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2012 Exam

TASC Physics Exams

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Atifur Khan

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

20 views66 pages

2012 Exam

TASC Physics Exams

Uploaded by

Atifur Khan

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PLACE LABEL HERE

TASMANIAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

PHYSICS
Senior Secondary

Subject Code: PHY315109

External Assessment

2012

Part 1

Time: approximately 45 minutes

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide a
result on the following criterion taken from the course statement:

Criterion 5 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of Newtonian Laws

including gravitational fields.

Section Total
/40

Pages: 16
Questions: 5
©
Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than
the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.
Physics – Part 1

BLANK PAGE

Page 2
Physics – Part 1

CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You MUST ensure that you have addressed ALL of the externally assessed criteria on this
examination paper.

Answer ALL questions. Answers must be written in the spaces provided on the examination paper.

Note:

When candidates are asked to ‘show that’ an answer to a question is ‘about’ a numerical value given to
one or two significant figures:

• A candidate should provide their own answer to three significant figures (unless told otherwise
in that question).

• A candidate whose answer rounds off to the given answer should continue to use their own three
significant figure answer in any subsequent questions requiring this answer.

• A candidate whose answer is significantly different from that given by the examiner should use
the one or two significant figure answer given by the examiner in answering subsequent
questions.

This examination is 3 hours in length. In total it is recommended that you spend approximately 45
minutes answering the questions in this part.

The 2012 Physics Information Sheet can be used throughout the examination.

No other written material is allowed into the examination.

All written responses must be in English.

A set of spare diagrams has been provided in the back of the answer booklet for you to use if
required.

If you use a spare diagram, you MUST indicate you have done so in your answer to that
question.

Page 3
Physics – Part 1

Question 1 For
Marker
Cadel Evans, an Australian road cyclist, won the ‘Tour Use
Only
de France’ road cycling race in 2011. The race has flat
stages as well as mountain stages, typically in the
foothills of The Alps and Pyrenees. Evans is renowned
as an excellent hill-climber.

Cadel Evans has a mass of 67 kg and his bike 7.0 kg. Elite athletes can generate energy at a
rate of 800 W for a sustained period or 2.0 kW for a short burst.

On one mountain stage, the riders ascended to a mountain crest before descending again.

(Assume that, on the ascent, the frictional forces can be ignored.)

(a) (i) Show that, if Evans is generating power at a sustained output of 800 W, while
travelling at a constant road speed on a 10˚ climb, his vertical height is increasing
by about 1 ms!1 . (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) What is his road speed in km h !1 ? (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

(b) At the top of a 7.0˚ climb, riders sprint to cross the peak first for bonus points.
If Evans is generating 2.0 kW for a short period, show that his maximum possible speed
is about 22 ms!1 . (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 1 continues opposite.

Page 4
Physics – Part 1

Question 1 (continued) For

Marker
At one point on the descent, without pedalling, Evans achieved a constant speed of 30 ms!1,
Use
Only
on a section with a decline of 15˚.

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Explain why the total frictional force acting up the incline when Evans is at this speed is
about 190 N. (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) Determine the rate at which energy is being dissipated by the total frictional force.
(1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 5
Physics – Part 1

Question 2 For
Marker
In competition cycle road racing, riders often fall at corners due to sliding. Cyclists rounding Use
Only
a corner rely on friction between the bike’s tyres and the road. While cornering, the
maximum frictional force possible is approximately 40% of the weight of the bike and rider.

This diagram shows a top-view of a cyclist rounding a corner.

(a) On the diagram above, show the direction of the net force on the cyclist, who is
travelling at a constant speed. (1 mark)

(b) If a 90 kg cyclist is rounding a corner which is an arc of a circle of radius 50 m, find the
maximum speed the cyclist can maintain without sliding. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 2 continues opposite.

Page 6
Physics – Part 1

Question 2 (continued) For

Marker
(c) Cyclists riding alone can choose their own path to negotiate a bend. On the diagram Use
Only
below, show the path that allows maximum speed. Explain your reasoning. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 7
Physics – Part 1

Question 3 For
Marker
Use
The Shot Put is an event in the Olympic Games. In the men’s event, a 7.26 kg ‘shot’ is ‘put’ Only
at an angle and speed to maximise the horizontal distance. The men’s world record, set in
1990, is 23.12 m.

