A PROJECT REPORT

ON

RELATIONSHIP OF
ENROLLMENT OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND IMPACT OF NUMBER OF VOC.INSTITUTES, RATIO OF FEMALE TEACHERS

University

Of

Lahore -

City

Campus

Acknowledgements

This report is being submitted with a note of thanks to my Teachers for enabling me to analyze the relationship among variables with the use of SPSS and other statistical techniques and prepare this report. Specially the guidance of Dr. Naheed and Mr. Asif Saeed was really a combination which not only helped me in learning the difficult concepts but also produced in me the passion for doing research work .

INTRODUCTION

The report is based on the educational Data of Pakistani vocational Institutes for the years from 1997-98 to year 2008-09 which describes the statistics of vocational level education in females . The female education has always been on top priority in government policies. The females are more than 50 % of the population of Pakistan and if more than half of a countrys population is not contributing and is unskilled then we cannot expect that the country will be able to achieve any significant growth or will in any way be able to think about joining the developed nations. We must keep in mind that in todays fast growing world economic aspects have gained importance. Although, now the knowledge of almost everything is available but one can not get acquainted to it if he/she is not able to read. When we look at the developed countries we find that every one (irrespective of the gender is participating in the development of the country. But the situation is quite different when we look at the situation in our country, here, the woman play a passive role. And most of the females are not in a position to contribute to their country because of their illiteracy. The government of Pakistan is also aware of the importance of education for females and has always focused its efforts to encourage the education in females. Because a country can not make speedy progress if more than fifty percent of its population is illiterate and is sitting idle in homes without contributing to the economy. And even if females have to sit in homes , they must be literate so that they can play an effective role in upbringing of their children .A lot of studies have been done on the topic and suggestions given to the government but still the desired results are much away. When we try to analyze the situation of female education in Pakistan, we come to know about many factors which have a direct contribution towards low literacy rate of females and if we want to join the developed nations , we will have to eradicate the negative effects of these factors.

FACTORS FOR LOW VOCATIONAL LITERACY RATE IN FEMALES

Following are some of the major factors which contribute negatively toward improving female literacy rate

Culture Of Indo Pak

The cultural factor is depicted by the fact that majority of the people believe that there is no need for educating the females as the role which they have in the culture does not necessitate the education.

Customs And Traditions

The second major hurdle in vocationally educating the females is the role which customs and traditions play in our society. Most of the people take pride in saying that they have kept the women of their family deprived from the education because they have followed the traditions .

Lesser-availability of Separate Schools For Females

In Pakistan, the number of separate vocational schools for females is limited. And due to cultural and traditional beliefs people are not willing to send their daughters to study with boys in their classes.

Non-availability of Female Teachers

As already mentioned the ratio of educated females is very low in Pakistan and specially the concept of vocational education has not been fully adopted that is why the females are not available for posting as teachers. On the other hand, most of the people do not allow their females to get education from male teachers.

Misconceptions About Efforts Of International Organizations

The awareness about living conditions of females of developing and under developed countries has compelled international organizations like united nations etc. to focus on this dire need. Many programmes of been initiated by the different international organizations through the NGOs to promote female education .but they feelings of hatred against British Rule in Indo-Pak has led the people to believe that this movement of female education is a conspiracy against them and

the English people want to destroy our cultural values. And the impact of these efforts has been in opposite side.

STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT

In an effort to promote the female vocational education , the government of Pakistan has been making serious efforts which include both creating awareness in people and providing required infrastructure .For creating awareness about this important aspect and to clear the misconceptions in peoples mind, the campaigns have been launched through print and electronic media. The articles are being written on this critical issue in newspapers and magazines and the Talk Shows are being held on TV channels. On the other side the government has tried to recruit more female teachers specially. The number of vocational institutes for females has been increased and an effort has been made to improve the student teacher ratio for females. The Data analyzed in this report is the educational data with special reference to female education. By using various statistical tools the effort has been made to explore what has been happening with reference to female education and what improvement has been achieved in this regards.

Type

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Number of S. Vocational Institutions Female 223 Enrolment in Secondary Vocational Inst Female 17611

228 17131

233 16798

236 14068

239 15401

230 18916

252 23469

255 28871

258 39573

260 30998

267 36490

288 29419

SPSS

T-Test

Group Statistics enrolment of females no of female voc.inst no of voc institutes female enrolment of females N 12 12 Mean 2.4742E2 2.4062E4 Std. Deviation 19.22337 8734.07179 Std. Error Mean 5.54931 2521.30935

Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances Sig. (2F no of female voc.inst Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 45.467 Sig. .000 t -9.445 df 22 tailed) .000

Mean Differe

-23814.66

-9.445 11.000

.000

-23814.66

Paired Samples Statistics Mean Pair 1 secvocational enrolment 2.4742E2 2.4062E4 N 12 12 Std. Deviation 19.22337 8734.07179 Std. Error Mean 5.54931 2521.30935

Paired Samples Correlations N Pair 1 secvocational & enrolment 12 Correlation .769 Sig. .003

Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Mean Pair 1 secvocational - enrolment -2.38147E4 Std. Deviation 8719.30650 Std. Error Mean 2517.04698 Lower -29354.64971 Upper -18274.68362

Graph

OTHER DATA RELATED TO VOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN

Type
Percentage of Female Teachers

1997-98
44.6

1998-99
46.4

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

46.8 48.2 46.7

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

47.5 48.5 49.1 50.3 50.5 51.1 51.3

Number of S. Vocational Institutions Total 574 Female 223 Enrolment in Secondary Vocational Inst Total 90256 Female 17611 Teachers in Secondary Vocational Inst. Total 6923 Female 1870 Student Teacher Ratio (Student per Teacher) 13.0 Teachers per Sec.Voc.Inst (Total) 12.1 Teachers per Sec.Voc.Inst. (Female) 8.4 Student per Sec.Voc.Inst. 157.2 Percentage of Female Teachers 27.0

580 228 75093 17131 7133 1858 10.5 12.3 8.1 129.5 26.0

612 233 90829 16798 9253 1959 9.8 15.1 8.4 148.4 21.2

630 236 82714 14068 9441 1959 8.8 15.0 8.3 131.3 20.7

607 239 82879 15401 7192 1863 11.5 11.8 7.8 136.5 25.9

585 230 93921 18916 7273 1623 12.9 12.4 7.1 160.5 22.3

636 252 101106 23469 8535 1957 11.8 13.4 7.8 159.0 22.9

643 255 138186 28871 8668 1884 15.9 13.5 7.4 214.9 21.7

643 258 181667 39573 8282 1979 21.9 12.9 7.7 282.5 23.9

652 260 171247 30998 8798 1884 19.5 13.5 7.2 262.6 21.4

656 267 198430 36490 9401 2099 21.1 14.3 7.9 302.5 22.3

691 288 186920 29419 9721 1964 19.2 14.1 6.8 270.5 20.2

CONCLUSION
Although the SPSS has given a detailed explanation but still we can also find other interesting facts by looking on the other data for vocational institutions education to females. We observe that although the no. of females enrolled remain almost stagnant but there was a considerable rise in almost every factor in the data after 2004-05 and then this high level is retained during remaining period.