Name: James Matthew Lomongo Date:

Program: BSAM 2J1 Score

Activity 2.3 Elementary Mathematical Logic

I. Given p and q, express the following compound propositions as a sentence: p: 𝑛2 + 1 is an
even number. q: 𝑛 is an odd integer.

1. ~𝒑 𝑛2 + 1 is not an even number

2. 𝒒 𝑛2 + 1 is not an even number or 𝑛 is an odd integer
3. ~𝒒 𝑛2 + 1 is an even number and 𝑛 is not an odd integer
4. 𝒒 → 𝒑 if 𝑛 is an odd integer, then 𝑛2 + 1 is an even number
5. ~𝒑 ↔ ~𝒒 𝑛2 + 1 is not an even number if and only if 𝑛 is not an odd integer
II. Complete the following truth table and supply necessary columns to create tautology,
contradiction, and logically equivalent propositions.

𝒑 𝒒 𝒓 𝒑→𝒒 )⟷𝒓 𝒒 ~𝒒 𝒑 ~𝒑 ~ )⟷
~𝒓
T T T T T T F T
T T F T F T F F
T F T F F T F F
T F F F T T F T
F T T T F T F F
F T F T T T F T
F F T T F T F F
F F F T T T F T

III. Determine the truth value of each of these statements if the domain consists of all integers.
State your reason.
1. ∀𝑥, (𝑥2 > 𝑥) NO TRUTH VALUE / FALSE

Since “𝑥 > 𝑥” is only true for all integer x except 1 and 0, because (1 2) > (1)
and (02) > (0) is false. Thus, is false and 𝑥= 1 and 𝑥=0 is a
counterexample.
2. 𝑥, (𝑦 < 𝑦/2 - 1) TRUTH VALUE IS -3

Since “𝑦 < 𝑦/2 - 1” is sometimes true to all integers, for example (-3 < -3/2 -
1). Thus, 𝑥, (𝑦 < 𝑦/2 - 1) is true for 𝑦= -3.
3. 2
𝑦, (𝑦
≠ 𝑦) NO TRUTH VALUE/ FALSE
Since “𝑦 𝑦” is only true for all integer 𝑦 except 1 and 0, because (12
and (02 is false. Thus, is false and 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑦 =0 is a
counterexample.

4. ∃𝑥, 𝑦, (4𝑥 > 5𝑦) where 𝑥 < 𝑦 TRUTH VALUE FOR X=-6 AND Y=-5

Since “4𝑥 > 5𝑦” is sometimes true to all integers, for example so (4(-6) > 5(-5)). Thus, ∃𝑥,
𝑦, (4𝑥 > 5𝑦) is true for 𝑥= -6 and 𝑦= -5.

5. ∀𝑥, 𝑦, (𝑥𝑦 > 0) where 𝑥 = 𝑦 NO TRUTH VALUE/ FALSE

Since “𝑥𝑦 > 0” is only true for all integer except 0, because (0(0) > 0) is false.
Thus, ∀𝑥, 𝑦, (𝑥𝑦 > 0) is false and 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 =0 is a counterexample.