In a recent competition, a shot was released from 2.30 m above the ground at a speed of
13.9 ms!1 and at an angle to the horizontal of 42.0˚.

(a) Complete the diagram, showing the path of the shot. (1 mark)

(b) Determine the maximum height above the ground reached by the shot. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

Question 3 continues opposite.

Page 8
Physics – Part 1

Question 3 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(ii) Show that the time of flight of the shot was about 2.1 s. (2 marks) Only

....................................................................................................................................

(d) Determine whether this throw would have set a new world record. (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 9
Physics – Part 1

BLANK PAGE

Page 10
Physics – Part 1

Question 4 For
Marker
Use
A water-powered jet-pack worn by a ‘flyer’ has recently Only
been developed. This jet-pack is driven by a motor and
pump mounted in a small boat. A large flexible hose leads
to the jet-pack worn by the flyer.

(a) In one particular unit, the pump delivers 49 litres of water per second to the jet-pack.
The jet of water is supporting 120 kg of person and equipment in a fixed position.
1.0 L of water has a mass of 1.0 kg.
Calculate the speed at which the water is being ejected from the jet nozzle. (3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Assuming a long enough hose is available, state a factor that would limit the height to
which this flyer can rise. Explain your reasoning. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

You can
• change the speed of the water without changing the amount of water per second, or

• increase the amount of water per second without changing its speed.
Which is the more efficient option? Justify your choice. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
/7
.............................................................................................................................................

Page 11
Physics – Part 1

Question 5 For
Marker
Use
Stella and her crew, space-travellers from Earth, visit the planet Minerva in a distant planetary Only
system. A year on Minerva is equal to 200 Earth-days. One day on Minerva is
12 Earth-hours.

Mass of Earth = 5.97 !10 24 kg

Radius of Earth = 6371 km
Radius of Earth’s orbit = 1.50 !108 km

(a) The mother-ship of Stella’s crew continually orbits Minerva every 100 minutes at an
orbital radius of 4500 km.

Show that the mass of Minerva is about 1.5 !10 24 kg. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

To her surprise, Stella finds that her weight on the surface of the Minerva is the same as it
was on Earth even though Minerva has a different radius.

(b) Using your result from part (a), find the radius of Minerva. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 5 continues opposite.

Page 12
Physics – Part 1

Question 5 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(c) Stella and her fellow-travellers decide to launch a communications satellite that is Only
stationary relative to Minerva’s surface (‘geo-stationary’).

(i) Calculate the radius of orbit of the satellite. (3 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) One crew member suggests putting the geo-stationary satellite in orbit over their
base camp mid-way between Minerva’s equator and North ‘Pole’. Using the
diagram, explain why this is not possible. (2 marks)

North
Pole

Base camp

....................................................................................................................................

(d) Another planet, Adonis, orbits Minerva’s sun, Zen, with an orbital radius twice that of
Minerva. What is the length of one ‘year’ on Adonis? Give your answer in Earth-days.
(2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
/11
.............................................................................................................................................

Page 13
Physics – Part 1

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 2 (a)

Question 2 (c)

Page 14
Physics – Part 1

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 5 (c) (ii)

North
Pole

Base camp

Page 15
Physics – Part 1

BLANK PAGE

Q
This question paper and any materials associated with this examination (including answer booklets, cover
sheets, rough note paper, or information sheets) remain the property of the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.

Page 16
PLACE LABEL HERE
TASMANIAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

PHYSICS
Senior Secondary

Subject Code: PHY315109

External Assessment

2012

Part 2

Time: approximately 45 minutes

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide a
result on the following criterion taken from the course statement:

Criterion 6 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles and

theories of electricity and magnetism.

Section Total
/40

Pages: 16
Questions: 6
©
Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than the
Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.
Physics – Part 2

CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You MUST ensure that you have addressed ALL of the externally assessed criteria on this examination
paper.

