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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
103 views20 pagesMachine Practical With Answer
enginering hepfull
Uploaded by
Shaikh AwaizCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Procedure:
1. Make connections
2. First,
as shown in circuit diagram, key
elt "80 changer of transformer ¢ kept in the
are kept open.
3.
Switch on the mains, note the Voltmeter readi on primary and Secondary side.
Raise the tap changer of transformer by one position and repent
5 Repeat the same for esch rake {ap position separately
P the supply off
lowest position and Secondary terminals,
Observation Table
Primary tap | Secondary tap | Primary voltage secondary voltage | Tu
jot 50% 30% 225 a7
50% 86.6% aur aie
\ 3, 50% 100% iy iS
» 4. 86.6 % 30% ae a 0-69
5 36.6% 36.6% ae ae vt
ot
6 36.6 % 100 % 226 abo 1 s
°
* NO
7, 100% 30 ae 248
8 100% 86.6% 25 13
9. 100 % 100% 226 22s
Calculations:
The turns ratio ofa transformer
K=Vs/'Vp
i arravsfomer
Conclusion: ae Lo dhe ati of the
ered the
—Hene Wwe
el
Primary winding Ao the Seconclemy wineling
Ma
se €e n elp ident su Such as
aM +es+ h identify issues Suc
| \ H
oy! tums a ymanu fc hunny defects
shorts! ‘ Procedure:
1
2.
3.
Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
Connect single phase supply across A and As terminals
Take reading of voltmeter. If V < Ei (Le. V = EB, -
Ep), the polarity is additive, otherwise if
V> Ey (ie. V=E; +2), the polarity is subtractive
Observation Table:
Pe Input Voltage (Voits) | Voltmeter reading (Volts) Polarity
3 224.86 126 Additive
[2 230.0 ry Additive
Conclusion:
= Herne we know thet single Phere pransformer wondny
Conechy which fs crite for yneimening She safely
and vite veliobility of erecbicel system
Post Lab Questions:
1. What are the different polarities of transformer?
=SaPokrities of dresformer
© Adlditive folorits
Subiachve foterity
Phase sequence. fetnity /
2. What is the condition of additive polarity?
— Wve. same terminal’ of the primary and Fhe
Seconclerry sindings of jhe havsformey are connected
is celled aclditive fotenlty.
3. What is the condition for subtractive polarity
-_—— DConditions far oddichve Polamty.9
2) same firechion Gf inclia:
2)Tdentical Aevmingls Yrevking s
3) Same Phase Seq weve
4) Dot Polavity —> Same polarity
5) Same _uoltese — Palenity i
=When +hese _Conclitiwn Av med. +h
Jyene forme 1 til to he _adlditve polarity
and the Uoltaye iacluceel im dl econdary coil
me aclded An the Srey vig
Conditions for _suldyackiv Polerty
Fe! oppaite distin —af Winding =
opposite terminal Markings
> Sarne Pras Teguete
4) offusite _Voltaye gultrity
s) Del Polarity i> The Dot Palavity a# the.
Ccondeay windings must be oppasite. » The Dat unclicar te:
the Polat of the. winding Theory:
circuit
current, with o
OC Test: The m:
freasformer which is helpfial in findiny
Primary and secondary kept open. Sin
Will flow and it will be 5 to 10
directly the Iron losses (core losses).
SC Test: The main aim of this t
finding the Roi, Xo, Zo, efficiency and regulation of the
Will be short circuited an
Transformer is a static device whi
ch transfers electrical power from one circuit to another
cither by step up oF step down the voltage with Corresponding decrease increase in
the
changing the frequency.
aim of this test is to determine the iron losses & No = load current of the
generally supply will be given to
sinall current (magnetizing current
‘lteter connected in primary will give
% of full load current. The w.
ext is €0 determine the full load copper losses which are helpful in
transformer. Generally low voltage side
\d supply will be given to high voltage side & it will be of 5-10% of the
‘cted in primary will give directly the full load copper losses of
‘The reading should be multiplied by a factor called the “Multiplying Factor”.
