Problems and Challenges in Eradication of Child Labour

CONDUCTED AT BOSCO Mane (shelter for boys below 15 years,Non-formal education) SIP project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements Of PGDM program

External Guide: Fr. George P.S.

Internal Guide:Prof. Hemalatha K. G. (Faculty in Marketing) SUBMITTED BY:Shah Intisar Alam DSBSPGDMA1041 Dec, 2011

Dayananda Sagar Business School Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Bangalore 560078

Problems and Challenges in Eradication of Child Labour

CONDUCTED AT Bosco Mane (shelter for boys below 15 years, Non-formal education) SIP project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements Of PGDM program

External Guide: Fr. George P.S.

Internal Guide:Prof. Hemalatha K.G. (Faculty in Marketing) SUBMITTED BY:Shah Intisar Alam DSBSPGDMA1041 Dec, 2011

Dayananda Sagar Business School Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Bangalore 560078

Guide Certification
This is to certify that the report titled Problems and Challenges in Eradication of Child Labour has been prepared under my guidance and supervision. The report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Approved by AICTE) by student name Shah Intisar Alam, Reg No. DSBSPGDMA1041 and this report / study have not formed a basis for the award of any degree or diploma in any university / institution. Place: Bangalore Date: .... Guide Name: Prof. Hemalatha K.G. (Faculty in Marketing)

Director

Student Declaration
I hereby declare that the report/ study titled Problems and Challenges in Eradication of Child Labour is prepared under the guidance of Fr. P. S. George submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Post Graduates Diploma in Management (AICTE) in Dayananda Sagar Business School is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree/ diploma in any university / institution. Place: Bangalore Date: Shah Intisar Alam Reg.No:- DSBSPGDMA1041

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As a part of the curriculum at Dayananda Sagar Business School, the Social Involvement Project aims at development of the students by involving them with an opportunity to gain knowledge through secondary research and understand the sense of responsibility towards society. No project can be successful without the support of the people who keep themselves closely involved with the students undergoing the program. The wealth of knowledge and guidance shared and provided to us by these professionals is invaluable. I express my gratitude to my Project Faculty Guide, Prof. Hemalatha K.G., for her continuous encouragement, motivation and guidance throughout my Social Involvement Program. Without her invaluable inputs and thoughts, my project would not have been such a success. My sincere regards to Prof. R.K. Vijyasarathi (Director, DSBS- Bangalore) for giving me the privilege to carry out the research work. I am very thankful to him. This project would not have been possible without the untiring support provided by my family and friends. The inputs and guidance provided by my seniors, have been invaluable. I would like to extend my gratitude to all these people.

Date: Place Shah Intisar Alam

Executive Summary
The purpose of the study is to know the social responsibility of all individuals living in society which will be more valuable to us. The study involves to the people in understanding the problems faced by street children and reason why they put to labour at the age of studying and enjoying their childhood. In addition it also helps to understand the contribution made by the NGOs and what we could do to eradicate this evil from the society. This study first gives the brief introduction of the problems faced by the government and other organization and challenges which they come across. Then it gives the brief picture and position of children which is done through data collection and data analysis. It also gives the necessary change that the Government hast o go for. Finally through this project we came to know that there is a great scope for us and corporate to help them for their better future which in turn not only help them but also the country as a whole because as we know that childrens are the future of a nation and if they will not have a right environment for the growth the nation cant expect to grow. Shah Intisar Alam

CONTENTS SL. NO INTRODUCTION Certificate from company. Guide Certification. Declaration. Acknowledgement. Executive Summary. Industry Profile CHAPTER: 1 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY. 1.1 Profile of the company. 1.2 Founder of the Company 1.3 Mission & vision. 1.4 Companys Product profile. 1.5 Channels of Distribution. 1.6 Importance of the study. 1.7 Objectives of the study. 1.8 Scope & Limitation of the study. CHAPTER: 2 BRAND BUILDING AND PROMOTION 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Marketing Strategy of the company. 2.3 Marketing Communication 2.5 Marketing mix. CHAPTER: 3 2.6 Various products for Indian Market. TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OF BRAND PROMOTION. 3.1 Distributers promotional tools. 3.2 Retailers promotional tools. 3.3 Consumers promotional tools. 3.4 Brand Building and Promotionaltechnique of salesman. 3.5 Advertising specialities. 3 4. 5 6 7 13 14 17 17 18-19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 33 34 34 34 35 35-36 PAGE NO

SL. N0

INTRODUCTION 3.6 Purpose of Brand promotion. 3.7 Objectives of Brand promotion.

PAGE NO 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 45 46 46-64 64 65-66 67-69 70-73 74-75 76

CHAPTER: 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 4.1 Research Methodology 4.2 Research Objective 4.3 Research Design 4.4 Method of Data collection FINDINGS, DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION. 5.1 Techniques Used. 5.2 Data interpretation. 5.3 Swot analysis. 5.4 Profile of the Respondent

CHAPTER:

CHAPTER: 6 CHAPTER: 7 CHAPTER: 8 CHAPTER: 9

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION ANNEXURE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY.