Answer ALL questions. Answers must be written in the spaces provided on the examination paper.

Note:

When candidates are asked to ‘show that’ an answer to a question is ‘about’ a numerical value given to
one or two significant figures:

• A candidate should provide their own answer to three significant figures (unless told otherwise in
that question).

• A candidate whose answer rounds off to the given answer should continue to use their own three
significant figure answer in any subsequent questions requiring this answer.

• A candidate whose answer is significantly different from that given by the examiner should use the
one or two significant figure answer given by the examiner in answering subsequent questions.

This examination is 3 hours in length. In total it is recommended that you spend approximately
45 minutes answering the questions in this part.

The 2012 Physics Information Sheet can be used throughout the examination.

No other written material is allowed into the examination.

All written responses must be in English.

A set of spare diagrams has been provided in the back of the answer booklet for you to use if
required.

If you use a spare diagram, you MUST indicate you have done so in your answer to that question.

Page 2
Physics – Part 2

Question 6 For
Marker
Use
Air is usually regarded as an insulator. However, when air is Only
exposed to a sufficiently strong electric field strength, the molecules
of the air are ionised and the air can rapidly become a conductor as
evidenced by sparks.

Lightning strikes can occur when the field strength is between

2 and 3 million Vm !1 ; the exact value depends on the level of
moisture in the air.

A particular lightning strike was 5.0 km long from cloud to ground

and 30 000 amperes flowed for 20 milliseconds.

(a) What was the minimum potential difference of the clouds relative to the ground?
(2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) How much charge was transferred? (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 3
Physics – Part 2

Question 7 For
Marker
Two electric charges A and B are placed on a west-east axis and are separated by 2.5 cm. Use
Only

A is +3.0 !10 "9 C and B is !3.0 "10 !9 C.

X
E

A B

(a) Calculate the force that A exerts on B. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Point X is 2.0 cm from both charge A and charge B.

(b) Specify fully the electric field strength at point X due to A. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 7 continues opposite.

Page 4
Physics – Part 2

Question 7 (continued) For

Marker
(c) Sketch the electric field pattern in the region around A and B. (2 marks) Use
Only

A B

Page 5
Physics – Part 2

Question 8 For
Marker
Use
Ernest Rutherford identified and named α, β and γ particles. He determined their charges by Only
passing the particles through an electric field.

An alpha particle (helium nucleus) travelling at 3.0 !10 7 !ms"1 is projected between two
parallel plates. The plates have a potential difference of 150.0 kV, with the lower plate being
positive; they are 1.5 cm apart and each is 5.0 cm long.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -
α
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+
(a) On the diagram, draw the electric field lines in the space between the plates. (1 mark)

(b) Determine, and specify fully, the electric field strength between the plates. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Determine the electric force on the alpha particle. (1 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Determine the acceleration of the alpha particle. (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 8 continues opposite.

Page 6
Physics – Part 2

Question 8 (continued) For

Marker
(e) Find the time taken for the alpha particle to traverse the region between plates. (1 mark) Use
Only
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(f) What will the vertical displacement of the alpha particle be as it leaves the plates?
(2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 7
Physics – Part 2

Question 9 For
Marker
Use
Two electrical transmission cables, C and D, are 0.15 m apart and carry currents of 1500 A Only
respectively into and out of the page (as shown). Point P is 8.0 m to the right of cable D.

up page
QQ
right

X 8.0 m P
0.15 m •
C D
(a) What is the total magnetic field strength at position P? (3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Point Q is 1.0 m directly above the mid-line between the two cables as shown. What is
the direction of the magnetic field at that point? No calculations are needed but justify
your answer. (2 marks)

Question 9 continues opposite.

Page 8
Physics – Part 2

Question 9 (continued) For

Marker
(d) On the diagram below, sketch the magnetic field pattern around the cables. (1 mark) Use
Only

× •
C D

Page 9
Physics – Part 2

BLANK PAGE

Page 10
Physics – Part 2

Question 10 For
Marker
Use
Formula 1 racing cars have a wing above the rear wheels that causes a down force to aid Only
traction. The wings are often made of graphite, a form of carbon that is a conductor.

