INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANCY ARUSHA

NATURE OF ASSIGNME: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAMME: BCS II
MODULE NAME: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CODE: ITU 07321
FACILITATOR: MUNGO’NG’O (DR HENRY).
SEMISTER: ONE
ACADEMIC YEAR:2024/2025
PROPOSAL TITLE: EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL INTILLIGENCEY
TOWARDS AFRICAN DEVELOPMENTS. CASE STUDY DODOMA-
TANZANIA
 CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing industries across the world, and Africa is no
exception. The integration of AI technologies into various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture,
education, finance, and governance offer significant potential for economic growth and
development. The African continent, with its unique challenges, stands to gain tremendously
from AI's transformative capabilities. However, the application of AI in African countries is still
at an emerging stage, with varying levels of technological adoption and awareness.

Dodoma, the capital city of Tanzania, has been experiencing rapid growth in infrastructure and
development. As Tanzania's administrative hub, Dodoma has the potential to become a model
city for AI integration in the African context. The government of Tanzania has prioritized the use
of technology and innovation to accelerate development, and AI is increasingly being considered
as a tool to address key issues, including poverty, healthcare access, and education.

Despite the excitement surrounding AI, there are challenges related to its adoption, such as
access to education, infrastructure, data availability, and the risk of AI exacerbating inequality.
This research aims to explore how AI can shape the development of Dodoma and assess its
potential effects on various sectors of the economy. Through this case study, we will seek to
understand the benefits, challenges, and implications of AI for the region and broader African
development.
1.2 Statement of the Problem

The African continent faces significant development challenges, including poverty, inadequate
infrastructure, limited access to quality education, and poor healthcare systems. With these
challenges, traditional development approaches have often been insufficient in addressing the
continent’s issues. Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a unique opportunity to address these
concerns and drive sustainable development across African nations. However, despite the
potential benefits of AI, its effects on African development remain underexplored, particularly in
emerging cities like Dodoma, Tanzania.

In Dodoma, there is limited empirical research on the impact of AI technologies on local

development, which hinders effective policy-making and resource allocation. While AI has
shown promise in sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and education, there is a lack of
comprehensive understanding regarding its potential effects on economic growth, social equity,
and governance within the Tanzanian context. This research, therefore, aims to explore the
effects of AI on development in Dodoma, with a focus on how it influences economic
opportunities, social inclusion, and technological advancement in the region.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

This research seeks to assess the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the development of
Dodoma, Tanzania. The study aims to examine the influence of AI in various sectors and how its
adoption can support or hinder the city’s development trajectory. The objectives of the study are
divided into two categories: general objectives and specific objectives. These objectives
provide a comprehensive framework for the study's investigation into AI’s impact on economic,
social, and governance aspects in Dodoma.
1.3.1 General Objective of the Study

The general objective of this study is to assess the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the
overall development of Dodoma, Tanzania, with a focus on key sectors such as agriculture,
healthcare, education, and governance. The study will evaluate AI’s role in promoting
sustainable economic growth, improving public service delivery, and enhancing social inclusion,
while considering the challenges that might arise from its integration into Tanzanian society.

Example:

 In the healthcare sector, AI could be used to improve medical diagnostics. For instance,
AI-powered systems can analyze medical images faster and more accurately than human
doctors, thereby improving the quality of care. This, in turn, could contribute to better
health outcomes and enhance the overall quality of life for the population in Dodoma.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives are designed to break down the general objective into clear, measurable
goals that will guide the research process. These objectives will focus on the impact of AI in
different sectors, addressing both the potential benefits and the challenges. Below are the specific
objectives, each explained in greater detail with examples:

[Link] To Explore the Current State of AI Adoption in Dodoma and Its Impact on Key
Sectors of the Economy

This specific objective seeks to investigate how AI is currently being adopted in Dodoma,
particularly in agriculture, healthcare, education, and governance. Understanding the extent of AI
integration within these sectors will help to determine its contribution to local development.
Examples:

 Agriculture: AI tools like precision farming techniques can help farmers in Dodoma
improve crop yields and manage resources efficiently. For instance, AI-based systems
can analyze soil conditions and weather patterns to predict the best times to plant and
harvest crops, leading to better agricultural output.
 Healthcare: AI applications such as AI-assisted diagnostic tools are being used in
hospitals and health centers to provide faster and more accurate diagnoses. In Dodoma,
such tools could help doctors detect diseases like malaria or tuberculosis more quickly,
improving patient care and reducing healthcare costs.
 Education: AI is being used in educational platforms to personalize learning experiences.
In Dodoma, AI-powered tools can be used to deliver tailored educational content to
students, helping those who struggle with traditional teaching methods and improving
learning outcomes.

