Experiment No.
03
Extraction and identification anthraquinone glycosides from
Aloe
Synonyms:
Kanwar gandal
Family:
Liliaceae
Botanical origin:
Drug consist of dried latex of leaves of Aloe barbadensisor Aloe ferox or Aloe Africana.
Aloe yields not less than 50 % of water-soluble extractives.
Morphology:
Aloe is a succulent, xerophytic perennial plant containing thick, fleshy leaves and there are
spines of the margins. It is nearly stem less or very short stemmed plant attaining height of 30-60
cm.
The leaves are 30-60 cm long and 5-10 cm wide. Leaves are crowded in rosette form. Margin of
leaves are serrated and have white teeth. Parenchymatous cells contain juice which are
surrounded by mucilaginous cells.
The color of leaves is from green to greyish green. The color of dried drug is greenish brown,
dark brown or blackish brown. The color of flower is yellow or red. The drug has strong
characteristics, sour or nauseatic iodoform like or apple tart like odour.
Chemical constituents:
The drug contains anthraquinone glycosides cumulatively known as aloin. The mixture contains
glycosides like barbaloin, isobarbaloin, aloe emodin. It also contains resins flavonoids and
anthraquinone glycosides possess anthracene or their derivatives. The glycosides yield emodin,
chrysopenic acid and Rhein
Procedure:
Take 1 gm of drug and boil with dil. sulphuric acid (10 to 15 %) and add silica gel.
It was boiled for 2 to 3 minutes, cooled and filtered. The identification test for anthraquinone
glycosides were performed with that filtrate.
Born tragger test:
The filtrate was taken in separating funnel and to that added 10 ml of chloroform. It was shaken
well and allowed to stand until 2 separate layers appeared. Then the organic layer was
collected and to it 5 ml of ammonia solution was added and shaken well than wait for the
appearance of yellowish-brown color.
Borax test:
5 ml of filtrate was taken and 0.5 g of borax was added. It was heated till the appearance of green
color florescence.
Bromine water test:
Solution of filtrate was taken and in its equal quantity of bromine water was added, yellow
precipitates is formed at the end.
Nitric acid test:
2.5 ml of filtrate was taken and to it 1ml of conc. nitric acid was added. Yellowish brown color
appeared.
Uses:
It is used as laxative
Cathartic Skin preparation Endoscopy
Experiment No. 04
Extraction and identification test for glycoside form Senna
leaves.
Synonyms:
Alexandrian Senna (cassia acutifolia) TinnevalleySenna / Indian Senna (cassia angustifolia).
Family:
Leguminosae
Part used:
Leaves and dried ripe fully green seeds (pods).
Botanical orgigin:
Dried leaves or leaflets of cassia acutifolia or cassia angustifolia.
Color:Pale yellowish green leaves with lanceolate shape.
Length:The length of leaves is 2.5-5 cm long and 1 cm wide.
Odour:Odour is faint.
Taste: Taste is mucilaginous.
Procedure:
2-3 g of powdered drug is taken and boiled with 15-30 ml of dilute sulphuric acid 10 % then it is
cooled and filtered. Identification test then performed. Filtrate is then taken in a separate funnel
and to it 10 ml of organic solvent i.e., chloroform is added. It is covered and shaken well
vigorously. It is then allowed to stand for few minutes until two separate layers appear.
Chemical constituents:
It contains anthraquinone glycoside such as;
Sennoside A
Sennoside B
Sennoside C
Sennoside D
The drug also contains mucilage.
Identification test:
Born tragger test:
Filtrate was taken in a separating funnel and to it added 10 ml of chloroform. The lid was
covered and it was shaken well. It was allowed to stand for a few minutes until two layers
appeared. The organic layer was taken and added Ammonia solution to it. Shaken well and
waited for appearance of yellowish-brown color.
Borax test:
5 ml of filtrate was taken and 0.5 g of borax was added. It was heated till appearance of green
color florescence.
Bromine water test:
Solution of filtrate was taken and to it equal quantity of bromine water. Yellow precipitates
formed which showed the presence of anthraquinone glycoside.
Nitric acid test:
2.5 ml of filtrate was taken and to it 1 ml of conc. nitric acid was added. Yellowish brown color
appeared.
Uses:
As laxative and cathartic for constipation.
In skin preparation.
Used to evacuate bowel or colon before endoscopy.