A car with a 2.2 m wing is travelling southwards at 70.0 ms!1 . Assume that the wing is
electrically insulated from the rest of the car.

Albert Park in Melbourne is the site of Australia’s Formula 1 race; the Earth’s magnetic field
there has a strength of 6.0 !10 "5 T and an angle of dip of 68˚.

ground

South

(a) On the diagram above, sketch the Earth’s field in the region of the car. (1 mark)

(b) Calculate the emf which would be generated between the tips of the wing. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 11
Physics – Part 2

Question 11 For
Marker
Use
Before human space travel, fears were expressed about the dangers of travel through the Van Only
Allen radiation belts. These are caused by charged particles trapped in the Earth’s magnetic
field.

A proton in the solar wind travelling at 2.3 !10 5 !ms"1 strikes the Earth’s magnetic field at
right angles to the field. The field strength in this region is 45 µ T .

(a) On the diagram, show the expected path of the proton after it enters the region of the
magnetic field. Only a small portion of the field is shown. (1 mark)

(b) Calculate the force on the proton. (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 11 continues opposite.

Page 12
Physics – Part 2

Question 11 (continued) For

Marker
Charges seldom strike the field at right angles. Use
Only
North
geographic
pole

(d) (i) On the diagram above, mark in the direction of Earth’s magnetic field lines.
(1 mark)

(ii) Clearly indicate the path of the proton in the diagram above as it interacts with the
magnetic field. (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

Page 13
Physics – Part 2

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 8

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -
α
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+

Question 9 (a)

up page
QQ
right

X 8.0 m P
0.15 m •
C D

Question 9 (d)

× •
C D

Page 14
Physics – Part 2

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 10

ground
South

Question 11 (a)

Question 11 (d)(i)

North
geographic
pole

Page 15
Physics – Part 2

BLANK PAGE

Page 16
PLACE LABEL HERE
TASMANIAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

PHYSICS
Senior Secondary

Subject Code: PHY315109

External Assessment

2012

Part 3

Time: approximately 45 minutes

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide a
result on the following criterion taken from the course statement:

Criterion 7 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the general principles

of wave motion.

Section Total
/40

Pages: 16
Questions: 5
©
Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than the
Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.
Physics – Part 3

BLANK PAGE

Page 2
Physics – Part 3

CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You MUST ensure that you have addressed ALL of the externally assessed criteria on this examination
paper.

Answer ALL questions. Answers must be written in the spaces provided on the examination paper.

Note:

When candidates are asked to ‘show that’ an answer to a question is ‘about’ a numerical value given to
one or two significant figures:

• A candidate should provide their own answer to three significant figures (unless told otherwise in
that question).

• A candidate whose answer rounds off to the given answer should continue to use their own three
significant figure answer in any subsequent questions requiring this answer.

• A candidate whose answer is significantly different from that given by the examiner should use the
one or two significant figure answer given by the examiner in answering subsequent questions.

This examination is 3 hours in length. In total it is recommended that you spend approximately
45 minutes answering the questions in this part.

The 2012 Physics Information Sheet can be used throughout the examination.

No other written material is allowed into the examination.

All written responses must be in English.

A spare set of diagrams has been provided in the back of the answer booklet for you to use if
required.

If you use the spare diagrams, you MUST indicate you have done so in your answer to that
question.

Page 3
Physics – Part 3

Question 12 For
Marker
Use
An incoming pulse is shown for a string with a fixed end and for a string with a free end. Only

(a) Show, on the diagrams, how each pulse will behave after it has reflected. (2 marks)

Fixed end 
Incoming pulse

Reflected pulse

Free end

Incoming pulse

Reflected pulse

(b) The diagram below shows the larger size of the pulse during the reflection process at the
free end.

Pulse at the free end

In terms of Newton’s Laws, explain the larger size of the pulse at the free end. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) A 2.5 m rope of mass 200 g is subject to a tension of 120 N.

Calculate the speed of a pulse down the rope. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 12 continues opposite.