Multiplying factor of wattmeter = Cittent range * Voltage range.
Full scale reading of wattmeter
Precautions:
4,
Procedure:
Auto Transformer (Dimmer stat
closing & opening DPST Switch,
1m OC test, rated voltage should be applied to the Primary
In SC test, the Dimmer stat should be varied up to the rate
The Dimmer stat should be varied slowly & uniformly,
') should be in minimum voltage position at the time of
of the Transformer.
sd load current only.
A. Open Circuit test:
5.
6
7.
8
9,
B. Short Cireuit test:
vRen
Connections are made as per the citcuit diagram,
After checking the minimum position of Autotransformer, DPST swi
Auto transformer variae is adjusted to get the rated pri
Voltmeter,
Auto
itch is closed.
y volta
Ammeter and Wattmeter readings on primary side are noted.
'sformer is again brought to minimum positio
il DPST switeh is opened,
Connections are made as per the circuit d
Afler checking the minimum position of Autotranstormer, DPST switch is elosed.
Auto transformer variue is adjusted to get the rated primary current
Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings on primi
n
ary side are noted,
‘Auto transformer is again brought to mininnum position and DPST switeh is opened.
Observation Table:
A. Open Circuit test:
B Short Circuit tests
Voc Toc Woe Vse
Ise Wee
r3oy |o.18A | tow ley ws | én. Percentage regulation
oy _ ¥XIsc(Ro2cosbtXo2 sind) x100
WR =
>
lagging
Jjeading
Where. is the load and it is | for full load, % for half load, % for 75 % load, & % for 25%
load ete, and the power factor is, 0.8 p.f lagging, unity and 0.8 pF leading
Conclusion:
-fom hese tosh vecon find efficiency and
regulation of cr xX'mev Withoud ereetQehucr hy
loading of transformer.
Post Lab Questions:
1. What are the main parameters of the equivalent circuit?
The main Rmametos of an equivalent claus
tnctueles— ial
YResistene rTneluctnee 3) Telearl Aras former. uy pI
2. What is the other name of O.C Test?
> OfeN circuit test obo Called as Wo lood test
3. What is the purpose of O.C Test?
—> Purpuse of of OC test. O determine the tansfoomers core
loss @ Delemmine the. transformers Core Chonarcters tics
4, What is the purpose of S.C Test?
> Panpuse of hansormer- Mesure the -hasformess copper
loss-© pelomine, the. hunsformer's efficiency
QO@dekrmine the hansformer imgendance, I 1
5. Why transformer power rating isin kVA?
— > vA ts aunit of apparent Power which
Combines yeuclve cmd actucil fower and
hansbrmer losses ce. indlegendant of
Power factor so thet -yansformers are
yateel in kv. Page No, ( if 7
Pee Ue, iol. (Po! I Date :
x *
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Frseeeciseeiscsccseeited Desi ke aseckokokokokskak el intel e) Rete ston Connections.
Belle sie | Connedtion
A 9
F) Scott Connections
Q a
Be fe
c Observation Table:
Rated speed of generator N
Resistance of field =
Field Current ture Voltage |
1r(Amps) 0 (Volts)
‘Model Graph:
Fo.
volts
se= AB x rated speed
Meld current
Calculations:
Critical resistance Re = A Ey / 4 1p =
Critical speed Ne = AB/ AC x Rated speed =
Conctusion:
~ By Fevferming AWS Praticel we study Het selection
and clesigy, CK icienc Of Hire tion Performace
Megnetiretion
*. Jenenaluy 2
1+ What i critical resistance of a de shunt generator? &
2. What is critical speed of'a de shunt generator?
3. How will you bring the DC generator to its rated speed?
4. What will happen if connections of the shunt field winding are interehan
d
‘shy
cr Procedu
AL Ari lure voltage Control Method:
‘The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
By adjusting the field sheostat, the field cur
Then by varying the armature voltage, th
‘nt is kept at constant value,
ate voltage and speed.
