Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Hot and Cold Spots on the CMB

Are they due to ISW?

Istvn Szapudi1 , Ben Granett1 , Mark Neyrinck2 & Pter Ppai1

1 Institute 2 Johns

for Astronomy, University of Hawaii Hopkins University

Summer School/WS on RS and LSS, Beijing, June 13-24

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Outline

Linear ISW

The Imprint of Superstructures

Coldspot Analysis/Observations

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Integrated Sachs-Wolf Effect

Photons passing through changing gravitational potentials are becoming slightly hotter or colder TISW where d d , d

d(x) (x) d = [(1 + z)D1 (z)] d (1 + z) d

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Linear ISW as a Signature of DE

In a at, matter dominated universe D1 = 1/(1 + z), There is a linear effect if M = 1, e.g., CDM If the universe is at (e.g., from CMB), linear ISW effect signals Dark Energy Caviat: there can be a non-linear effect as well

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

The SDSS DR6 LRG catalog and WMAP5/WMAP7

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Potential reconstruction
First we calculate local density using a Voronoi tessalation (adaptive smoothing) Then we some the potential contributed by each galaxy (r) = Gcr,0 m (1 + zmed ) c2 V (zi ) Vi |r ri |

Survey is projected to median redshift z = 0.52 Derivative of potential is calculated by reprojecting to the appropriateredshift using linear growth function Finally. raytracing through the linear potential derivative eld We expect that our TISW = (1/bg )TISW
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

(true)

(LRG)

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Potential map corresponding to the LRG catalog

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Max. Likelihood/Matched Filter

if Y = X plus some noise (here the CMB) Maximum likelihood gives
1 XC Y , = YC 1 Y

(1)

with variance 2 = (YC 1 Y )1 , where C is the CMB (noise) cov. matrix is related to the bias (and any numerical factors missed in the prediction) looks like an optimal sum over a two-point quantity

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Detection Signicance from Potential Map

Map Q Coadd V Coadd W Coadd Q FG reduced V FG reduced W FG reduced MCMC ILC Amplitude 2.96 1.71 3.33 1.71 3.01 1.71 3.43 1.71 3.52 1.71 3.20 1.71 3.75 1.71 4.33 1.67

1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.6

Fully consistent with previous measurements

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Higher than CDMprediction

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Finding Superstructures (100Mpc scales)

The magic of Voboz

Voboz/Zobov algorithms to nd supervoids and superclusters int the LRG catalog Cutting out the highest signal-to-noise areas (simple weighting) Photometric redshift information is used Actual realization of the galaxy (DM) eld is used Linear use of the data Possibility of localizing the signal, especially if there is a non-linear component

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Supervoids and Superclusters

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Back to the Basics: Image-stacking

Granett, Neyrinck, & Szapudi 2008, ApjL, 68, L99-102

Two different Monte Carlos to determine signicance: agree within 2%

I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Detection signicance
Robust against number, radius, color.

N 30 50 70 50 50 50 50 50

Radius 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

T K 11.1 9.6 5.4 8.4 9.3 9.6 9.2 7.8

T / 4.0 4.4 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.8

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Fluctuations at the tail from SDSS

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

New approximation based on constrained realization

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Coldspot
Non-Gaussian area (Vielva etal 2004, Cruz etal 2005) unlikely at the 0.5% level (Cruz etal 2006) Zhang & Huterer *2009): skeptical view T 70 K 5 area Rudnick etal 2007: hint of a supervoid in the NVSS (debated by Smith & Huterer 2008) Inoue & Silk (2007): 200 h1 Mpc void with = 0.3 Many other ideas (e.g., SZ, textures, Cruz etal 2008 for review) We performed observations with CFHT Megacam to test a 100 h1 Mpc void at z < 1
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Spot Finding

200
36 200 36

200
200

K
36 200

Galactic latitude

Galactic latitude

56 66 76

56 66 76

Galactic latitude

46

100

46

100

46 56 66 76

100

100 200

100 200

100 200

199

Galactic longitude

204

209

214

219

199

Galactic longitude

204

209

214

219

199

Galactic longitude

204

209

214

219

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Hierarchical pixelization
Polarization!