Page 4
Physics – Part 3

Question 12 (continued) For

Marker
Use
A stockwhip is often made of leather strips plaited together and Only
tapering to a very small tip.

A pulse travels down the whip when the stockman flicks his whip
hand. The ‘crack’ of a whip is a mini sonic boom as the tip of the
whip exceeds the speed of sound.

STOCKWHIP
(d) By referring to your answers in parts (a), (b) and (c) as needed, explain why a relatively
slow speed of the whip hand can create a very high speed at the tip of the whip.
(2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 5
Physics – Part 3

Question 13 For
Marker
Use
Earthquakes result from sudden displacements within the Earth’s crust. This movement Only
generates seismic waves which propagate through the Earth outwards from the source. There
are two important types of seismic wave: P (primary) and S (secondary).

The P-waves travel faster than S-waves and thus P-waves arrive at a distant observer first
(hence primary). In granite, P-waves travel at around 5000 ms!1 : S-waves travel at around
60% of that.

P-waves are a compression (longitudinal) wave: S-waves are transverse. S-waves are more
damaging, and the earlier arrival of P-waves may provide warning that an S-wave follows.

(a) Describe the motion of the particles of rock for each wave type. A diagram may enhance
your answer. (2 marks)

(i) P-wave ............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) S-wave ...........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 13 continues opposite.

Page 6
Physics – Part 3

Question 13 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(b) For earthquakes occuring relatively close to an observer, the waves travel directly to the Only
observer.

An observing station detects P-waves from a shallow earthquake and then S-waves
12.0 seconds later. The S-wave is observed to have a frequency of 1.5 Hz.

(i) What was the distance between successive crests of the S-wave? (1 mark)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) How far away did the earthquake occur? (3 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

Question 13 continues over the page.

Page 7
Physics – Part 3

Question 13 (continued) For

Marker
Use
Consider the P-waves. Only

For more distant earthquakes, the waves may pass through deeper parts of the Earth and
undergo reflection and refraction before reaching an observer.

The Earth is composed of several main parts, two of which are the mantle and the core.

An earthquake at Z sends out seismic waves in all directions. Two possible paths m and n are
shown.
X

m n

Z
core mantle

(c) The observer at X detects two P-waves (m and n).

(i) Consider the shape of path n. Does the refractive index of the mantle increase or
decrease with depth? Explain your reasoning. (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) Despite following a longer path, the wave with path n arrived at X before the wave
with path m. Explain. (1 mark)

....................................................................................................................................

Question 13 continues opposite.

Page 8
Physics – Part 3

Question 13 (continued) For

Marker
Use
At the mantle-core boundary, there is a sudden discontinuity. The core is considered as being Only
liquid, with P-waves having a higher speed in it than they do in the mantle.

(iii) Another possible wave path q is shown. On the diagram below, draw in two likely
paths for the motion of the wave after it strikes the boundary. (2 marks)

/11

Page 9
Physics – Part 3

Question 14 For
Marker
Use
This question is looking at Total Internal Reflection, which forms the basis for Optical Fibres Only
which are widely used in today’s communication.

The diagram below shows light passing along a block of glass of refractive index 1.52. The
light is totally internally reflected at the walls of the glass. The angle of incidence between
the light beam and the walls of the glass is 58˚, as shown.

58˚

(a) What is the speed of light within the glass? (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) When the glass is immersed in water of refractive index 1.34, it is found that, instead of
reflecting off the glass wall, the light is refracted through the wall into the water. Show
that the refracted angle is about 74˚ in this case. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) While the glass is immersed in the water, what is the minimum value of the angle of
incidence for the light to be totally internally reflected into the glass? (3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
/6
.............................................................................................................................................

Page 10
Physics – Part 3

Question 15 For
Marker
Use
In a Young’s double-slit experiment, red light of wavelength 600 nm and blue light of Only
wavelength 450 nm are both passed through thin parallel slits a distance 0.2 mm apart. The
resulting fringe pattern is observed on a screen which is 0.5 m from the slits.

