

4. Check Surface: ay la nhng be mat khong c cat got. Khi ta chon nhng be mat nay th MasterCAM se tranh khong tao ra cac ng chay dao tren cac be mat nay. Cac chu trnh curve 5-axis, swarf 5-axis, multisurface 5-axis va flow 5-axis eu co thong so nay.

5. nh ngha mot chu trnh 4 truc: Chu trnh 4-axis se cung cap mot mat tron xoay quanh mot trong cac truc X, Y hay Z. V du rang ta nh ngha truc A xoay quanh truc X, trong trng hp nay cac ng chay dao (vector) se b gii han trong mat phang YZ. Ta co the chon chu trnh 4 truc t nut 4-axis tren hop thoai Multiaxis parameters.

6. Cac ng vao, ra dao: Cac ng vao, ra dao trong chu trnh Multiaxis th c xac nh bang cac thong so sau: length, thickness, height Ta co the thet lap ng vao, ra dao cho tat ca chu trnh Multiaxis tr chu trnh Drill 5-Axis. e thiet lap thong so nay ta chon nut Entry/Exit tren trang Multiaxis parameters cua cac chu trnh multiaxis.

Hnh di ay la minh hoa cua mot ng vao dao trong chu trnh multiaxis:

7. Depth cuts: Depth cuts la nhng lat cat theo phng Z do dung cu cat tao ra. Cac chu trnh curve 5-axis, swarf 5-axis, multisurface 5-axis va flow 5-axis eu co thong so nay.

Hnh di ay la minh hoa cua cac chieu sau cat trong chu trnh multiaxis:

8. Multiple passes: Multiple passes la nhng lat cat theo phng XY do dung cu cat tao ra. Chung se chia lng d tong cong theo phng XY cua chu trnh ra thanh nhieu lat cat nho hn e giam s mon dao. Thong so multiple passes co the thet lap cho ca ng chay dao tho va ng chay dao tinh. Lng d cha lai e cat tinh sau khi cat those bang so lan cat tinh nhan cho be day mot lp cat tinh. V du neu ta nhap vao so lan cat tinh la 2 vi khoang cach la 1mm th MasterCAM se cha lai 2mm sau khi cat tho. Hnh di ay la v du cua multiple passes:

Ghi chu: - Khi s hieu chnh ban knh dao (cutter compensation) la OFF, MasterCAM van tao ra cac ng chay dao song song theo hng phai hay trai. Tuy nhien, lat cat cuoi cung ng tam dao se trung vi oi tng hnh hoc (curve) thay v tao ra ng chay dao song song va cach eu oi tng hnh hoc bang ban knh dao.

- Cac chu trnh curve 5-axis va swarf 5-axis eu co thong so nay.

II. CHU TRNH CURVE 5-AXIS: Chu trnh Curve 5-axis se tao ra ng chay dao theo cac ng bien trong khong gian (3D curves) hay la cac ng bien cua cac be mat 3D vi cac v tr cua dao linh hoat hn nhieu so vi chu trnh contour. Chu trnh Curve 5-axis co the s dung dao tru (flat, r=0), dao cau (ball, r=1/2d), dao co ban knh (bull, r<1/2d), dao co goc nghieng(taperd) * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh curve 5-axis: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Curve5ax. - Chon he thong la 3 truc, 4 truc hay 5 truc. - Chon ng dan 3D hay canh cua be mat trong khong gian. - Chon cac thong so can thiet khac. - Chon dung cu cat. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh va nhap OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Curve 5-axis t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Curve 5ax.

* Chon oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh: Bc au tien e tao mot chu trnh curve 5axis la chon oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh.

truc.

- Output format: chon he thong la 3 truc, 4 truc va 5

- Curve type: chon kieu oi tng hnh hoc la 3D curve hay Surface Edge sau o tr ve man hnh o hoa e chon. - Tool axis control: chon cac thong so e quan ly ng tam dao MasterCAM cung cap vai phng phap e quan ly ng tam dao: Surface, line, plane, chain - Tip control: chon mot trong cac kieu sau e hieu chnh nh dao: + On Selected Curve: he thong se ieu chnh nh dao doc theo ng 3D Curve hay Surface Edge. + On Projected Curve: he thong se ieu chnh nh dao doc theo ng 3D Curve hay Surface Edge sau khi no c cheu len be mat 3D. + Comp to Surface: he thong se ieu chnh nh dao doc theo be mat. * Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Ta co the thiet lap cac thong so e quan ly v tr cua dao cung nh s chnh xac cua cac chuyen ong chay dao trong chu trnh. Hop thoai Curve 5ax Parameter ch xuat hien khi ta chon ay u oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh.

- Tool control: ta co the ieu chnh v tr cua dao bang cac thong so nh: Radial offset, Vector depth, Lead/Lag angle va Side Tilt angle. Hnh di ay la v du cua cac thong so tren:

- Step increment: S dung khoang cach gia cac lan dao di chuyen e tnh toan v tr cua dao doc theo bien dang. Mot ga tr nho se tao ra mot chu trnh chnh xac tuy nhien chu trnh cung dai hn va mat nhieu thi gian tnh toan hn. - Chord height:xac nh khoang cach ma dao co the thay oi doc ng curve e tnh toan s chnh xac cua chu trnh. Mot ga tr nho se tao ra mot chu trnh chnh xac tuy nhien chu trnh cung dai hn va mat nhieu thi gian tnh toan hn. - Minimize corner in toolpaths: Xoa cac chuyen ong chay dao tai cac goc trong chu trnh. * Axis limit:

Axis limit cho phep ta thiet lap khoang chay dao phu hp vi ieu kien thet b. Chon truc b gii han la X, Y hay Z. Nhap vao goc gii han nho nhat va ln nhat e tao nen day gii han chuyen ong chay dao. Cac chuyen ong chay dao se b gii han trong day nay. Khi co cac chuyen ong nam ngoai day gii han tren th ta se chon mot trong cac kieu tac ong sau cua MasterCAM oi vi cac chuyen ong o: - Xoa cac chuyen ong nam ngoai day gii han. - ieu chnh truc dao e cac chuyen ong o ri vao day gii han. - Van tao ng chay dao nhng canh bao la co nhng chuyen ong chay dao ra khoi vung gii han.

