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DNA

()
()(entanglement)

: ?

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Chua Lynn Liu Shi Yang

(A Broader View)

(Beyond the Six Pieces)

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(Valerio)

(nobody understands
quantum physics)

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Tan Kian Chuan

(Rafes Institution)Sze Guan Kheng

LynnShi Yang
Lana SheridanLe Phuc ThinhCharles LimMelvyn Ho
Wang Yimin
2005StMichel(Valerio)Patrick MonneyRichard
Barrios, Benjamin FragnireEtienneKneuss, Gal Monney, Nguyen Thanh Hieu
Quentin Python

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 www.wunan.com.tw
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()

nobody understands quantum

mechanics

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 www.wunan.com.tw
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Part 1

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

10

1.1.4.1

10

1.2

12

1.2.1

12

1.2.2

12

1.2.3

14

1.3

16

1.3.1

16

1.3.2

17

1.3.3

18

1.3.4

19

1.4

20

11

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1.5

22

1.6

22

1.6.1

22

1.6.2

23

1.6.3

23

1.7

26

1.8

26

Part 2

2.1

35

2.2

37

2.3 BB84

37

2.3.1

38

2.3.2

40

2.3.3

43

2.4

44

2.4.1

45

2.4.2

46

2.5

47

2.6

47

2.6.1

47

2.6.2

48

2.6.3

49

12

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2.7

50

2.8

50

3.1

61

3.2

62

3.3

63

3.4

65

3.5

66

3.6

67

3.7

67

3.7.1

67

3.7.2

68

3.8

69

3.9

69

4.1

77

4.2

80

4.3

81

4.4

82

4.4.1

82

4.4.2

83

4.5

84

13

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4.6

84

5.1

93

5.1.1

93

5.1.2

94

5.1.3

96

5.2

97

5.3

98

5.4

100

5.5

100

5.5.1

100

5.5.2

102

5.5.3

103

5.5.4

104

5.6

106

5.7

107

GHZ

6.1
6.1.1

115
115

6.1.2 X- X- X

16

6.1.3 X- Y- Y

118

6.2

119

6.3

120

14

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6.4
6.4.1 (Leggett)

120
121

6.5

122

6.6

122

7.1

129

7.2

131

7.3

135

7.4

136

7.4.1

136

7.4.2

138

7.5

139

7.6

140

Part 3

8.1

151

8.1.1

151

8.1.2

152

8.1.2.1

152

8.1.2.2

153

8.2 (selected states)

8.2.1

155
155

15

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8.2.2

8.3

159

8.4

159

8.4.1

159

8.4.2

160

8.5

162

8.6

162

9.1

167

9.2

168

9.2.1

168

9.2.2

170

9.3

171

9.3.1

171

9.3.2

172

9.4

174

9.5

174

9.5.1 --

9.6

158

174
176
177
179

16

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Part 1

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 www.wunan.com.tw
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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

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1.1

1.1
1.1.1

(
)

)
I

I T I R
()()

I = IT I R

(1.1)

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2I
I ( 2I )
( I T /IR )IT IR (2IT 2IR)
2I = 2IT 2IR

(1.2)

IT IR I

IT =k1I

I R =k 2 I

(1.3)

k1 k2 (1.3)(1.1)

k1k1=1
2

(1.4)
2

k1 k2 k1=cos k2=sin ( k1 k2
=0 k1=1 k 2=0 =90 o k1=0 k 2=1)

IT = Icos2

IR = Isin 2

(1.5)

((1.5))(Malus' law)
1.1.2
(1.1)
()
I T1 IT2 IT2 IT1
? IT2 = IT2

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1.1

1.1
(1.2)? I T2
()

1.2
(1.3)?

(
1.3)45

1 IT1 ( cos2 = )
4
2
4
2
1
IT1

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1.3
45(
9045)

? (1.5)
( I T2 )
IT1 cos2
I T2 cos 2( )

1.1
I N

=

2N
?
? (: )

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1.1

1.1.3

(H)
(V)
()

V H
H H
V V
V H
H
= cosHsinV

(1.6)

(:
)

2 =sinHcosV

(1.7)

= cos H
sinV cos Hsin V
( ==cos()Hsin()V
2)

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1.1.4

(1.4)

1.4

H
V

H
V
1.1.4.1

10

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1.1

1.5
2

1.2
2I I
(:
) IH= Icos2IV= Isin2
= cosHsinV = cosH sinV

(1.6)(1.7) I I
?

11

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1.2
1.2.1

= cosHsinV
| =cos | sin |V

1.2.2
|.