(a) For each colour of light, what is the distance between the bright fringes? (2 marks)

Red light: ...........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Blue light: ..........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Both wave patterns, of course, have a maximum brightness at the centre of the screen.
Show that the two wave patterns will again reach a maximum together at a distance of
4.5 mm from the central fringe. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
/5

Page 11
Physics – Part 3

Question 16 For
Marker
Use
A piano tuner is using a 262 Hz tuning fork to assist in tuning Only
a piano string. When the tuner plucks the string and strikes
the tuning fork, the tuner hears a beat frequency of 2 Hz.
When the tuner decreases the tension of the string slightly,
the beat frequency increases to 3 Hz.

(a) What was the original frequency of the piano string? Explain your reasoning. (3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) When the string is tuned to the 262 Hz fork, what is the frequency of the string’s
rd
3 harmonic? (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 16 continues opposite.

Page 12
Physics – Part 3

Question 16 (continued) For

Marker
Use
A pipe, closed at one end, plays a note with the same fundamental frequency as the fork. Only

(c) In the first of the diagrams below, sketch the wave pattern of the fundamental of the
organ pipe, clearly showing any nodes and anti-nodes. End correction effects can be
ignored. (1 mark)

(d) Calculate the length of the pipe. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) (i) Find the frequency of the 5th harmonic of the pipe. (1 mark)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) Sketch this 5th harmonic in the second diagram below. (1 mark)

Fundamental 5th harmonic

/10

Page 13
Physics – Part 3

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 16 (e)(ii)

Fundamental 5th harmonic

Page 14
Physics – Part 3

BLANK PAGE

Page 15
Physics – Part 3

BLANK PAGE

Page 16
PLACE LABEL HERE

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

TASMANIAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

PHYSICS
Senior Secondary

Subject Code: PHY315109

External Assessment

2012

Part 4

Time: approximately 45 minutes

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide a
result on the following criterion taken from the course statement:

Criterion 8 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the particle nature of

light and atomic and nuclear physics.

Section Total
/40

Pages: 16
Questions: 5
©
Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than
the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.
Physics – Part 4

BLANK PAGE

Page 2
Physics – Part 4

CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You MUST ensure that you have addressed ALL of the externally assessed criteria on this
examination paper.

Answer ALL questions. Answers must be written in the spaces provided on the examination paper.

Note:

When candidates are asked to ‘show that’ an answer to a question is ‘about’ a numerical value given to
one or two significant figures:

• A candidate should provide their own answer to three significant figures (unless told otherwise
in that question).

• A candidate whose answer rounds off to the given answer should continue to use their own three
significant figure answer in any subsequent questions requiring this answer.

• A candidate whose answer is significantly different from that given by the examiner should use
the one or two significant figure answer given by the examiner in answering subsequent
questions.

This examination is 3 hours in length. In total it is recommended that you spend approximately
45 minutes answering the questions in this part.

The 2012 Physics Information Sheet can be used throughout the examination.

No other written material is allowed into the examination.

All written responses must be in English.

Page 3
Physics – Part 4

Question 17 For
Marker
Use
To study the photoelectric effect, students use the apparatus shown which consists of: Only

• a light source
• filters that allows only certain frequencies to pass
• a plate of metal X and collector electrode in a vacuum
• a variable DC source, voltmeter and ammeter.

The students used the filters to allow light of different frequencies to shine onto the metal
plate. They measured the stopping voltage (VS), which is just enough to prevent emitted
electrons reaching the collector.

Incoming
light

filter

e– A
Metal

The data set that the students collected is shown in the table and graph below.

Frequency (x 1014 Hz) Stopping voltage (VS)

6.0 0.50
6.6 0.80
7.2 1.10
8.0 1.50

14
f( ! 10 Hz)

Question 17 continues opposite.

Page 4
Physics – Part 4

Question 17 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(a) What value for Planck’s constant would the students have determined from their graph? Only
Include a unit. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Use the graph to determine the work function for the metal plate. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) How would the graph on the previous page change if a metal Y, of work function 1.5 eV,
were used instead? Illustrate this on the graph. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Light of frequency 9.5 !1014 Hz is shone onto metal Y.

