Formative Practice 11.

2
1. What are the types of immunity that decrease according to time?
Explain why.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

2 Propose immediate treatment that can be given to someone who has

been bitten by a poisonous snake.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

3 State one difference between artificial passive immunity and artificial

active immunity.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

4 In your opinion, why must we follow and complete the immunisation

plan in Malaysia?
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

Formative Practice 11.3

1 What is the meaning of AIDS?
————————————————————————————————————

2 Explain how HIV infection can cause someone to suffer from AIDS.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

3 Why is a person who is infected with HIV, may not necessarily suffer
from AIDS?
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

4 How can AIDS be prevented?

————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

Summative Practice 11
1 Suggest an immediate treatment to an individual bitten by a very
poisonous snake.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
2 Explain how a mother who has HIV can infect a foetus in her womb.
————————————————————————————————————

3 (a) State the type of immunity a foetus receives from its mother.
————————————————————————————————————

(b) Explain how the placenta helps in the immune system of the foetus.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

4 Figure 1 illustrates the changes in the antibody levels in the blood of

individuals X and Y for a specific period of time

(a)
(i) What type of immunity did individuals X and Y acquire?
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(ii) State the substance injected in individuals X and Y.

————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(iii) Explain the differences in the content of the substances you

mentioned in a(ii).
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(b)
(i) On the graph curves of individuals X and Y, mark with an arrow, the
time of the
second injection is given.
(ii) Why do individuals X and Y need a second injection?
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(iii) Based on the graph curves for individuals X and Y, state two
differences in the
immunity achieved by individuals X and Y.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
Essay Questions
5 Two individuals acquired immunity against chickenpox in different
situations. Individual X recovered from chickenpox. Individual Y was
injected with a type of suspension and received immunity against
chickenpox after a few months.
Explain the immunity acquired by
(a) individual X
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
(b) individual Y
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

6 (a) A newborn baby needs to receive immunisation based on the

Immunisation Plan recommended by the World Health Organisation
(WHO). Explain why the immunisation programme is required.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
(b)
(i) Some vaccine injections require only one dose throughout the lifetime
of an
individual. Explain why.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(ii) Sinti’s mother forgot to bring Sinti to the clinic for the third dosage of
the hepatitis vaccination. Explain the effects on Sinti’s immunity.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(iii) Aziman accidentally stepped on a rusty nail during a mountain

climbing expedition. Describe the type of injection that is suitable to be
administered by the doctor. Explain your answer.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

(c) Explain how HIV can paralyse the immune system of a person infected
by the virus.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
Enrichment
7 Sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat some infectious
diseases. Doctors will advise taking all the antibiotics prescribed for the
recommended period. Explain why it is important to follow this step.
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————

8 You visited a sick friend in a hospital. MRSA (methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus) is a strain of bacteria that is usually found in
hospitals. This bacterial strain is immune to many types of antibiotics due
to the numerous types of antibiotics used to treat patients in the hospital.
Suggest steps that you can take to prevent the infection of MRSA
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————
————————————————————————————————————