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Central Processing Unit

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Mulugeta Eneyew
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40 views6 pages

Central Processing Unit

Uploaded by

Mulugeta Eneyew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Central Processing Unit (CPU) A piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer

program It performs the basic arithmetical, logical and input/output operations of a computer system
The CPU is like the brains of the computer. Every instruction, no matter how simple, has to go through
the CPU Components: Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)performs simple arithmetic and logical operations.
Control unit (CU)manages various components of the computer. It reads and interprets instructions
from memory and transforms them into a series of signals to activate other parts of the computer. The
control unit calls upon the arithmetic logic unit to perform the necessary calculations. Cacheserves as
high speed memory where the instructions can be copied to and retrieved. Early CPUs consisted of
many separate components but since 1970s, they have been constructed as a single integrated unit
called a microprocessor. CPU is a specific type of microprocessor CPUs are located on the
motherboard. Motherboards have a socket for this which is specific for a certain type of processor A
CPU gets very hot and therefore needs its own cooling system in the form of a heatsink and/or fan

ALU is where the calculations occur but how do these calculations actually get carried out? A
computer the world consists of zeros and ones inside a processor. We can store zeros and ones using
transistors. These are microscopic switches that control the flow of electricity depending on whether the
switch is on or off. The transistor contains binary information. A '1' of a current pass through and a '0'
if a current does not pass through. Transistors are located on a very thin slice of silicon. A single silicon
chip can contain thousands of transistors. A single CPU contains a large number of chips combined.

Combined these only cover about a square inch. In a modern CPU however that square inch can hold
several hundred million transistors. The very latest high-end CPUs have over 1 billion. Calculations are
performed by signals turning on or off different combination.

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