MasterCAM sau o se hien th mot menu cung cap cho ta mot so tuy chon e dieu chnh ng chay dao.

- Point generetor tao them mot so v tr dch chuyen dao e tao ra mot chu trnh chnh xac hn. Thong so nay co cac chu trnh: curve 5-axis, swarf 5-axis, multisurface 5axis va flow 5-axis. + Angle: MasterCAM se c lng nhng chuyen ong chay dao bang phep o goc. Khi goc cua truc dao gia hai iem bat ky trong chu trnh vt qua ga tr ta nhap vao, MasterCAM se them vao mot hoac vai iem lam cho chu trnh chnh xac hn. + Distance: MasterCAM se c lng nhng chuyen ong chay dao bang phep o khoang cach. Khi khoang cach gia hai iem bat ky trong chu trnh vt qua ga tr ta nhap vao, MasterCAM se them vao mot hoac vai iem lam cho chu trnh chnh xac hn.

Hnh di ay la v du cua chu trnh curve 5ax vi nhng chuyen ong chay dao c them vao bang thong so Point Generator:

Trc khi s dung Point Generator V du cua chu trnh Curve 5axis:

Sau khi s dung Point Generator

III. CHU TRNH SWARF 5-AXIS: Swarf 5-axis la chu trnh cat doc theo vach ng cua mot chi tiet bang mat ben hong cua dao. Kieu cat got nay thng c s dung trong nghanh cong nghiep vu tru khong gian. Chu trnh Swarf 5-axis co the s dung c cac loai dao: Flat, Ball, Bull. Rieng dao Tapered ch co the s dung c khi ta chon cach ieu khien mui dao (tip control) la floor surface. * Chon oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh: Bc au tien e tao mot chu trnh Swarf 5-axis la chon oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh.

Ghi chu: + Ta co the sa oi lai oi tng hnh hoc cua chu trnh bang cach chon bieu tng Geometry tren hop thoai Operation manager:

+ Phai chon chon ay u oi tng hnh hoc can thet th hop thoai Parameter mi xuat hien e ta hoan tat chu trnh. Neu ta chon cha u th MasterCAM se nhac nh ta cho ti khi chon ay u cac oi tng hnh hoc can thet. - Walls: Chon be mat ng can gia cong + Surfaces: click vao nut Surfaces e tr ve man hnh o hoa chon cac be mat can c gia cong.

Chon be mat can c gia cong trc, sau o di chuyen mui ten ti canh ay (lower rail) cua be mat. T Menu Direction chon nut Flip e xac nh chieu cua chu trnh. Chon OK. + Chain: click vao nut Surfaces e tr ve man hnh o hoa chon cac canh tao nen mat can c gia cong. Chon canh ay (lower rail) trc sau o chon canh tren (upper rail). Ghi chu: canh au tien c chon luon la Lower rail. - Fan distance: thong so nay xac nh khoang cach nho nhat ma dao di chuyen gia v tr cac goc va v tr dao vuong goc mat ay (Floor).

Khong dung Fan Distance

Co dung Fan Distance - Tip control: ay la thong so ieu chnh mui dao + Lower rail: ng tam dao se i theo canh ay cua be mat. Tuy nhien oi khi dao mot goc nghieng nao o, mui dao se cat pham vao mat ay:

+ Surface: mui dao se c ieu chnh theo mot be mat:

* Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Swarf 5-axis: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Swarf5ax. - Chon he thong la 4 truc hay 5 truc. - Chon be mat can gia cong. - Chon cac thong so can thiet khac. - Chon dung cu cat. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh va nhap OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Swarf 5-axis t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Swarf 5ax.

Cac thong so c ban cua chu eu tng t nh cac thong so chu trnh Curve 5-axis.

IV. CHU TRNH MULTISURFACE 5-AXIS: Multisurface 5-axis la chu trnh c s dung e tao ra cac ng chay dao tren mot loat cac be mat. Chu trnh Multisurface 5-axis co the s dung c cac loai dao: Flat, Ball, Bull, va Tapered. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Multisurface 5-axis: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Msurf5ax. - Chon he thong la 4 truc hay 5 truc. - nh ngha vung chay dao. - Chon cac thong so e quan ly ng tam dao. - Chon be mat can gia cong. - Chon be mat khong gia cong (check surface). - Chon OK. MasterCAM co the se tr ve man hnh o hoa e ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc tren. - Chon dung cu cat. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh va nhap OK. Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Multisurface 5-axis t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Msurf5ax.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Ta co the thiet lap cac thong so cua chu trnh e quan ly v tr cua dao cung nh o chnh xac cua cac chuyen ong chay dao trong chu trnh. Hop thoai Multisurface 5 axis ch xuat hien khi ta a chon ay u cac oi tng hnh hoc cho chu trnh.