By exploring AI adoption in these sectors, this objective will provide insights into the degree of
technological penetration in the local economy and its effects on productivity and efficiency

[Link] To Assess the Potential of AI in Enhancing Economic Opportunities and Social

Development in Dodoma

The second specific objective is to assess how AI can open up new economic opportunities and
foster social development in Dodoma. This involves evaluating how AI technologies could
enhance the local economy, create jobs, and improve access to essential services, particularly for
marginalized groups.
Examples:

 Economic Opportunities: AI has the potential to revolutionize industries by creating

new markets and business models. For example, AI could help local businesses in
Dodoma automate routine tasks, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. Small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Dodoma could use AI-based software to streamline
their operations, allowing them to compete in the regional or global market.
 Job Creation: While AI may lead to job displacement in certain sectors, it also has the
potential to create new job categories, such as data analysts, AI engineers, and digital
marketers. By fostering AI-related industries, Dodoma can create new employment
opportunities and reduce unemployment in the region.
 Social Development: AI can also support social development by improving access to
healthcare, education, and other social services. For instance, AI-based telemedicine
platforms can provide remote consultations, enabling people in rural areas of Dodoma to
access medical care without needing to travel long distances. Additionally, AI-powered
platforms can support distance learning, offering educational opportunities to students
who may not have access to quality education.

This objective will investigate how AI can be harnessed to drive inclusive growth, improve the
quality of life for residents, and reduce disparities within Dodoma.

[Link] To Identify Challenges and Barriers to AI Adoption in Dodoma and Suggest

Possible Solutions

Despite its potential, AI adoption faces several challenges and barriers in many developing
countries, including Tanzania. This objective aims to identify the specific challenges that
Dodoma faces in adopting AI technologies and propose solutions to overcome these obstacles.
Examples:

 Infrastructure Limitations: Dodoma, like many parts of Tanzania, faces significant

challenges in terms of digital infrastructure. Poor internet connectivity, limited electricity
access in rural areas, and lack of modern data centers could all hinder the adoption of AI.
For instance, AI-driven tools like cloud computing or data analysis platforms require
stable internet access and reliable power supply, both of which might be limited in
Dodoma.
 Skills Gap: There is a shortage of skilled workers who are proficient in AI technologies
in Tanzania. Many AI-related jobs require advanced training in machine learning, data
science, and coding, areas where educational systems in Dodoma may need to be
strengthened. For example, local professionals might struggle to work with AI software
due to limited technical expertise.
 Financial Barriers: The cost of AI adoption can be prohibitive for both private
businesses and public institutions in Dodoma. Small businesses may not be able to afford
the high upfront costs of AI tools and training programs. In healthcare, hospitals and
clinics may struggle to implement AI diagnostic systems due to their high cost.
 Social Resistance: In some cases, communities may be resistant to AI adoption due to
fears about job displacement or lack of understanding about the technology. In Dodoma,
there may be skepticism regarding AI’s potential benefits, particularly in rural areas
where traditional practices are more deeply ingrained.

By identifying these barriers, this objective will provide recommendations for overcoming the
challenges, such as public-private partnerships, training programs, and infrastructure
investments.
[Link] To Evaluate the Implications of AI for Governance, Including Data Privacy, Policy,
and Ethical Concerns

This specific objective focuses on assessing the role of AI in governance, specifically in areas
like policy development, data privacy, and ethics. As AI systems are increasingly used in
decision-making processes, understanding their governance implications is crucial for ensuring
that AI is deployed responsibly.