. Field Control Method:
Conney ade
per the
1
2. By adjusting the armature rheostat, the armature voltage is kept at constant value,
3. Then by varying the field current, the different speeds are tabulate
4. The procedure is repeated and graph is plotted between field currer
and speed.
Observation Table:
A. Armature voltage Control Method:
Ou) Amp O03 Amp |tn= Amp
T
ature | sca w | Avmature | coceg w | Armature | Sieeq
Voltage | SPN | “Voltage Plas) Voltage | x fm)
va volts) | “P™ | v. (volts) V, (Volts)
Tt] wo [yay | 24o | rar
190 1326 15D 16
10° YoU 160 164g.
wo | 1438 | Wo | 1660
130 | 1729
190_| 18? BO ye
190_| 1660 | 190 118
1750 | woo | 97%
sfaju)jslelr
avd
B. Field Control Method:
Wyo Volts | Var
= 160 Volts | Va=
Vat Field a ield
re Speed N ‘urrent | >
No | Current (rpm) | 4, (Amp) _ A (Amp) |
1(Amp) |
0-4 |nso | ow } 64) —
O35 3 co_| O36 | 1480} —
>.3_| ro | 6% | oo) _———
oar | iy | oer | gt | —___-——
1 | ee | 0% oe
OAge| 1016 | ——|
| on! 85 | 13uo_ |
[ee
\alejelefeley- &
3
Speed N (rpm)
_—
A
,
LS
yp
//
Conclusion:
be study drat the
"A slaty to device to stud ancl
Here . ‘onbol ts a. device +o staf
rota cid Stop the moto whit tervting De
mats i} cle the ‘heady current Uhich olamoge Hr
amotey Th tavity aeclures the ewy Curren} ancl
Proteds Ihe System from olcrmay
RS
SRR Rk este sk skate
PEE EP I
>
@
C
3-Poink Starter: :
= 3 Qeink shakey is a dlevice hase main furiclion
lating ane! vaeinteiiny the sped“ of the 0c shunt
master The 3 point _Skuvkey Comedtt the! vesistae in
With te _civuld hich recluces the high stervtin: ay
ment ond hewe pwiects Phe machine —_clamese — mainly
Vinee renin Pains !
Dl is the lennon a¢ Line tevminuh
DA is the known as cwmehire teyminol.
D Fi iy known as the fier —fenminal
E
hice ern
E
ps
b
w
KE:
> ae O graded pesiskine R do timit Yh
caegee The Handle His kept in Yhe aff
Pring s. “Th Hamel | His prenuctly paver
‘eins! the yavtoy anal when it makes Conta}
With resistance stucl ane the wot is said to be in
ctavt position Tn dhis inal position th fietel
Win ling of the mMotsy yecewes tre full syppy vol toye.
# and Ike qvmature. Cunent limited! 40 acentein save value Lieu
inte
Fae RHEE Jeislosiataioieiedeteae
‘Fesistenee (Re Raed oe
ry
BR
fT
Lye
a
one
.
Derevisnecursechsassassencernoveseessnteveses
aK Stortin
resi stare
No volt coil
3° Point . Stader
em Aomerkine glavbin idence
# fied Vinding, Sete uel the shal
Jt ——D= A Veviohle resistance. end the stunt Ler
x Winding.
# D= Holling Cait and the Current limiling sesidun
£ With dhe _abwe mee aha, dh Onungmenty
Hof the cuit there will beng sft an the cuwent
Fthmwh the totding coil if there it ony Unison
in speed af the mui. mE x aay,
TERR skate
*
RRA ok kee
é
€
&
-
Chane.
heccuce dhe roo Circuits
Other.
KKK RARER ER EAA
in fietd cunent af the. moby This ts
Ove _inclepenclint af each
KK: PageNo.( ) Date :
So i eect ese ak attest JRE ae sea ea kas sk ak
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