Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1...............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Evolution of Portable Devices..........................................................................................3
1.2 Proliferation of Portable Devices.....................................................................................4
1.3 Energy Challenges in Mobile Embedded Systems...........................................................5
1.4 Limitations of Battery Technology..................................................................................6
1.5 Increasing Demand for Energy-Efficient Solutions.........................................................6
1.6 Impact of Energy Consumption........................................................................................7
1.7 Importance of Energy Optimization.................................................................................7
1.8 Enhancing User Satisfaction and Productivity.................................................................8
1.9 Emphasizing Potential Environmental Benefits...............................................................8
1.10 Technological Trends and Emerging Applications........................................................9
1.11 Research Gap and Need for a Machine Learning-Based Framework..........................11
1.12 Limitations of Traditional Methods..............................................................................11
1.13 Justification for a Machine Learning-Based Approach................................................12
1.14 Potential of Machine Learning for Adaptive Optimization..........................................12
1.15 Problem Statement........................................................................................................12
1.17 Aims and Objectives.....................................................................................................13
CHAPTHER 2..........................................................................................................................15
REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................................31
MATERIALS AND METHODS.............................................................................................31
3.1 Machine Learning Techniques......................................................................................31
3.2 Markov Decision Processes............................................................................................31
3.3 Bayesian Classification..................................................................................................32
3.4 Q-Learning.....................................................................................................................33
3.5 Linear Discriminant Analysis.........................................................................................34
3.6 Linear Logistic Regression.............................................................................................35
3.7 Scaled Conjugate Gradient.............................................................................................36
3.8 Non-Linear Logistic Regression with Neural Networks................................................38
3.9 K-Nearest Neighbor........................................................................................................39
3.10 Methodology.................................................................................................................39
3.10.1 User-Device Interaction Field Study.....................................................................41
3.10.2 AURA Middleware Framework Overview............................................................44
3.10.3 Runtime Monitor....................................................................................................45
3.10.4 Bayesian Application Classifier.............................................................................45
3.10.5 Power Manager......................................................................................................47
3.10.6 Markov Decision Process based Manager.............................................................47
3.10.7 Q-Learning based Manager...................................................................................49
3.11 CPU DFS Power Model............................................................................................51
3.12 Screen Backlight Power Model.............................................................................53
3.13 Experimental Methodology...................................................................................54
CHAPTER 4.............................................................................................................................56
RESULT AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................56
4.1 Event Emulation Results................................................................................................56
4.2 User Study Results.........................................................................................................60
4.3 Prediction Accuracy Analysis........................................................................................64
4.4 Energy Savings...............................................................................................................65
4.5 Implementation Overhead..............................................................................................67
CHAPTER 5.............................................................................................................................69
SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................69
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................71
ABSTRACT
Modern computing devices, such as mobile cellphones and various renewable flashlight-
embedded systems, have become as critical instruments for communication, business, and
social interaction in recent years. When selecting a mobile device, consider how well it
performs, what features it offers, and how it looks. However, one of the most desired
qualities is a long battery life. Even while battery technology and performance have improved
over time, they still cannot meet the power requirements of today's mobile devices. two
methods for making mobile devices use much less power are discussed while have little to no
effect on user experience or service quality. The first idea is to utilize gateway framework
that understands how users and apps interact also exploits the period between when the user's
interaction with a foreground application. The framework classifies mobile device software
based on how they communicate using various distinct power management methods. The
processing speed and display brightness are then adjusted as needed. The second approach is
to utilize machine learning to forecast interface arrangements that will consume the least
amount of energy based on how a user typically uses his or their mobile device in regards to
space, time, and technology. The approaches, which include linear classifier variants, linear
KNN, non-linear analysis, and k-nearest neighbor, can immediately change off unnecessary
interfaces during run time to save energy by understanding how a user performs various
energy activities.