LIST OF TABLES

Sl No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Current mobile brand owned?

CONTENTS

PAGE NO. 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 54 55 56 57

Satisfaction with current mobile phone? Mobile phone mostly used for? The most popular mobile O.S.? Most frequently used mobile application? From where did you get information about your current mobile phone? Are you satisfied with the amount of services provided by your mobile phone? The number of service centre in your city is enough? How is the customer service in terms of response and hold time? Satisfaction with mobile service provider? If you are allowed to retain your current mobile number, but change your service provider, would you do it? Given a chance to change your mobile phone, your future mobile could be Micromax? If yes? Reason for choosing Micromax. Most desirable feature in Micromax mobile phone? Frequency of changing mobile phones? Typical budget for a mobile phone?

12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

58 59 61 62 63

LIST OF GRAPHS Sl No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Current mobile brand owned? Satisfaction with current mobile phone? Mobile phone mostly used for? The most popular mobile O.S.? Most frequently used mobile application? From where did you get information about your current mobile phone? Are you satisfied with the amount of services provided by your mobile phone? The number of service centre in your city is enough? How is the customer service in terms of response and hold time? Satisfaction with mobile service provider? If you are allowed to retain your current mobile number, but change your service provider, would you do it? Given a chance to change your mobile phone, your future mobile could be Micromax? If yes? Reason for choosing Micromax. Most desirable feature in Micromax mobile phone? Frequency of changing mobile phones? Typical budget for a mobile phone? Age of Respodents. Respdents by Profession. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 58

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17 18

59 60 61 62 63 65 66

CHAPTER-1
y
Introduction

y About BOSCO Mane y Organisation Profile y Working Strategies y Target Groups y Management Constitution

y Awards and Achievments y Introduction of child Labour y Child Labour in India y Problem Statement

INTRODUCTION Non-governmental organization, or NGO:- NGO is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations (UN), and is normally used to refer to organisations that do not form part of the government and are not conventional for-profit business. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects, but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties. Unlike the term "intergovernmental organization, the term "non-governmental organization" has no generally agreed legal definition. In many jurisdictions, these types of organization are called "civil society organizations" or referred to by other names. The number of internationally operating NGOs is estimated at 40,000.National numbers are even higher: Russia has 277,000 NGOs; India is estimated to have around 3.3 million NGOs in year 2009, which is one NGO for less than 400 Indians, and many times the number of primary schools and primary health centers in India.

Bangalore Oniyavara Seva Coota (BOSCO):BOSCO is a Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) working with the Young at Risk in the city of Bangalore since 1980. Of paramount concern is the growing phenomenon of street and working children in all major cities in India. The alarming pace of urbanization and the proportionately weakening fabric of our social structure and policies are forcing a large number of such children into cities every day.

BOSCO Mane
This centre acts as a halfway home to street children below 15 years who are persuaded to come away from the streets. At this centre, boys enjoy maternal/paternal care, affection, concern and true fellowship. Some of the them are referred to other institutions for formal education while others attend training in carpentry, welding, two wheeler repairs, tailoring, electrical and bookbinding. At present there are about 80 boys residing in the centre. Besides, Mane serves as a convalescing centre from 1986 for the sick boys from the areas that require special care. The major services of the centre
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Child & Family Counseling Enrollment into Formal Education Awareness on Health & Hygiene Recreational Activities Home Integration and Repatriation CHILDLINE Special Juvenile Police Unit (SJPU) Don Bosco Fest Prayer Services Childrens Day Celebration Craft Works Value Imparting Programs Orientation Programs Various Religions Celebration

Organization profile
Bangalore Oniyavara Seva Coota (BOSCO), more commonly known as BOSCO is a project of the Salesians of Don BOSCO (SDB). BOSCO is a registered Non Profitable Charitable Organization under the Society's registration Act of 1960 (No.184/86-87). Constituted in 1980, we offer service to the Young at Risk like - children living on the streets, child labourers, abandoned / orphaned children, victims of drug abuse, victims of child abuse, begging children, rag pickers etc. Now, BOSCO has spread its wings across the city of Bangalore through 7 rehabilitation centres & 6 street presence locations

Vision
To build a community that will unreservedly care for its children through a preventive and promotional approach which supports children and activates forces in the society that favour them.

Mission
To encourage the young at risk to join the mainstream of society as educated and productive citizens by partnering with the children in their daily struggle to grow off the streets.