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Signicance of the Cold Spot

Polarization!

Table 4.1 Cold spot signicance centered on l = 209, b = 56.6 Temp. and polarization Temperature only R T (K) TCR (K) |T TCR |/CR TCR (K) |T TCR |/CR 6 91.4 28.0 17.8 3.6 27.1 17.8 3.6 65.1 15.6 17.0 2.9 13.8 17.0 3.0 8 10 47.6 5.9 16.5 3.2 5.9 16.5 3.2 12 31.4 31.6 16.5 3.8 35.5 16.3 4.1 8.1 34.7 16.3 2.6 40.4 16.1 3.0 15

4.3

Case study: the Cold Spot

I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Signicance of the Rudnicks Cold Spot

Polarization!

Table 4.2 The signicance of Rudnicks Spot on the CMB Temp. and polarization Temperature only R T (K) TCR (K) |T TCR |/ TCR (K) |T TCR |/CR Corrected 6 82.3 37.3 17.9 2.5 36.5 17.9 2.6 2.1 3.0 11.3 16.9 3.1 2.7 8 63.1 13.1 16.9 10 46.8 1.2 16.5 2.9 1.2 16.5 2.9 2.5 12 31.6 14.2 16.4 2.8 18.5 16.3 3.1 2.7 32.6 16.2 2.9 38.0 16.0 3.3 3.0 15 15.2

In summary, we nd evidence at the 3 level that the NVSS underdensity located by Rudnic

is associated with the Cold Spot on the CMB. We arrive at this conclusion by xing the center o
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

the structure and estimating the deviation of the region around it on the CMB. Although we remai

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Signicance of Superstructures
no polarization yet

temperature at voids and clusters T TCR (K ) Voids 9.4 2.8 Clusters 7.3 2.8 (Clusters Voids)/2 8.4 2.0

(T TCR )/ 3.4 2.6 4.3

signicances with the constrained realization method

I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Coldspot Area

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Individual Density Maps

Figure 5.11 Large structures are evident in the projected densities including two clusters at z=0.6
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Individual Structures
Field A, z = 0.6 a cluster, conrmed by visual Field B, z = 0.2, strong 60% drop in counts, a 2.8 uctuation Field F shows low counts overall, especially in the two low-z bins. Likely to cause the NVSS feature Oscillation in D might be enhanced by anticorrelations, but the underdensity at z=0.6 appears to be real In general, there is more variation then cosmic variance would suggest: many elds deviate more than 2 in at least one bin Caviat: the lowest and highest z bin might be the most uncertain
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Bayesian Inversion of the Density with MCMC

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Marginalized Likelihood

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Combined Fields

a = 0.3 100 h1 Mpc void would correspond to a density drop of b = 0.45 this would show up at z = 0.6 as a drop of 15% We rule out a void of 200 h1 Mpc = 0.3 at 105 level in the high z bins at z = 0.4 it is ruled out only at 7 103 Finally the low redshift bin shows a signicant underdensity

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

The Low Redshift Bin (Combined Fields)

in terms of cosmic variance a deviation of 20% is only 2.3 It is seen in A,B,D,F, but not in the adjacent E We cannot conclusively detect a supervoid The data are consistent with a 160 h1 Mpc = 0.3 void that would do the trick We will have Pan-STARRS data in the future that will decide Note that the our previous supervoid measurement appear to indicate that the signal might be higher than our LCDM estimate

I. Szapudi

Spots on the CMB

Linear ISW The Imprint of Superstructures Coldspot Analysis/Observations

Summary
www.ifa.hawaii.edu/supervoids for more

Methods: ray tracing of potential maps, stacking, and constrained realization. Over 2 detection of the linear ISW: c.f. and potentia maps Signal from superstructures over 4 very robustly and consistent with linear ISW from concordance model Our Coldspot measurements do not support the existence of a 200 h1 Mpc supervoid on redhifts 0.3 < z < 0.9 and it is unlikely that one would hide at z > 1 A hint of a large low redshift void that could be a reason for the Coldspot, however, we cannot make a robust statement with the present data Pan-STARRS 6 for linear ISW + superstructures+ Cold Spot
I. Szapudi Spots on the CMB