Examples:

 Data Privacy: As AI relies on vast amounts of data to function effectively, there are
concerns about how personal and sensitive data is handled. In Dodoma, the use of AI in
public services (e.g., healthcare, education, and policing) must ensure that citizens'
privacy is protected. For example, an AI system used to track public health trends might
collect personal health data, and there must be clear guidelines on how this data is stored
and shared.
 Policy Development: AI can be a tool for improving policymaking by providing data-
driven insights. However, there is a need for policies that govern AI's use in public
services to prevent misuse, such as discriminatory algorithms or lack of transparency in
AI-driven decisions. Dodoma’s local government might use AI to improve traffic
management or urban planning, but without proper governance, such technologies could
inadvertently harm marginalized groups.
  Ethical Issues: Ethical concerns, such as algorithmic bias, are prevalent when AI systems
are used to make decisions that affect people's lives. For example, if AI is used in hiring
practices or determining eligibility for social services, it must be ensured that the
algorithms are not biased against certain groups based on gender, ethnicity, or
socioeconomic status.

1.4 Research Questions

1. How is AI being adopted in Dodoma, Tanzania, and what sectors have shown the most
promise in utilizing AI technologies?
2. What are the potential benefits of AI in enhancing economic development, job creation,
and access to services in Dodoma?
3. What challenges do local stakeholders face in implementing AI, and how can these
barriers be overcome?
4. How does AI impact social inclusion, especially in terms of education, healthcare, and
gender equity in Dodoma?
5. What role can AI play in improving governance in Dodoma, particularly in terms of
transparency, efficiency, and citizen engagement?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons:

1. Policy Development: The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for
policymakers in Tanzania and across Africa on how AI can be integrated into national
development strategies.
2. Sustainable Development: By exploring the potential benefits and challenges of AI, this
research aims to contribute to the sustainable development agenda in Dodoma and other
Tanzanian cities.
3. Education and Awareness: The study will raise awareness about AI's potential to
address local challenges in key sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and education.
 4. Global Contribution: The research will contribute to the global discourse
5. on AI’s role in developing countries, offering lessons learned from Tanzania’s
experiences.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study will focus on the city of Dodoma, Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the following
sectors: agriculture, healthcare, education, and governance. The time frame of the research will
span from 2023 to 2024, covering both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The
research will not explore other Tanzanian cities or the broader African continent, as its primary
aim is to provide an in-depth case study of Dodoma.
 CHAPTER TWO:
Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary field that combines computer science, data
analytics, and cognitive science to create machines capable of performing tasks that traditionally
require human intelligence. These tasks include decision-making, speech recognition, image
processing, and problem-solving. The rapid advancement of AI has the potential to disrupt and
transform economies, industries, and social structures globally. In Africa, however, AI's potential
is often underappreciated or misunderstood, with adoption hindered by challenges such as a lack
of infrastructure, skilled labor, and investment. This literature review examines the impact of AI
on African development by discussing its role in key sectors, barriers to adoption, and its
potential for driving sustainable development.

2.2 AI and Economic Development in Africa

AI can offer significant economic benefits to African nations by improving productivity, creating
new industries, and facilitating the development of digital economies. According to the World
Bank (2020), AI has the potential to add $315 billion to the African economy by 2035. AI
technologies can enhance agriculture through precision farming, optimize energy usage, and
enable more efficient logistics systems. For instance, in Kenya, AI has been used to help farmers
predict weather patterns and optimize planting schedules, leading to increased crop yields.
Similarly, AI in the healthcare sector has the potential to address the shortage of medical
professionals in Africa, as AI-driven diagnostic tools can assist doctors in providing better
patient care.
2.3 AI in Agriculture

Agriculture is a critical sector for many African nations, providing employment for over 60% of
the continent's population. In Tanzania, agriculture accounts for about one-quarter of the GDP.
AI technologies, such as machine learning algorithms and satellite imaging, can improve crop
yields, reduce waste, and increase food security. In Dodoma, AI-based systems could assist local
farmers with pest control, irrigation management, and crop disease detection, thus improving
food production and economic resilience.