Determine the maximum energy of an escaping photoelectron. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
/8

Page 5
Physics – Part 4

Question 18 For
Marker
Use
In the medical physics unit of a hospital, cancer cells may be killed by using a beam of Only
either high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. Both X-rays and gammas are ionising
electromagnetic radiation; the X-rays can be produced by accelerating electrons in a
Coolidge tube and the gammas obtained from a radioisotope such as Co-60. The rays are
concentrated into a narrow beam focussed on the target.

(a) In terms of safety, convenience and flexibility, give two reasons why the use of X-rays
may be preferred to gammas. (Assume that X-rays and gammas have the same effect on
cancer cells.) (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

In a particular Coolidge tube, electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of 150 kV.

(b) Show that the minimum wavelength of X-rays emitted by this tube is about 8 !10 "12 !m .
(2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) What is the momentum of an X-ray photon of this wavelength? (1 mark)

.............................................................................................................................................

Question 18 continues opposite.

Page 6
Physics – Part 4

Question 18 (continued) For

Marker
Use
One of the ways in which the X-ray photon interacts with the cells of the body is by Compton Only
scattering. The X-ray photon in part (b) strikes a free electron. This free electron recoils at
8.9 !10 7 !ms"1 .

(d) Calculate the energy of the photon after the collison. (3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) What is the wavelength of this new photon? (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

/10

Page 7
Physics – Part 4

Question 19 For
Marker
Use
The diagram shows some important energy levels for the outermost electrons in a Only
mercury atom.

n= ! 0 eV
n=5 –1.56 eV
n=4 –2.44 eV
n=3 –3.71 eV
n=2 –5.52 eV

n=1 –10.38 eV

(a) Show that the wavelength of light emitted when an electron transitions from the
n = 3 state to the n = 1 state is about 190 nm. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) A mercury atom in its ground state is bombarded by electrons of energy 7.0 eV.

(i) On the diagram show possible electron transitions immediately after this
bombardment. (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) What light frequencies will be observed? (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................

Question 19 continues opposite.

Page 8
Physics – Part 4

Question 19 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(c) Describe what will happen if the mercury in the ground state is bombarded by Only
7.0 eV photons. Explain. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 9
Physics – Part 4

Question 20 For
Marker
Use
The Mars Curiosity Rover landed on the surface of Mars on 6 August this year after a journey Only
from Earth lasting about eight months. The Rover is powered by a radioisotope
thermoelectric generator (RTG) fuelled by plutonium-238 (Pu-238).

At the start of the mission, the decay of the plutonium released 2.0 kW of heat energy. This
released energy is converted into about 125 watts of electricity.

Pu-238 is a pure alpha-emitter with a half-life of 87.7 years. Another radioisotope is

radium-226 (Ra-226); it emits alphas, betas and gammas and has a half-life of 1600 years.

(a) What are the characteristics of Pu-238 which make it far more suitable for this mission
than, for example, Ra-226? Justify your answer. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

For the remaining questions, the following isotopic masses are required.
Pu-238 238.049 553
U-234 234.040 952
He-4 4.001 506

(b) Show that a single Pu-238 decay releases about 6.6 MeV. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) By converting your answer to part (b) to joules, show that the initial activity of the
Pu-238 on board Curiosity was about 1.9 !1015 Bq. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
Question 20 continues opposite.

Page 10
Physics – Part 4

Question 20 (continued) For

Marker
Use
(d) What is the decay constant of the Pu-238? (1 mark) Only

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) Calculate the initial mass of Pu-238 put on board Curiosity for its eight-month journey.
(3 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

/10

Page 11
Physics – Part 4

Question 21 For
Marker
Use
Gallium-67 (Ga-67) is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 78.26 hours. It has been widely Only
used in medical diagnosis as a tracer, particularly for cancer of the lymph system. Gallium
3+
has a tendency to ‘seek out’ cancer cells. A radioactive Ga salt is injected intravenously;
the emitted gamma rays are imaged using a gamma camera.

A dose of 250 MBq is administered for a later imaging session.