( )
( )

|H 1
0
|V 0
1

(1.8)

12

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1.2

| = cos|H sin|V

( cos
sin )

(1.9)

cos | |H

< |H = cos

(1.10)

< |V = sin

(1.11)

< H|H =1< V|V =1< H|V =0

{|H |V }

(1.12)

cos2

cos2
()
(P(X)
X )
P( ) = P(H |) = cos2 = | < |H |
2

P( ) = P(V |) = sin2 = | < |V |

2

1 |1 |2

2
P( 2 1 ) = | < 1|2 | (1.13)

(1.13)
| = cos|H sin|V

| cos2
13

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sin2

1.3
(1) { | | }
| = cos|H sin|V

| = sin|H cos|V

(1.14)

(2) | = cos |H sin |V P( | ) P( | )

P() = cos2()
P() = sin2()

(1.15)

1.2.3

| = cos|H sin|V

P() = cos2()
P() = sin2()

(1.16)

14

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1.2

1.6

15

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1.3

1.3.1

(x Ev E)(x Mv M)
(x Ev Ex Ev E)

16

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1.3

1.3.2

|H
|V

|V |H

|V |V

|H

|H

( )

( )

|H 1
0

|H

|V 0
1

( ) ( ) (

|H = 1
0

1 =
0

(1.17)

( ) = 10
) (0)
( )
0

1 1
0
0 1
0

|H

0
|V = 1
0 |V
0

( )

0
|H = 01 |V
0

0
|V = 00
1

( )

|H

( )

|V |V

|H

()
H VV H

|H

|H |H,H |HH

17

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1.3.3
| = cos|H sin|V

| = a|HH b|HV c|VH d|VV

(1.20)

| a | 2 | b | 2 | c | 2 | d | 21 | a | 2 | b | 2 | c | 2 | d | 2 = 1
{abcd}

| = c|HH >s|HV > = | (c| s|V )

(1.21)

c = coss = sin |H

| = c|H >s|V >

1
| = ( |H |VV )
2

2 ( |H |VV ) = (c|H >s|V >)

(c|H >s|V >)

(1.22)

c = cos
1

2 ( |H |VV ) = (c c|HH >c s|HV >s c|VH >s s|VV >)

(1.23)

1
c s = s c = 0
2

c c = s s =

18

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1.3

1
2 ( |H |VV )

(:
(1.20) abc d
2
2
2
2
| a | |b | | c | | d | = 1 )

1.4

1
( |H |HV |VH |VV )
2
1
|2 =
( |H |HV |VH |VV )
2
3
1
|H 2 ( |VH |VV )
|3 =
2
2
|4 = cos |H sin |VV
|1 =

1.3.4
(entanglement)
(
)
()

19

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1.5
(1.14) | |
1
1 | |
( | | | | ) =
( |V |V )
2
2

()

( | )

| | |

1.4

20

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Buek-Hillery 63,65

Private Key
34,35,36,43

(unitary)21,22,77,79,80,81,85,
86,87,131,141,157,163,134

(Bell)93

(Public Key)34
(square well)174

(John Bell)154

(entanglement),19,154

(square step)174

(ASCII code)
35

(square barrier)174

(Podolsky)93
(Bohr)93

(non-locality)102

(Brassard)37

(Bohmian mechanics)137

(decoherence)
129,131,133,135,138,139,160

(Peter Shor)138,139

(Ramsey interferometry)
160,161

(Bennett)37

(many-worlds
interpretation)137

(Venona Project)36
(Hardy's paradox)120
(pre-measurement)129
(Hamilton operator)
171,172,173,174

179

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(Malus' law)6,8
(Shannon)49
(Mach-Zehnder
interferometry)156
(nuclear magnetic
resonance, NMR)161

magnet)153

(teleportation)
77,79,80,81,82,83,84,87,177
(Einstein)
93,96,97,174,175,176,177
(empiricism)101

(local hidden variables)

101

(Wigner)21

(local)101

(violation of local

(rationalism)101

realism)101

(detection loophole)
105
(continuously many)
168

(loopholes)104

(Entropy)49

(local variables)175,176

(selected states)149,155

(quantum bit error

rate)44
63

(harmonic oscillator )
174

77,81
(no-signaling)83

-(Stern-Gerlach

(Rosen)93

180

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Valerio Scarani, Lynn

Chua, Shi Yang Liu ; .
., 2012.01

Six quantum pieces : a first

course in quantum physics
ISBN 978-957-11-6534-9 ()
1.
331.3
100027327

5BF4

Six Quantum Pieces:

A First Course in Quantum Physics
Valerio Scarani, Lynn Chua, Shi Yang Liu






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