2.4 AI in Healthcare

The healthcare system in Tanzania, like many African countries, faces significant challenges
such as a shortage of medical professionals, inadequate infrastructure, and high disease burden.
AI can offer solutions by enhancing diagnostic capabilities, predicting disease outbreaks, and
improving the efficiency of healthcare services. AI-powered tools, such as diagnostic imaging,
telemedicine, and predictive analytics, can improve access to healthcare, especially in rural areas
like Dodoma, where medical facilities are limited. For example, the use of AI in the diagnosis of
tuberculosis and malaria in Tanzania has already shown promise in improving treatment
outcomes.

2.5 AI in Education

Education in Tanzania faces numerous challenges, including high dropout rates, limited access to
quality education, and a shortage of teachers. AI can help address some of these issues by
providing personalized learning experiences and improving access to education through online
platforms. AI-driven educational tools, such as adaptive learning systems and language
translation apps, could enhance learning outcomes for students in Dodoma, especially in remote
and underserved areas.
2.6 Barriers to AI Adoption in Africa

Despite the promise of AI in Africa, several barriers hinder its widespread adoption. These
include limited infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, regulatory challenges, and data privacy
concerns. In Dodoma, the lack of reliable internet connectivity, especially in rural areas, poses a
significant challenge for the implementation of AI-based solutions. Additionally, there is a
shortage of skilled workers in the field of AI, which limits the development and application of AI
technologies.

2.7 Ethical and Governance Issues of AI in Africa

AI introduces ethical and governance challenges, particularly in terms of data privacy, security,
and accountability. In Tanzania, there is a need for clear regulatory frameworks to guide the
ethical use of AI technologies. Issues such as data ownership, informed consent, and the
potential for AI to perpetuate bias and inequality require careful consideration. A robust
governance framework is essential to ensure that AI contributes positively to social inclusion and
equitable development.

2.8 Conclusion

In conclusion, this research proposal seeks to assess the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on
the development of Dodoma, Tanzania, by evaluating its role in key sectors such as agriculture,
healthcare, education, and governance. With the global rise of AI technologies, understanding
their impact on a developing city like Dodoma is critical to fostering sustainable development,
promoting economic growth, and addressing social disparities. Through the objectives outlined,
the study aims to provide a holistic analysis of AI’s potential to transform the local economy and
society while identifying the barriers that may limit its successful adoption.
2.8.1Addressing the Challenges

While AI presents substantial opportunities, the adoption of AI in Dodoma and Tanzania at large
faces significant challenges. These include technological and infrastructure limitations, a lack of
skilled human capital, financial barriers, and social resistance to new technologies. Overcoming
these obstacles will require strategic investments in education, infrastructure, and public-private
partnerships. Additionally, fostering a culture of innovation and building local capacity through
training programs will be essential to ensuring that the benefits of AI are accessible to all
segments of society.

2.8.2 Ethical and Governance Considerations

The study will also focus on the ethical and governance implications of AI. With AI being
integrated into public services and decision-making, ensuring that AI systems are fair,
transparent, and free from bias is crucial. Policymakers will need to create regulations that
govern AI applications to protect citizens' data privacy and prevent unethical uses of AI
technologies. This will ensure that AI contributes to sustainable development in ways that are
aligned with ethical principles and human rights.

2.8.3 Policy Recommendations for Sustainable AI Integration

The final contribution of this research will be to offer recommendations for policymakers and
stakeholders on how to leverage AI to promote sustainable development in Dodoma. These
recommendations will focus on fostering an enabling environment for AI adoption, which
includes building infrastructure, creating supportive policies, and encouraging collaborations
between the public and private sectors. A strong focus will be placed on making AI accessible
and beneficial to all residents, particularly marginalized communities, to ensure that no one is
left behind in the AI-driven development process.
REFERENCES

 Research articles and journals on AI and development in Africa can provide up-to-date data
and case studies. Journals like the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, AI & Society, and
The African Journal of Information Systems often publish articles on AI’s impact in African
contexts.

 Reports from international organizations such as the World Bank, United Nations
Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) often provide insights into AI adoption and digital
transformation in African countries.