(a) When the first scan is made 36 hours after administering the isotope, 30% of the gallium
is expected to have been lost from the body in urine.

Show that the expected activity of the isotope remaining in the body when the first scan is
made is about 130 MBq. (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The patient is advised to avoid close contact with others (e.g. don’t cuddle or hold young
children) until the activity has dropped below 5.0 MBq.

How long after the first scan will it take to reach this safe level? (Assume that no more of
the radioisotope has been lost in bodily functions.) (2 marks)

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 12
Physics – Part 4

SPARE DIAGRAMS

Question 17

14
f( ! 10 Hz)

Question 19

n= ! 0 eV
n=5 –1.56 eV
n=4 –2.44 eV
n=3 –3.71 eV
n=2 –5.52 eV

n=1 –10.38 eV

Page 13
Physics – Part 4

BLANK PAGE

Page 14
Physics – Part 4

BLANK PAGE

Page 15
Physics – Part 4

BLANK PAGE

Page 16
PHYSICS (PHY315109)
2012 External Examination Information Sheet

Prefixes Gravity, Kepler's Law

–11 -2
T — tera 1012 G = 6.67 x 10 Nm2 kg"2 , g = 9.81 ms
G — giga 109 G m1 m2
Fg = mg , F = 2
M — mega 106 g r
TASMANIAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

!
k — kilo 103 def
F GM
g = , g=
c — centi 10-2 m r
2

m — milli 10-3 ! 2 3
2 4" r
T =
µ — micro 10-6 GM
n — nano 10-9
! !
Electrostatics
p — pico 10-12 kE = 9.00 x 109 Nm2 C "2
f — femto 10-15 !
e = 1.6 x 10–19 C
Trigonometry Identities !
-31 –27
opposite adjacent me = 9.11 x 10 kg, mp = 1.67 x 10 kg
sin " = cos ! =
hypotenuse hypotenuse
def FE k EQ V
opposite E = , E= , E=
tan " = q 2 d
r
adjacent
!
a b c 2 2 2 k E q1 q2
= = c = a + b ! 2ab cos C FE =
sin A sin B sin C 2
r
! ! "E p
V =
Motion in a Straight Line, Momentum, Force, q
!
Centripetal Force
! Magnetism
v = u + at
! -7 #2
s = ut + 12 at 2 k B = 2 " 10 NA

2as = v 2 " u 2 FB = IlBsin"

!
p = mv FB = q vBsin"
! !
"mv ! kB I
! Fnet = = ma B =
"t r
!
! k B I1 I 2 l
mv 2 4 " 2 mr FB =
Fc = = ! r
r T2
! m vsin "
v2 4" 2 r r =
ac = = ! qB
! r T2
E
v =
! Work, Energy and Power B
!
W = "Energy = Fs cos# Induction
emf = v lBsin "
E p = mgh EK = 1
2
mv 2 !
! V = IR
W
P = P = VI
t !
! !

! Page 1 of 2
Oscillations, Waves Quantum
-1 –34 -15
c = 3.00 x 108 ms h = 6.63 x 10 Js = 4.14 x 10 eVs
-1 –19
Speed of sound in air at 200C = 344 ms
e = 1.6 x 10 C
1 E = hf
f =
T
E K ( max) = eV = hf " W
v = "f
!
h
"i = "r p =
! !
!
"
sin " i v
= i = n
sin " r vr Nuclear
!
n i sin " i = n r sin " r me = 9.11 x 10–31 kg = 0.000549 amu
!
! "x mp = 1.67 x 10–27 kg = 1.007276 amu
W =
d
! mn = 1.67 x 10–27 kg = 1.008665 amu
T
v= Mass to energy conversion: 931 MeV = 1 amu
! µ
26
NA = 6.02 x10 (kg mole)
" = 2l
E = m c2
! dN
" = 2l " = #N = A
! ! dt
0.693
" =
T1
! " = 4l 2
!
N A Count Rate
= e"#t = =
! No Ao Orig Count Rate
!
mN A
N =
M
EM spectrum
!

Page 2 of 2

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