- Side tilt va lead/lag angle: Thong so Side tilt angle se o goc gia be mat vuong goc be mat can gia cong va truc dao khi dao nghieng ve ben phai hay trai. Mot gia tr dng se lam cho dao nghieng ve ben phai cua chuyen ong ban au. Mot gia tr am se lam cho dao nghieng ve ben trai cua chuyen ong ban au. Hnh di ay la v du cua thong so Side tilt angle:

e thiet lap them cho thong so Side tilt ta co the quan ly truc dao nghieng ve pha trc (Lead) hay ve sau (lag) trong qua trnh chay dao. Hnh di ay la v du cua thong so Lead/lag:

- Cut pattern: Cut pattern nh ngha vung chay dao cho chu trnh Multisurface 5-axis. Cut pattern se tao ra mot mang li chuyen ong bao quanh chi tiet. Ta co the chon be mat cua chi tiet e inh ngha vung chay dao hoac nh ngha vung chay dao nh la mot khoi tru (cylinder), khoi cau (sphere) hay mot khoi hop (box) ma MasterCAM se tao ra ma khong can co trc mot be mat nao. + Cylinder cut pattern: Thong so Cylinder c s dung e nh ngha vung chay dao cho chu trnh Multisurface 5-axis nh la hnh dang cua be mat tru. Khi nh ngha vung chay dao la Cylinder vi ban knh ln nhat va ban knh nho nhat, MasterCAM se t ong

chia chieu sau cat ra thanh tng phan bang nhau. Nh the, khi ta nhap chieu sau cat tho la 2 lan th lng cat moi lan se ln hn neu ta chia lam 3 lan cat. Khi nh ngha nhng lat cat tinh, th lng cat tinh se c tnh bang lng d tong cong tr cho so lat cat tho nhan vi chieu sau mot lat cat tho. Sau o, lng chieu sau nay se chia cho so lat cat tinh e co c chieu day mot lp cat tinh. MasterCAM se at lat cat au tien ng ngoai va lat cat cuoi cung ng knh trong. Trnh t chon mot Culinder cut pattern: . Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Msurf5ax. . Chon Cylinder t hop thoai chon Geometry cua chu trnh.

. Nhap vao iem au va iem cuoi cua truc khoi tru (bang toa o XYZ). . Nhap chieu dai khoi tru (Cylinder length). . Nhap vao ban knh ln nhat (maximum radius)va ban knh nho nhat (minimum radius) cua khoi tru. Co the nhap vao 0 e bo qua mot ban knh nao o. . Chon goc gii han cua khoi tru bang cach nhap vao goc bat au (Start angle) va goc quet (Sweep angle). . Chon OK.

Ghi chu: - Co the chon Auto find sau o tr ve man hnh o hoa chon be mat khoi tru. - Trnh t tao Cut pattern la Box va Sphere cung tng t.

V. CHU TRNH FLOW 5-AXIS: Flow 5-axis cho phep quan ly mot cach chnh xac o nhap nho be mat (scallop) con lai tren be ma chi tiet hoac la khoang cach dch dao ngang la khong oi, tao ra mot be mat that chnh xac va trn lang. Vi kieu xuat chu trnh 5 truc se cung cap cho truc dao them 2 bac t do bat ky hng nao. Ta co the dung chu trnh Flow 5-axis cho mot hang cac be mat ke tiep nhau hoac ch mot be mat n. . Chu trnh Flow 5-axis co the s dung c cac loai dao: Flat, Ball, Bull, va Tapered. * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Flow 5-axis: - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Flow5ax. - Chon he thong la 4 truc hay 5 truc. - nh ngha vung chay dao. - Chon hng chay dao: + + + + Offset: cat t ngoai hay t trong. Cut dir: cat doc hay cat ngang. Step dir: cat t phai hay t trai. Start: iem bat au.

- Chon cac thong so e quan ly ng tam dao. - Chon be mat can gia cong. - Chon be mat khong gia cong (check surface). - Chon OK. MasterCAM co the se tr ve man hnh o hoa e ta chon cac oi tng hnh hoc tren. - Chon dung cu cat. - Nhap cac thong so cho chu trnh va nhap OK.

Ghi chu: ta co the tao chu trnh Flow 5-axis t hop thoai Operation Manager: Click phai / Toolpaths / Multiaxis / Flow5ax.

* Cac thong so c ban cua chu trnh: Cac thong so c ban cu chu trnh cung tng t nh cac thong so cua cac chu trnh Multiaxis khac. - Stepover control: ta co the thet lap khoang cach dch dao ngang cho chu trnh Flow5ax e he thong tnh ra o nhap nho be mat, o chnh la chieu cao con lai tren be mat chi tiet gia hai lat cat e lai. Neu ta nhap vao o nhap nho be mat th MasterCAM se t ong tnh ra khoang cach dch dao ngang. - Cutting method: + One way: theo phng phap nay, sau mot lat cat, dung cu cat se rut len mat phang an toan va lui dao nhanh ve iem au e bat au lat cat tiep theo. Tat ca cac lat cat eu cung pha. +Zigzag: theo phng phap nay, dung cu cat se di chuyen ti lui doc chi tiet. + Spiral: kieu cat nay thch hp cho nhng be mat tron xoay, dao se chuyen ong tuan t gia cac lat cat.

