Android Development Workshop v2 1228043706544191 8

mobiledevcamp androiddevelopmentworkshop
amsterdam,november2008
diegotorresmilano
diego@codtech.com
copyright2008codtechnologiesltdwww.codtech.com
Ihavealwayswishedthatmy computerwouldbeaseasyto useasmytelephone. Mywishhascometrue. Inolongerknowhowtousemy telephone.

BjarneStroustrup
agenda
introductiontoandroid androidarchitecture buildingblocks yourfirstandroidapplication testingandperformance bestpractices

introductiontoandroid
afterthissectionyouwill...
identifyuniquefeaturesof androidplatform compareandroidagainst otherplatforms understandandroidbuilding blocks
whatisandroid?
androidisthefirstcomplete,open andfreemobileplatform developedbyOpenHandset Alliance softwarestackthanincludes

operatingsystem middleware keyapplications richsetofAPIs

Portionsofthispagearereproducedfromworkcreatedand sharedbyGoogleandusedaccordingtotermsdescribedin theCreativeCommons2.5AttributionLicense.
isandroidlinux?
NO,androidisnotlinux!
androidisbasedonalinuxkernel butit'snotGNU/Linux
nonativewindowing system noglibcsupport noGNU/Linuxutilities
soisandroidjava?
NO,androidisnotjava!
androidisnotanimplementation ofanyoftheJavavariants
usesthejavalanguage implementspartofthe Java5SEspecification runsonadalvikvirtual machineinsteadofJVM

androidlinuxkernel
androidisbasedonalinux2.6kernel,providing rnel,p
security memorymanagement processmanagement networkstack drivermodel abstractionlayer
kernelsource:source.android.com
linuxkernelenhancements
androidintroducessomelinuxkernelpatches
alarm ashmem binder powermanagement lowmemorykiller(noswapspaceavailable) logger
uniqueplatformcharacteristics
androidcharacteristicsnotfoundonotherplatforms
opensource allapplicationsareequalmodel dalvikvirtualmachine
othercharacteristics
interestingfeaturesaswell,buttheyaremore commonacrossothermobileplatforms
applicationframeworkenablingreuseofcomponents integratedbrowserbasedonWebKitOSSengine 3DgraphicsbasedontheOpenGLES SQLiteforstructureddatastorage mediasupportforcommonaudio,video,andstillimages camera,GPS,compass,andaccelerometer
androidarchitecture
courtesyofGoogle
androidbuildingblocks
recognizethefundamental buildingblocks usethesebuildingblocksto createapplications understandapplications lifecycle
buildingblocks
Activities
Activitiesarestacked likeadeckofcards onlyoneisvisible onlyoneisactive newactivitiesare placedontop
Activitieslifecycle
rectanglesarecallbackswhere wecanimplementoperations performedonstatechanges

Activitiesstates
active
atthetopofthestack lostfocusbutstillvisible canbekilledbyLMK notatthetopofthstack killedtoreclaimitsmemory

paused

stopped
dropped
Views
Viewsarebasicbuildingblocks knowhowtodrawthemselves respondtoevents organizedastreestobuildupGUIs describedinXMLinlayoutresources
pattern:loadlayout
androidcompilestheXMLlayoutcodethatis laterloadedincodeusuallyby
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... setContentView(R.layout.filename); ... }
ViewsandViewgroups
Viewsand Viewgroupstrees buildupcomplex GUIs androidframeworkis responsiblefor

measuring layingout drawing
pattern:ids
usingauniqueidinaXMLViewdefinition permitslocatingitlaterinJavacode
private View name; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... name = (View) findViewById(R.id.name); ... }
Intents
IntentsareusedtomovefromActivitytoActivity describeswhattheapplicationwants provideslateruntimebinding

primary attributes attribute description action data the general action to be performed, such as VIEW, EDIT, MAIN, etc. the data to operate on, such as a person record in the contacts database, as URI
intentsplayground
http://codtech.com/android/IntentPlayground.apk
Services
servicesruninthebackground don'tinteractwiththeuser runonthemainthread oftheprocess iskeptrunningaslongas

isstarted hasconnections
Notifications
notifytheuserabout events sentthrough NotificationManager types

persistenticon turningleds soundorvibration

ConentProviders
ContentProvidersareobjectsthatcan

retrievedata storedata
dataisavailabletoallapplications onlywaytosharedataacrosspackages usuallythebackendisSQLite theyarelooselylinkedtoclients dataexposedasauniqueURI

