This presentation is for the use of APG school students only
MAPPING
Page 407-412
Prepared by Ms. Zahraa AlMoamen
What is a mapping?
Inputs A mapping is something which maps
an input value to an output value.
-1 -1 Outputs
0 1
1.7 4.4
f(x) = 2x + 1
2 5
3.1 7.2
... ...
The domain is the set of possible inputs. The range is the set of possible outputs.
What is a mapping?
We can also illustrate a mapping graphically, where the 𝑥 axis is the
input and the 𝑦 axis is the output 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑦
where 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥
What is a function?
A function is: a mapping such that every element of the domain is mapped to
exactly one element of the range.
Notation:
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑓: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 + 1
Function? y
y
For each value of 𝑥
For each input (𝑥 value), (except 0), we get two
we only get one output (𝑦 values of 𝑦!
value)
x
x
Y✓
es
✓
No
One-to-one vs Many-to-one
While functions permit an input only to be mapped to one output, there’s nothing
stopping multiple different inputs mapping to the same output.
Type Description Example
Many-to-one Multiple inputs can map
function to the same output.
f(x) = x2
2 e.g. f(2) = 4
4
f(-2) = 4
-2
One-to-one Each output has one
function input and vice versa. f(x) = 2x + 1
5
2
3 7
4 9
Example
𝑦
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2
Sketch:
is an element of 𝑥
Domain: 𝑥∈ℝ
…the set of real numbers
We can use any real number as the input!
Range: 𝑓 𝑥 ≥0
The output has to be positive, since it’s been squared.
Type: Many-to-one
Bro Tip: Note that the domain is in terms of 𝑥 and the range in terms of 𝑓 𝑥 .
Test Your Understanding
𝑦
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 Sketch:
𝑥
Domain: 𝑥≥0
Presuming the output has to be a real number, we
can’t input negative numbers into our function.
Range: 𝑓 𝑥 ≥0
The output, again, can only be positive.
Type: One-to-one
1 2 3
Function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 Function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 Function 𝑓 𝑥 = log 2 𝑥
Domain 𝑥∈ℝ Domain 𝑥∈ℝ Domain 𝑥>0
Range 𝑓 𝑥 ∈ℝ Range 𝑓 𝑥 >0 Range 𝑓 𝑥 ∈ℝ
Type One-to-one Type One-to-one Type One-to-one
4 Function 1 5 6 Function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = Function 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝑥 Domain 𝑥 ≠ 180𝑘 − 90, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ
Domain 𝑥≠0 Domain 𝑥∈ℝ
Range 𝑓 𝑥 ∈ℝ
Range 𝑓 𝑥 ≠0 Range −1 ≤ 𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1
Type Many-to-one
Type One-to-one Type Many-to-one