Chng IV:

TRANSFORM TOOLPATHS
Transform toolpaths la nhng chu trnh cho phep ta sao chep va thay oi s nh hng cua cac chu trnh trc o. Ta co the s dung chc nang nay e sao chep, xoay hoac oi xng cac chu trnh. Ghi chu: Phai tao t nhat mot chu trnh trc khi s dung chc nang sao chep chu trnh o. Cac chu trnh Transform la co lien ket. Neu cac thong so cua chu trnh goc thay oi th chu trnh sao chep cung t cap nhat. * Cac thong so cua hop thoai Transform (trang Type and Method):

- Type: chon kieu sao chep la sao lu (cppy), xoay (rotate) hay oi xng (mirror). - Source operation: Chon chu trnh can c sao chep. - Create new operation and geometry: tao cac oi tng hnh hoc va mot chu trnh mi tren hop thoai Operation manager. - Copy Source operation: chu trnh mi se bao gom ca chu trnh goc. - Subprogram: chu trnh mi c tao nen se la mot chu trnh con. Khi xuat chu trnh th tap tin NC se xuat hien M98 e goi chng trnh con. I. CHU TRNH TRANSLATE:

* Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Translate: - Tao trc mot chu trnh. - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Transform. - Chon kieu sao chep la translate. - Chon trang Translate va nhap cac thong so:

+ Rectangular: khoang cach gia hai oi tng c tnh theo toa o Decartes. + Polar: khoang cach gia hai oi tng c tnh theo toa o cc. + Between points: khoang cach gia hai oi tng c ch ra bang cach chon nut From pt va To pt e tr ve man hnh o hoa chon iem. + X spacing: khoang cach gia hai oi tng theo phng X (ch s dung c vi kieu Rectangular). + Y spacing: khoang cach gia hai oi tng theo phng Y (ch s dung c vi kieu Rectangular). + X steps: so lan sao chep theo phng X . + Y steps: so lan sao chep theo phng Y . V du:

II. CHU TRNH ROTATE: * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Rotate: - Tao trc mot chu trnh. - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Transform. - Chon kieu sao chep la Rotate. - Chon trang Rotate va nhap cac thong so:

+ Origin: Xoay quanh goc toa o. + Point: Xoay quanh mot iem. + Number of step: So lan sao chep. + Start angle: goc bat au sao chep (0 o tnh t chi tiet goc). + Rotation angle: Goc gia hai oi tng. V du:

III. CHU TRNH MIRROR: * Trnh t tao mot chu trnh Mirror: - Tao trc mot chu trnh. - Chon Main menu / Toolpaths / Next menu / Transform. - Chon kieu sao chep la Mirror. - Chon trang Mirror va nhap cac thong so:

+ X axis: oi xng qua truc X. + Y axis: oi xng qua truc Y. + Entity: oi xng qua mot oan thang. . Mirror point: Chon nut select e tr ve man hnh o hoa chon 2 iem tao nen truc oi xng. . Select: Tr ve man hnh o hoa chon mot oan thang lam truc oi xng. + Reserve toolpaths: Chon vao ay e ca hai chu trnh co cung kieu cat la than hay nghch. V du:

Chng V:

POST PROCESSOR
I. TONG QUAN: Phan nay se a ra mot cai nhn tong quan ve Post Processor (PP), ay la cong cu dung e chuyen ma t cac ng chay dao ra thanh file NC e cung cap cho may CNC. Cac Post Proccessors va la thong nhat oi vi s phoi hp rieng cua cac may va he ieu khien, va la phu hp chung vi gia nh cac may ieu khien so. Post Proccessor la phan chnh yeu va cc ky quan trong cua moi he thong CAM.Tien ch Post Processor, con goi la chng trnh hau x ly, lam tng thch cac chng trnh viet ra ngon ng NC vi cac thong so cua mot may NC/CNC xac nh. Chng trnh Postprocessor co the do cac hang san xuat cai at san trong he ieu khien may CNC nhng cung co the do khach hang t cai at. Chi ph phat trien cua chung co the cao va muon lam mot Post Processor, ngi dung phai hieu ro ve lap trnh NC noi chung, ve he ieu khien ma may NC/CNC ang s dung. Moi hang san xuat he ieu khien may CNC, ngoai viec s dung cac ma lenh bat buoc thong thng cua tieu chuan ISO, con s dung cac ma lenh c ban theo y rieng cua ho. Th du, cung cong viec khai bao he thong o kch thc la mm, he FANUC va MTS chon lenh G21, he FAGOR va SINUMERIK chon lenh G71. Muc ch cua ngi viet la cung cap mot s nh hng cho bat c ai co y nh hieu chnh mot PP co san ch khong hng dan cach viet mot PP mi. Mot Posprocessor can t nhat 3 tap tin sau: - Post customization file (.PST): c viet theo nh dang ASCII, nh ngha mot cach chnh xac chng trnh NC se c tao ra ra sao va c nh dang nh the nao. - Post executable file (.DLL): ay la tap tin co the c xem nh la ong c cua trnh bien dch (PP). No se oc post customization file (.PST) va the intermediate file (.NCI) sau o viet ra tap tin NC. - MasterCAM intermediate file (.NCI): ay la tap tin d lieu c tao ra t cac ng chay dao trong MasterCAM. Neu nh Post executable file (.DLL)c xem nh la ong c cua trnh bien dch (PP) th MasterCAM intermediate file (.NCI) c xem nh la nhien lieu cua

ong c o. Cac thong tin t tap tin NCI se c trnh bien dch (PP) oc va chuyen thanh ma NC.