AndroidManifest.xml
controlfilethattells thesystemwhattodo andhowthetoplevel componentsare related it'sthegluethat actuallyspecifies whichIntentsyour Activitiesreceive specifiespermissions
yourfirstandroid
createyourownandroidmap project designtheUI externalizeresources reacttoevents runtheapplication
androidproject
defaultapplication
autogenerated applicationtemplate defaultresources

icon layout strings
default AndroidManifest.xml defaultrun configuration
designingtheUI
thissimpleUIdesigns contains
thewindowtitle aspinner(dropdown box)containingthe desiredlocationover themap amapdisplayingthe selectedlocation
createthelayout
removeoldlayout addaRelativeLayout addaView(MapViewnot

supportedbyADT)
replaceViewby
com.google.android.m apview
changeidto mapview addaSpinnerfilling parentwidth
runtheapplication
com.google.android. mapsit'sanoptional librarynotincludedby default add<uses-library

android:name="com.go ogle.android.maps" / >tomanifestas
applicationnode
GoogleMapsAPIkey
checkingDDMSlogcatwefind
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: You need to specify an API Key for each MapView.
toaccessGoogleMapsweneedakey applicationmustbesignedwiththesamekey keycanbeobtainedfromGoogle MapViewshouldinclude

android:apiKey="0GNIO0J9wdmcNm4gCV6S0nlaFE8bHa9W XXXXXX"
MapActivy
checkingDDMSlogcatagain
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: MapViews can only be created inside instances of MapActivity.
changebaseclasstoMapActivity fiximports addunimplementedmethods
whereisthemap?
stillnomapdisplayed checkDDMSlogcat lotsofIOExceptions! someusespermissions aremissing

ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION INTERNET
finallyourmap
stillsomeproblems...
spinneriscovered
android:layout_alignPa rentTop="true"
hasnoprompt
prompt: @string/prompt
externalizeresource
pattern:adapters
anAdapterobjectactsasabridgebetweenan AdapterViewandtheunderlyingdataforthatview
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource( this, R.array.array, android.R.layout.layout); view.setAdapter(adapter); TheAdapterisalsoresponsibleformakingaViewforeachiteminthe dataset.
pattern:resources
resourcesareexternalfiles(thatis,noncodefiles) thatareusedbyyourcodeandcompiledintoyour applicationatbuildtime.
<resources> <string-array name=array> <item>item</item> </string-array> </resources> res = getResources().getType(id);
arrays.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <resources>  <string-array name="location_names"> <item>Mediamatic Duintjer</item> <item>NH Hotel</item> <item>Airport</item> </string-array> <string-array name="locations"> <item>52.363125,4.892070,18</item> <item>37.244832,-115.811434,9</item> <item>-34.560047,-58.44924,16</item> </string-array> </resources>
completetheclass
createthelocationsarray
locations = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.locations);
gettheviews(idspattern)
spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.Spinner01); mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapview);
createtheadapter
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter. createFromResource(this, R.array.location_names, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item); spinner.setAdapter(adapter)
almostthere
mapisdisplayed spinnerisdisplayed dropdownis displayed butthere'sno selectionbutton...
adapter. setDropDownViewResource( android.R.layout. simple_spinner_dropdown_item );
respondtoevents
whenanitemis selectedmapshould becenteredatthat location
spinner. setOnItemSelectedListener( new OnItemSelectedListener() { });
invoke
goToSelectedLocation(ar g2);
goToSelectedLocation
protected void goToSelectedLocation(int position) { String[] loc = locations[position].split(","); double lat = Double.parseDouble(loc[0]); double lon = Double.parseDouble(loc[1]); int zoom = Integer.parseInt(loc[2]); GeoPoint p = new GeoPoint((int)(lat * 1E6), (int)(lon * 1E6)); Log.d(TAG, "Should go to " + p); mapController.animateTo(p); mapController.setZoom(zoom); }
moreevents
turnmapclickable
android:clickable="true
overrideonKeyDown
switch (keyCode) { case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_I: mapController.zoomIn(); break; case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_O: mapController.zoomOut(); break; case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_S: mapView.setSatellite( !mapView.isSatellite()); break; }
wedidit!
Somethingstotry

selectalocation pan zoomin zoomout togglesatellite
Rememberthatthereisno codefasterthannocode
Taligent'sGuidetoDesigningPrograms
testingandperformance
understandthebestpractices todevelopforandroid identifythealternativestotest units,servicesandapplications performance
bestpractices
considerperformance,androidisnotadesktop avoidcreatingobjects usenativemethods prefervirtualoverinterface preferstaticovervirtual avoidinternalgetter/setters declaresconstantsfinal avoidenums

testing
androidsdk1.0introduces

ActivityUnitTestCasetorunisolatedunittests ServiceTestCasetotestservices ActivityInstrumentationTestCasetorunfunctional testsofactivities
ApiDemosincludessometestsamples monkey,generatespseudorandomofuser events

