Integumentary System In

Assalamualaikum

2012

First of all, I would like to apologize because during this class mostly the Dr talked in Arabic, which I couldnt understand (very sad )and most of the time the doctor just repeat whats in the slide. So youll going to find lots of similarity between this lecture note and the slide -.- ( Which I couldnt help for. Sorry again) Bismillah.

Skin :
Largest & heaviest organ in the body (16% of body weight) Selective Barrier between internal and external Site of Vitamin D synthesis (by exposure to sunlight) Identification ( fingerprint) Secrete natural crane of protection of skin Regulator of body temperature ( by secreting sweats- regulate acid base balance)

Integumentary System In
Site where different types of sensory receptor present ( heat, pain,sensation,pressure, temperature)

2012

Can be divided by thick and thin skin ( according to thickness of epidermis without looking at the underneath) *Takenote*

The ONLY example of thick skin : (epidermis) hand The skin is originated from two parts, one from ectoderm palms of theand & bottom of the feet another from mesoderm (dermis). *refer to slide three* [ Sometimes, hypodermis (adipocytes) is consider as part of skin]

Epidermis Consist of stratified squamous epithelium ( keratinized/non keratinized) *doctor asked us to forget the term of stratified squamous epithelium in skin* Have many cell and each one of the cell is called keratinocytes.

Three types of cell which embedded in between is : Melanocytes = secrete melanin Langerhans = macrophages of the skin Merckel = one of the mechanoreceptor (some nerve fibre underneath)

Can be further subdivide by few layers of epidermis : Stratum basale = basal layer Stratum spinosum = spinous layer Stratum granulosum = glandular layer Stratum lucidum = lucidal layer Stratum corneum = cornial layer

*refer to the slide eight for picture*

Integumentary System In

2012

Stratum basal single & thin layer at the bottom of epidermis Characterized by active in mitosis, divide continuously Each cell in basal layer attach to each other by desmosomes Have low columnar basal ground nucleus ( columnar to cuboidal) In the Inside we can see, some keratinized fibre and intermediate filament.

Stratum spinosum About nine layers ( thickest epidermal layer) At the corner of the picture, there are many keratin of dead squames (stratum corneum) which will push the cell away from circumference Rich occupied by desmosomes (attach between two cell) Shape round nucleus in the middle Synthesis and secrete keratin ( increase from bottom to top)

What is malphigian layer? Term that generally defined as both stratum basal and stratum spinosum as a unit. Dark colourmarked the Stratum granulosum presence of granules Shape : flat cell (as moving upward) full with granules About three to five layers Insulator between in and out of cell

They are two types of granule outside)

Keratohyaline (no membrane

Integumentary System In

2012
Lamellar ( surrounded by

granules) Synthesize lipid and secrete lipid outside the cell Stratum lucidum Only seen in thick skin Thin, clean layer of dead skin cell of epidermis Transparent appearance Apparently no cell in this layer , actually they are cell which is very good keratinized fiber that covers the other organelles. Desmosomes are still evident between adjacent cells.

Stratum corneum Dead cell full with keratinized Act as a protective layer of skin from infection,dehydration,chemical and mechanical stress. Help the skin hydrated by prevent water evaporation Did you know? Melanocytes Sunlight activate melanocyte to Situated at the bottom of basal layer secrete more Secrete melanin ( pigment which responsible for colour of the skin) melanin.

White skin people and black skin people have the SAME number of melanocyte but why their skin colour is different? Pigment in the melanocyte does not go outside in the white skin people. This is also why white skin people can develop skin cancer more compared to black skin people.

Integumentary System In

2012

Melanin divided into two types of melanin melanin)

Eumelanin (normal

Pheomelanin ( red melanin)

Dermis Surface irregular and many projections (dermal papillae) Composed of two layer dermal papillae (loose connective tissue) -type 7 collagen fiber Papillary layer (outermost) -constitute major part of

Reticular layer (deeper) -composed of irregular dense connective tissue (mainly bundles of type 1 collagen) & has more fibers & fewer cells

Skin disease affect the skin

Pemphigus A rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that & mucous membrane ( Wikipedia)

Bullous Phemphigoid

Integumentary System In
A skin disorder characterized by large blisters.

2012

Epidermal derivatives Hair follicles Sweat glands Sebaceous glands Nails

------------------------------------------------- --FINISH------------------------------------------------------------Because of insufficient of time, the doctor just simply explain the slide in Arabic. Therefore, I couldnt understand it. So this is the end of this lecture note.

I wish you good luck for the final exam ( 9th January 2012) , May all of us manage to score this paper with flying colours . Insya-ALLAH (:

I am sorry for any inconvenience and mistakes in this lecture note.

Done by : Amirafathiah.