II.CAU TRUC CUA MOT FILE .PST: Tong quan th mot Post file (.pst) c to chc thanh 3 vung chnh: 1. The definition area (vung nh ngha): vung nay se cha cac li ghi chu, cac nh dang, cong thc chung + Header: bao gom cac li ghi chu ban au, cac li ghi chu nay c viet sau dau #. Nhng g viet sau dau # se c Post executable bo qua khi xuat file NC.
# Post Name : MPFAN # Product : MILL # Machine Name : GENERIC FANUC # Control Name : GENERIC FANUC # Description : GENERIC FANUC MILL POST # 4-axis/Axis subs. : YES # 5-axis : NO # Subprograms : YES # Executable : MP v9.13 # # WARNING: THIS POST IS GENERIC AND IS INTENDED FOR MODIFICATION TO THE MACHINE TOOL REQUIREMENTS AND PERSONAL PREFERENCE. # ......... # # END_HEADER$ #

+ Numeric variable initialization: cac bien so do ngi lap trnh vet san hay do ngi dung nh ngha lai. Cac gia tr nhap vao luon nam sau dau :.
# -------------------------------------------------------------------

(cac bien chung nh dung sai cua he thong, toc o toi a, toi thieu cua truc chnh)
# General Output Settings # -------------------------------------------------------------------

sub_level breakarcs arcoutput arctype

: 1 : 2 : :

do_full_arc : helix_arc : arccheck atol ltol vtol maxfeedpm ltol_m vtol_m maxfeedpm_m force_wcs spaces : : : : : : : : : :

#Enable automatic subprogram support #Break arcs, 0 = no, 1 = quadrants, 2 = 180deg. max arcs 1 #0 = IJK, 1 = R no sign, 2 = R signed neg. over 180 2 #Arc center 1=abs, 2=St-Ctr, 3=Ctr-St, 4=unsigned inc. 0 #Allow full circle output? 0=no, 1=yes 0 #Support helix arc output, 0=no, 1=all planes, 2=XY plane only 1 #Check for small arcs, convert to linear .01 #Angularity tolerance for arccheck .002 #Length tolerance for arccheck .0001 #System tolerance 500 #Limit for feed in inch/min .05 #Length tolerance for arccheck, metric .0025 #System tolerance, metric 10000 #Limit for feed in mm/min yes #Force WCS output at every toolchange? 0 #Number of spaces to add between fields

omitseq seqmax stagetool tools use_gear max_speed min_speed nobrk progname xflip yflip zflip

: no : 9999 : 0 : : : : : : : : 0 10000 50 no 1 no no no

#Omit sequence numbers? #Max. sequence number #0 = Do not pre-stage tools, 1 = Stage #Output gear selection code, 0=no, 1=no #Maximum spindle speed #Minimum spindle speed #Omit breakup of x, y & z rapid moves #Use uppercase for program name (sprogname) #Reverse X axis orientation - eap 1/17/03 #Reverse Y axis orientation - eap 1/17/03 #Reverse Z axis orientation - eap 1/17/03

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Rotary Axis Settings (cac bien co lien quan ti truc

xoay)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------

vmc rot_on_x 164.

: 1 : 1

#0 = Horizontal Machine, 1 = Vertical Mill #Default Rotary Axis Orientation, See ques. #0 = Off, 1 = About X, 2 = About Y, 3 =

About Z rot_ccw_pos : 1 index ctable use_frinv maxfrdeg maxfrinv frc_cinit ctol ixtol frdegstp : : : : : : : : :

# ------------------------------------------------------------------#Feedrate calculation variables:

#Axis signed dir, 0 = CW positive, 1 = CCW positive 0 #Use index positioning, 0 = Full Rotary, 1 = Index only 5 #Degrees for each index step with indexing spindle 0 #Use Inverse Time Feedrates in 4 Axis, (0 = no, 1 = yes ) 2000 #Limit for feed in deg/min 999.99#Limit for feed inverse time 1 #Force C axis reset at toolchange 225 #Tolerance in deg. before rev flag changes .01 #Tolerance in deg. for index error 10 #Step limit for rotary feed in deg/min

cac bien e tnh toan

toc o cat.
frdelta frinv frdeg prvfrdeg ldelta cldelta circum ipr_type Inverse
...

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

: : : : : : : :

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#Calculation for deg/min #Feedrate inverse time #Feedrate deg/min actual #Feedrate deg/min actual #Calculation for deg/min, linear #Calculation for deg/min, linear and rotary #Calculation for deg/min #Feedrate for Rotary, 0 = UPM, 1 = DPM, 2 =

+ Format statements: s nh dang cua cac bien khi c xuat thanh file NC. o co the la so thc hay so nguyen, bao nhieu so le sau dau phay
# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Format statements - n=nonmodal, l=leading, t=trailing, i=inc,

d=delta

# ------------------------------------------------------------------#Default english/metric position format statements

fs2 1 fs2 2 fs2 3

0.7 0.6

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3d 1 0 2 0l 3 0l 4 0l 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3d 0.1 1 0n 0.3

fs2 4 1 0 fs2 5 2 0 fs2 6 3 0 fs2 7 4 0 fs2 9 0.1 fs2 10 0.2 fs2 11 0.3 fs2 12 0.4 fs2 13 0.5 fs2 14 0.3 fs2 15 0.2 fs2 16 1 0 fs2 17 0.2 feedrate)

#Decimal, absolute, 7 place, default for initialize (:) #Decimal, absolute, 4/3 place #Decimal, delta, 4/3 place #Common format statements #Integer, not leading #Integer, force two leading #Integer, force three leading #Integer, force four leading #Decimal, absolute, 1 place #Decimal, absolute, 2 place #Decimal, absolute, 3 place #Decimal, absolute, 4 place #Decimal, absolute, 5 place #Decimal, delta, 3 place #Decimal, absolute, 2/1 place (feedrate) #Integer, forced output #Decimal, absolute, 2/3 place (tapping