1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
500000
Add a local variable
Add a member variable
Call String.length()
Call empty static native method
performance
Call empty static method
Call empty virtual method
Call empty interface method
Call Iterator:next() on a HashMap
Call put() on a HashMap
Inflate 1 View from XML
Inflate 1 LinearLayout with 1 TextView Inflate 1 LinearLayout with 6 View Inflate 1 LinearLayout with 6 TextView Launch an empty activity
Time
summary
introductiontoandroid androidbuildingblocks
Ifthingsseemundercontrol, you'renotgoingfastenough.
MarioAndretti
thankyou androiddevelopmentworkshop
diegotorresmilano
diego@codtech.com

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mobiledevcamp androiddevelopmentworkshop

Ihavealwayswishedthatmy computerwouldbeaseasyto useasmytelephone. Mywishhascometrue. Inolongerknowhowtousemy telephone.

introductiontoandroid androidarchitecture buildingblocks yourfirstandroidapplication testingandperformance bestpractices

identifyuniquefeaturesof androidplatform compareandroidagainst otherplatforms understandandroidbuilding blocks

androidisthefirstcomplete,open andfreemobileplatform developedbyOpenHandset Alliance softwarestackthanincludes

operatingsystem middleware keyapplications richsetofAPIs

nonativewindowing system noglibcsupport noGNU/Linuxutilities

usesthejavalanguage implementspartofthe Java5SEspecification runsonadalvikvirtual machineinsteadofJVM

security memorymanagement processmanagement networkstack drivermodel abstractionlayer

alarm ashmem binder powermanagement lowmemorykiller(noswapspaceavailable) logger

opensource allapplicationsareequalmodel dalvikvirtualmachine

applicationframeworkenablingreuseofcomponents integratedbrowserbasedonWebKitOSSengine 3DgraphicsbasedontheOpenGLES SQLiteforstructureddatastorage mediasupportforcommonaudio,video,andstillimages camera,GPS,compass,andaccelerometer

recognizethefundamental buildingblocks usethesebuildingblocksto createapplications understandapplications lifecycle

Activitiesarestacked likeadeckofcards onlyoneisvisible onlyoneisactive newactivitiesare placedontop

rectanglesarecallbackswhere wecanimplementoperations performedonstatechanges

atthetopofthestack lostfocusbutstillvisible canbekilledbyLMK notatthetopofthstack killedtoreclaimitsmemory

Viewsarebasicbuildingblocks knowhowtodrawthemselves respondtoevents organizedastreestobuildupGUIs describedinXMLinlayoutresources

Viewsand Viewgroupstrees buildupcomplex GUIs androidframeworkis responsiblefor

measuring layingout drawing

IntentsareusedtomovefromActivitytoActivity describeswhattheapplicationwants provideslateruntimebinding

servicesruninthebackground don'tinteractwiththeuser runonthemainthread oftheprocess iskeptrunningaslongas

notifytheuserabout events sentthrough NotificationManager types

persistenticon turningleds soundorvibration

dataisavailabletoallapplications onlywaytosharedataacrosspackages usuallythebackendisSQLite theyarelooselylinkedtoclients dataexposedasauniqueURI

createyourownandroidmap project designtheUI externalizeresources reacttoevents runtheapplication

autogenerated applicationtemplate defaultresources

icon layout strings

default AndroidManifest.xml defaultrun configuration

thewindowtitle aspinner(dropdown box)containingthe desiredlocationover themap amapdisplayingthe selectedlocation

removeoldlayout addaRelativeLayout addaView(MapViewnot

changeidto mapview addaSpinnerfilling parentwidth

com.google.android. mapsit'sanoptional librarynotincludedby default add<uses-library

toaccessGoogleMapsweneedakey applicationmustbesignedwiththesamekey keycanbeobtainedfromGoogle MapViewshouldinclude

changebaseclasstoMapActivity fiximports addunimplementedmethods

stillnomapdisplayed checkDDMSlogcat lotsofIOExceptions! someusespermissions aremissing

mapisdisplayed spinnerisdisplayed dropdownis displayed butthere'sno selectionbutton...

adapter. setDropDownViewResource( android.R.layout. simple_spinner_dropdown_item );

whenanitemis selectedmapshould becenteredatthat location

spinner. setOnItemSelectedListener( new OnItemSelectedListener() { });

selectalocation pan zoomin zoomout togglesatellite

understandthebestpractices todevelopforandroid identifythealternativestotest units,servicesandapplications performance

considerperformance,androidisnotadesktop avoidcreatingobjects usenativemethods prefervirtualoverinterface preferstaticovervirtual avoidinternalgetter/setters declaresconstantsfinal avoidenums

ActivityUnitTestCasetorunisolatedunittests ServiceTestCasetotestservices ActivityInstrumentationTestCasetorunfunctional testsofactivities

ApiDemosincludessometestsamples monkey,generatespseudorandomofuser events

Add a local variable

Add a member variable

Call empty static native method

Call empty static method

Call empty virtual method

Call empty interface method

Call Iterator:next() on a HashMap

Call put() on a HashMap

Inflate 1 View from XML

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