Working Strategies of BOSCO

y y

At the level of young at risk At the level of community and Society

Target Groups of BOSCO

y y y y y y y y y

Unaccompanied Children living on streets Children who do labour Abandoned / Orphaned Children Runaway / Missing children Victims of Substance Abuse Victims of Child Abuse / Violence / exploitation Children who do begging Children who do Rag Picking Children whose Rights are violated

Management Constitution of the Organisation        Fr. Jose Kuttianimattathil : President Fr.Joe Fernandez : Vice-President Fr.EdwardThomas : Secretary Fr. GeorgeP.S. : Member Fr. Joseph Elavanal : Member Mr. T. J. Thomas : Member Ms.Sheeba Thomas : Member

BOSCO Achievements:Awards & Recognitions to BOSCO

y y y y y y y y y y y

Rotary award, 2009 Bharat Jyoti Award, 2008 Kempe Gowda Award, 2007 Makkala Mitra Award, 2004 & 2005 Best Child Artist Award, 2001(BOSCO Inmate) Makkala Kalyana Rajya Prashasthi Award, 2000 Rotary Community Service Award, 1998 Bravery Award, 1994 (BOSCO Inmate) Bheedhi Bhagya Award, 1992 Special Police Officer's Badge, 1992 Rotary Community Service Award, 1990

Introduction to Child Labour

Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries. Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling with changes in working conditions during the industrial revolution and with the emergence of the concepts of workers and children rights. In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works (excluding household chores, in a family shop, or schoolrelated work. An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the minimum age conventions adopted by the International Labor Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16.Child labour laws in united states set the minimum age to work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16 except for the agricultural industry where children as young as 12 years of age can work in the fields for an unlimited number of non-school hours. The incidence of child labour in the world decreased from 25 to 10 percent between 1960 and 2003, according to the World Bank.

Child Labor in India

Child labor in India is a human right issue for the whole world. It is a serious and extensive problem, with many children under the age of fourteen working in carpet making factories, glass blowing units and making fireworks with bare little hands. According to the statistics given by Indian government there are 20 million child laborers in the country, while other agencies claim that it is 50 million. Carpet weaving industries pay very low wages to child laborers and make them work for long hours in unhygienic conditions. Children working in such units are mainly migrant workers from Northern India, who are shunted here by their families to earn some money and send it to them. Their families dependence on their income, forces them to endure the onerous work conditions in the carpet factories. The situation of child labourers in India is desperate. Children work for eight hours at a stretch with only a small break for meals. Children in rural families who are ailing with poverty perceive their children as an income generating resource to supplement the family income. Parents sacrifice their childrens education to the growing needs of their younger siblings in such families and view them as wage earners for the entire clan. Bonded labour traps the growing child in a hostage like condition for years. The importance of formal education is also not realized, as the child can be absorbed in economically beneficial activities at a young age. Moreover there is no access to proper education in the remote areas of rural India for most people, which leaves the children with no choice.

Child Population in India

As per 2001 Population Census, children in the age group of 0-14 constituted about 360 million and accounted for 35.3 percent of total population. Children in the 5-14 age group constituted about 251 million and accounted for 24.6 percent of the population. Though there is an increase in the absolute number of children, the proportion of children in the total population is declining between 1991 and 2001. By Census of India projections, the proportion of children (0 to 14) has further come down to 32.1 percent during 2010. Elementary school age children (5 to 14) in the total population constituted 241.7 million accounting for 21.7 percent of the total population. The reduction in the proportion of children is attributed to drastic reduction in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in many of the major states, especially in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat. On the other hand TFR remains high in some of the major states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Thus the segment of child population varies across states depending on the TFR. Age Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 5-14 0-14 1991 12.0 13.2 11.9 25.1 37.2 2001 10.7 12.5 12.1 24.6 35.3 2010 10.4 10.7 11.0 21.7 32.1

2001Census of India,(2010) including J & K

Causes of Child Labour

Some common causes of child labor are poverty, parental illiteracy, social apathy, ignorance, lack of education and exposure, exploitation of cheap and unorganized labor. The family practice to inculcate traditional skills in children also pulls little ones inexorably in the trap of child labor, as they never get the opportunity to learn anything else. Some major reasons are:-

                

Absence of compulsory education at the primary level. Parental ignorance regarding the bad effects of child labor The infectivity of child labor laws in terms of implementation Non availability and non accessibility of schools. Boring and unpractical school curriculum. Cheap child labor . Poverty and over population Parents greed for money for survival due to unemployment Monetary constraints and the need for food, shelter and clothing Over population in some regions creates paucity of resources. Limited means and more mouths to feed leads to commercial activities. Adult unemployment and urbanization also causes child labor. Adults often find it difficult to find jobs because factory owners find it more beneficial to employ children at cheap rates. The industrial revolution has also had a negative effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor. Sometimes multinationals prefer to employ child workers in the developing countries due to less pay. They are forced to work for survival when there are no adults and relatives to support them. Livelihood considerations can also drive a child into the dirtiest forms of child labor like child prostitution and organized begging.

Conclusion The future of a community is in the well being of its children. The above fact is beautifully expressed by Wordsworth in his famous lines child is father of the man. So it becomes imperative for the health of a nation to protect its children from premature labor which is hazardous to their mental, physical, educational and spiritual development needs. It is urgently required to save children from the murderous clutches of social injustice and educational deprivation, and ensure that they are given opportunities for healthy, normal and happy growth.