+ String variables, string select functions declare string variables and the string select functions: cac bien di dang chuoi co c t cac bien so. Thng bat au bang ch s
# ------------------------------------------------------------------#String and string selector definitions for NC output # ------------------------------------------------------------------#Numbered question 164. string to detect Rotary axis y/n

sq164 #Address string definitions: Cac a ch lenh nh: M,N,O,P strm "M" strn "N" stro "O" strp "P" srad "R" srminus "R-" sblank #Transform mirror and rotate codes strns_mir_on "G51.1" #Programmable mirror image code strns_mir_off "G50.1" #Programmable mirror image cancel code strns_rot_on "G68" #Coordinate System Rotation strns_rot_off "G69" #Coordinate System Rotation Cancel
# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Error messages: Cac dong bao loi. # -------------------------------------------------------------------

saxiswarn OVERWRITTEN saxisoff DISABLED" saxiserror FOR CURRENT sindxerror ('ctable')" stlorgerr ROTATION IN

"WARNING-POST ROTARY AXIS ASSIGNMENT ('rot_on_x') BY OPERATION" "ERROR-POST ROTARY AXIS ASSIGNMENT ('rot_on_x') IS "ERROR-INVALID ROTARY AXIS ASSIGNMENT ('rot_on_x') OPERATION" "WARNING-INDEX ANGLE DOES NOT MATCH POST SETTING "ERROR-TOOL ORIGIN DOES NOT MATCH CENTER OF POLAR MILLING"

shomeserror "ERROR-G92 WORK OFFSET ('mi1') DOES NOT SUPPORT TRANSFORM SUBPROGRAM" sprgnerror "ERROR-SUBPROGRAM NUMBER MATCHES THE MAIN PROGRAM NUMBER"
# General G and M Code String select tables:

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

Lenh chay dao

va quay truc chnh.

sg00 sg01 sg02 sg03 sg04 sgcode fstrsel G0 G1 G2 G3 G4

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Motion G code selection

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Select work plane G code:

#Rapid #Linear feed #Circular interpolation CW #Circular interpolation CCW #Dwell #Target for string sg00 gcode sgcode

Cac mat phang chay dao: G17,

G18, G19.
sg17 sg19 sg18 sgplane fstrsel

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

G17 G19 G18

#XY plane code #YZ plane code #XZ plane code #Target string sg17 plane sgplane

# ------------------------------------------------------------------#Select english/metric code :He inch hay he met # -------------------------------------------------------------------

sg20 G20 #Inch code sg21 G21 #Metric code smetric #Target string fstrsel sg20 met_tool smetric

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Cutter compensation G code selection:

Hieu chnh ban knh

dao.

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

scc0 scc1 scc2 sccomp fstrsel

G40 G41 G42

#Cancel cutter compensation #Cutter compensation left #Cutter compensation right #Target for string scc0 cc_pos sccomp

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Select incremental or absolute G code: Ga tr tuyet oi,

tng oi.
# -------------------------------------------------------------------

sg90 G90 #Absolute code sg91 G91 #Incremental code sgabsinc #Target string fstrsel sg90 absinc sgabsinc
# ------------------------------------------------------------------#Canned drill cycle reference height

sg98 G98 #Reference at initht sg99 G99 #Reference at refht sgdrlref #Target for string fstrsel sg98 drillref sgdrlref # Drill cycle G string select

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

# Generate string for spindle

sm04 sm05 sm03 spindle fstrsel

M4 M5 M3

#Spindle reverse #Spindle off #Spindle forward #Target for string sm04 spdir2 spindle

# ------------------------------------------------------------------# Coolant M code selection: Cac che o ti nguoi. # -------------------------------------------------------------------

sm09 M9 sm08 M8 sm08_1 M8 sm08_2 M8 scoolant

#Coolant Off #Coolant Flood #Coolant Mist #Coolant Tool #Target for string

2. The postblock area (vung cha cac khoi lenh): vung nay se cha cac khoi lenh viet san lan khoi lenh do ngi dung nh ngha. e xuat ra mot file NC, vung cha cac khoi lenh phai c nh ngha, cac cau lenh phai c viet theo mot cu phap nhat nh. Neu vung cha lenh khong co cac khoi lenh, hoac cu phap sai th khi xuat ra, file NC se thieu hoac khong co cac chuyen ong mong muon.
# -------------------------------------------------------------# Tool Comment / Manual Entry Section: Phan lap trnh e tao

ra dong ghi chu ve dao trong chng trnh NC.

# ------------------------------------------------------------ptoolcomment #Comment for tool tnote = t toffnote = tloffno tlngnote = tlngno "(", pstrtool, *tnote, *toffnote, *tlngnote, *tldia, ")",e pstrtool #Comment for tool if strtool <> sblank, [ strtool = ucase(strtool) *strtool, " " ] pcomment #Comment from manual entry (must call pcomment2 if booleans) pcomment2 pcomment2 #Comment from manual entry scomm = ucase (scomm) if gcode = 1007, "(", scomm, ")" else, "(", scomm, ")", e # -------------------------------------------------------------

# Start of File and Toolchange Setup: Phan lap trnh de tao

cac cau lenh au tien cua mot chng trnh NC nh: Ghi chu ten chng trnh, chon chuan thao chng theo G54 hay G92, o dao (G43), m ti nguoi

# ------------------------------------------------------------------psof0 psof #Start of file for tool zero

psof

#Start of file for non-zero tool number pcuttype toolchng = one if ntools = one, [ #skip single tool outputs, stagetool must be on stagetool = m_one !next_tool ] "%", e *progno, e "(PROGRAM NAME - ", sprogname, ")", e "(DATE=DD-MM-YY - ", date, " TIME=HH:MM - ", time, ")", e pbld, n, *smetric, e pbld, n, *sgcode, *sgplane, "G40", "G49", "G80", *sgabsinc, e sav_absinc = absinc if mi1 <= one, #Work coordinate system [ absinc = one pfbld, n, sgabsinc, *sg28ref, "Z0.", e pfbld, n, *sg28ref, "X0.", "Y0.", e pfbld, n, "G92", *xh, *yh, *zh, e absinc = sav_absinc ] pcom_moveb c_mmlt #Multiple tool subprogram call ptoolcomment comment pcan if stagetool >= zero, pbld, n, *t, "M6", e pindex if mi1 > one, absinc = zero pcan1, pbld, n, *sgcode, *sgabsinc, pwcs, pfxout, pfyout, pfcout, *speed, *spindle, pgear, strcantext, e pbld, n, "G43", *tlngno, pfzout, scoolant, next_tool, e absinc = sav_absinc pcom_movea toolchng = zero # ------------------------------------------------------------------#Feedrate calculations: Phan lap trnh e tnh toc o cat # ------------------------------------------------------------------pfcalc #Feedrate calculations, gcode 0 does not evaluate if gcode <> zero, [

four),

if fmtrnd(cabs) = prvcabs | index, pfcalc_u_min else, [ if cuttype = one & (cutpos2 <= one | cutpos2 = pfcalc_u_min else, pfclc_deg_inv ] if ipr_type <> prv_ipr_type, prv_feed = c9k ]

3. The system questions: cac cau hoi cua he thong. Viec tra li cac cau hoi nay cung ong ngha vi viec thiet lap cac thong so cho he thong. Cac cau tra li a c gi y san.
# --------------------------------------------------------------# Numbered questions for Mastercam Mill # --------------------------------------------------------------38. Rapid feedrate? 300.0 1538. Rapid feedrate (metric)? 10000.0

...

Cac cau hoi lien quan en viec truyen d lieu t may tnh sang may CNC nh: toc o truyen, nh dang la Ascii hay Binary
80. Communications port number for receive and transmit (1 or 2) ? 2 81. Data rate (110,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400)? 1200 82. Parity (E/O/N)? E 83. Data bits (7 or 8)? 7 84. Stop bits (1 or 2)? 2 85. Strip line feeds? N 86. Delay after end of line (seconds)? 0 87. Ascii, Eia, or Binary (A/E/B)? A 88. Echo keyboard to screen in terminal emulation? n 89. Strip carriage returns? N 90. 91. 92. 93. Drive and subdirectory for NC files? Name of executable post processor? MP Name of reverse post processor? RP Reverse post PST file name? RPFAN

100. Number of places BEFORE the decimal point for sequence numbers? 3 101. Number of places AFTER the decimal point for sequence numbers? 0 103. Maximum spindle speed? 5000 107. Average time for tool change (seconds)? 2.0 159. Show first and last position as fully compensated in simulation? n

Cac chc nang phu

161. Enable Home Position button? y

162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168.

Enable Reference Point button? y Enable Misc. Values button? y Enable Rotary Axis button? y Enable Tool Plane button? y Enable Construction Plane button? y Enable Tool Display button? y Check tplane during automatic work origin creation? y

# --------------------------------------------------------------# Default Miscellaneous Real Values # --------------------------------------------------------------201. Default miscellaneous real variable 1 (mr1)? 0.0 202. Default miscellaneous real variable 2 (mr2)? 0.0 203. Default miscellaneous real variable 3 (mr3)? 0.0 204. Default miscellaneous real variable 4 (mr4)? 0.0 205. Default miscellaneous real variable 5 (mr5)? 0.0 206. Default miscellaneous real variable 6 (mr6)? 0.0 207. Default miscellaneous real variable 7 (mr7)? 0.0 208. Default miscellaneous real variable 8 (mr8)? 0.0 209. Default miscellaneous real variable 9 (mr9)? 0.0 210. Default miscellaneous real variable 10 (mr10)? 0.0 # --------------------------------------------------------------# Configuration File association parameters (default is "y") # --------------------------------------------------------------#400. Name of associated cfg file? 401. Read SYSTEM COLORS section? y 402. Read ALLOCATIONS section? y 403. Read TOLERANCES section? y 404. Read DATA PATHS section? y 405. Read COMMUNICATIONS section? y 406. Read DRAFT SETTINGS section? y 407. Read MISCELLANEOUS section? y 408. Read NC SETTINGS section? y 409. Read DIALOG SCRIPTS section? y 410. Read DESIGN SETTINGS section? y 411. Read PLOTTER SETTINGS section? y 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. Read Read Read Read Read ALT-KEY ASSIGNMENTS section? y CAD section? y START/EXIT section? y SCREEN section? y FILE NAMES section? y

1500. Chook to execute from 'Misc. values' button? 1501. Insert parameter information in the ascii NCI? n 1502. Write operation information to binary file (.ops)? n 1503. Write transform operations (0=transform ops, 1=source ops, 2=both)? 1 1520. Display a warning when cutter compensation in control simulation finds an error? n 1521. Number of controller look-ahead blocks for CDC in control? 2 1530. Ignore work offset numbers when processing subprograms? y 1531. Ignore contour flags when processing subprograms? y

# Do NOT manually change the answer for Q.1999 ! 1999. Product major version number that post supports? 9 3001. Machine acceleration? 2 3002. timing size? .1

III. NHAN XET: Qua mot thi gian nghien, cu tm hieu ve Post Processor cua MasterCAM V9.1 cung nh thc tien van hanh mot so may CNC, ngi viet nhan ra rang cac file Post Processor chuan do MasterCAM cung cap (ien hnh la Fanuc-Mpfan.PST) co the lam cho mot so may CNC khong hieu c cac cau lenh c xuat ra. Nguyen nhan v ay la phien ban mi nhat cua MasterCAM, Post Processor cua no cung se tng ng vi cac may the he mi bay gi (v du nh Fanuc 21iM,Fanuc OM Series). Ma nen san xuat c kh nc ta hien nay a so la ang dung cac may the he cu hn (v du nh Fanuc 6M), do o, nhu cau chnh sa File Post Processsor e co c cac chng trnh NC phu hp hn vi may ma mnh ang s dung la can thet. Sau ay la mot so thong so co the c hieu chnh cho phu hp vi cac may Fanuc 6M: - Breakarcs : 2 #Break arcs, 0 = no, 1 = quadrants, 2 = 180deg. max arcs. + Khi chon 1 (hoac 2)cac ng chay dao theo ng tron (G2,G3) se c chia thanh cac cung tron nho hn. Ngha la muon dao chay theo mot ng tron 3600 th he thong se xuat ra 4 (hoac 2) cau lenh + Neu ta chon gia tr la 0 th dao se chay theo 1 ng tron tren mot cau lenh. - Arcoutput : 1 #0 = IJK, 1 = R no sign, 2 = R signed neg. over 180. + Khi chon 0 he thong se xuat cung tron theo I,J,K. + Khi chon 1 he thong se xuat cung tron theo R. + Khi chon 2 he thong se xuat cung tron theo R<0 (dao di chuyen theo cung >1800). - Helix_arc : 0 #Support helix arc output, 0=no, 1=all planes, 2=XY plane only. + Khi chon 0 th cac ng xoan oc trong khong gian se c xuat thanh cac toa o iem X,Y,Z. + Khi chon 1 th cac ng xoan oc trong khong gian se c xuat thanh cac cung tron cac mat XY, YZ va ZX. + Khi chon 2 th cac ng xoan oc trong khong gian ch c xuat thanh cung tron mat XY, cac mat con lai ng nay se c xuat theo toa o iem. - Maxfeedpm_m : 10000 #Limit for feed in mm/min: toc o cat toi a. - Min_speed : 50 #Minimum spindle speed: Toc o toi thieu cua truc chnh. - Max_speed : 10000 #Maximum spindle speed: Toc o toi a cua truc chnh.

- Them vao au chng trnh cac lenh xoa hieu chnh: G17, G40, G49, G80: Ban au:
"%", e *progno, e "(PROGRAM NAME - ", sprogname, ")", e "(DATE=DD-MM-YY - ", date, " TIME=HH:MM - ", time, ")", e pbld, n, *smetric, e

Sa lai:

- Sa li ghi chu au chng trnh: Ban au:

"%", e *progno, e "(PROGRAM NAME - ", sprogname, ")", e "(DATE=DD-MM-YY - ", date, " TIME=HH:MM - ", time, ")", e pbld, n, *smetric, e pbld, n, *sgcode, *sgplane, "G40", "G49", "G80", *sgabsinc, e

"%", e *progno, e "(PROGRAM NAME - ", sprogname, ")", e "(DATE=DD-MM-YY - ", date, " TIME=HH:MM - ", time, ")", e pbld, n, *smetric, e

Sa lai:

"%", e *progno, e "(TEN CHUONG TRINH- ", sprogname, ")", e "(NGAY THANG - ", date, " GIO - ", time, ")", e pbld, n, *smetric, e

- Bien Linarc: co tac dung bien cac chuyen ong theo cung tron (G2,G3) thanh cac chuyen ong theo toa o iem (X,Y,Z).
#Motion Setup (Set brklinestype & linarc) brklinestype = zero linarc = 1 if rot_on_x, [ if cuttype = one, linarc = one #Axis subs if cuttype = two, #Polar [ brklinestype = rotary_axis + three linarc = one ] ].

Chng VI:

LAP TRNH GIA CONG

Sau khi tm hieu xong cac chu trnh phay va phan Post Processor, ngi viet co ap dung cac chu trnh o e gia cong mot so san pham. Trong qua trnh lap trnh gia cong do mot so yeu to chu quan nh: may, phoi, dung cu cat va o ga nen cac chu trnh con nhieu thieu sot, mong s ong gop cua cac thay co vaa cac ban. 1. ay la chi tiet loi, phoi ban au la hnh hop. Chuan gia cong la tam cua mat tren phoi. Ap dung cac chu trnh sau: Rough Parallel, Parallel Finish, Parallel Steep, Leftover.

2. ay cung la chi tiet dang loi, phoi hnh hop ch nhat. Chuan gia cong la tam mat tren cua phoi. Ap dung cac chu trnh: Rough Pocket, Parallel Finish, Parallrl Steep.

3. ay la chi tiet dang lom, phoi ban au la hnh hop ch nhat. Chon chuan gia cong la tam mat tren cua phoi. Ap dung cac chu trnh: Rough pocket, Finish Scallop, Finish Leftover.

4. ay la chi tiet co bien dang c trai tren mat tru. Phoi ban au co dang hnh tru, co tien 2 bac hai au. Chon chuan gia cong la tam cua khoi tru (iem gia ng noi tam 2 mat au). Chi tiet c gia cong tren may phay 4 truc. Ap dung cac chu trnh sau: Flow 5-axis, Multisurfaces 5-axis va Curve 5-axis.