CH-2 STRUCTURE

We know that our colony needs some dimension so that the colony will be perfect
in size and shape if our colony is oversized it will be difficulty to live in the space
The structure determines it’s rotational stability , shielding mass , living area ,
available and gravity making it important .
 structure should be simple
 structure should be stable
 Structure should have some symmetry

2.1 BASIC SHAPES

There are the mainly shapes used in our space colony are :-
 Sphere
 Cylinder
 Torus
Sphere – A geometrical shape in 3-dimensional shape that is
equidistant from a fixed point and does not have any vertex .

 Area :- 4π( r x r)
 Volume :- 4/3(π x r x r x r)

r – radius

Advantages & Disadvantages of the shape :- Sphere

Advantages Disadvantages
 1. Gravitational stability. Anything 1. The corners, and probably even
massive enough to be a planet the edges, would be in the vacuum
like Earth, but not spherical, is of space.
likely to one day correct that
issue and achieve hydrostatic
equilibrium

Cylinder :- Three-dimensional solid that holds two parallel bases joined by a

curved surface, at a fixed distance.

 Area :- 2πrh+2πr2
 Volume :- π x r² x h

Advantages & Disadvantages of shape :- Cylinder

Advantages Disadvantages
1. For the transmission form, the 1. Potential for leaks. Hydraulic
cylinder as a linear drive can set cylinders rely on hydraulic fluid to
up the required movement function correctly; any leaks can
trajectory at any position in the compromise their performance. It also
space, and the installation and rusts easily .
maintenance are simple

Torus :- a torus is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-

dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanar with the
circle.
  Area:- (2πR)(2πr)
 Volume:- (πr2)(2 πR)

Advantages &disadvantages of shape :-Torus

Advantages Disadvantages
1.The radius of torus is larger than cylinder 1. Future expansion is possible , but
This makes the toroid rotate more slowly requires planning in advance.
which helps with joints and traversing However , if you take the cost of
between fixed and rotating parts. compute nodes into account , the price
difference diminishes.

Capsule :- three-dimensional geometric shape consisting of

cylinder with hemispherical ends. Another name for this shape is spherocylinder.

 Area :- 2πr(2r+h)
 Volume :- πr2(4/3r+h)
Advantages and disadvantages of capsule
 Advantages Disadvantages
1.Ability to survive 1.Huge challenges
reentry and return the technical and economical
paylood to the Earth and also some times
surface fron the orbit difficult to build .
and sub orbit .

Spokes and Holders

Spokes connect to torus with the central hub. They also play an important role
in transportation. The torus are held by holders which are internally connected
to maintain stablity .Each torus have 4 holders and 4 spokes connected to it.

Connectors
Due to the connectors the torus settlements rotates on the same axis with the
same RPM (revolution per minute) in same direction
We can calculate RPM by this formula :-
RPM =r/min
 2.2 SELECTION OF SHAPE AND DESGINING STRUCTURE
To provide the resident hospitable , comfortable , interactional and protective
environment . Providing the people proper environment is not easy task there are
many difficulty are climate change ,pollution ,biodiversity loss etc .To make such
environment takes many steps like Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what
you throw away. Volunteer. Volunteer for clean ups in your community. Educate.
Conserve water etc . One important part of building a proper environment to
build making a proper design and the structure of the colony is necessary. To
make a colony there are few factors are which are important for building of space
Colony are pesudo gravity consideration of rotational stability of the design .In 2.1
basic structure we have explained about all the shapes going to be used in the
space Colony.
2.3 NAMING THE PARTS OF THEIR STRUCTURE AND NAMING THEM
 Habitation zone
 Industrial zone
 Agriculture zone
 Control unit
 Waste management
 Research & development zone
 Recreation & entertainment
 Docking port
Each zone has many different parts which have many importants in human life
and it should be convenient to all the humans living in the colony.
In our colony we have divided all the structure as this:-

2.4 DIMENSIONS

The dimensions in the space Colony tells us how much the area and the
volume is been occupied by the space Colony in the space also the how many
people occupy how much space in the space Colony
 DIMESATION CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT SHAPES IN OUR SPACE
COLONY (π = 3.14)
FOR TORUS :-
TORUS A:- HABITATIONAL ZONE

We have major radius(R)=890m

Minor radius(r)= 150m
Total surface area (STc)= (2πr) (2πR) m2
(2 x3.14 x 150) (2 x 3.14 x 890) m2
= (942) (5589.2)m2
=5265026.4 m2
STc=5.26 x 107 m2

Volume of torus (VTc) = πr2 (2πR) m3

3.14 x (150)2 (2 x3.14 x 890) m3
= 70650 (5589.2) m3
=394876980m3
VTc = 3.94 x10 8m3
TORUS B:- DOCKING PORTS / HABITATION /ENTERTAINMENT
Major radius (R)= 500m
Minor radius(r) =100m
Total surface area (STc)= (2πr) (2πR) m2
(2 x 3.14 x 100) (2 x 3.14 x 500) m2
(628)(3140)m2
=1971920m2
(STc )= 1.97 x106 m2

Volume of torus (VTc) = πr2 (2πR) m3

3.14 x (100)2 (2 x 3.14 x 500) m3
3.14 x 10000 (3140) m3
31400(3140) m3
=98596000 m3
(VTc)=9.85 x107m2

In this space Colony we have accumulating some zones such as :-

1.Resedention zone – 40%
2.Shop and offices –15%
3.school and hospitals –20%
4.Assembly hall/ govt .facilities in space –10%
5. Transportation –5%
6.Open space -10%

Area of residents in space colony is 40% of the

Total area.
S (R) = 40% (STc)
= 40% ×6.310×106 m2
= (4/100) x 6.310 x106m2
S (R) = 25.24×105 m2

Area of Shops and office in the space colony is 15%of the

total area
S (sh/of) = 15% (STc)
= 15% ×6.310×106 m2
= (15/100) ×6.310×106 m2
S (sh/of) = 9.465×105 m2

Area of Schools and Hospitals in space colony is 20%

of the total area
S (sch/hos) = 20% (STc)
= 20% ×6.310×106 m2
= (20/100)×6.310×106 m2
S (sch/hos) = 12.62×105 m2

Area of Assembly halls / Government facilities in space

colony is 10% of the total area
S (a/g) = 10% (STc)
= 10% ×6.310×106 m2
= (10/100) ×6.310×106 m2
S (a/g) = 6.310×105 m2

Area of Transportation in space colony is 5% of the

total area
S (trans) =5% (STc)
=5% ×6.310×106m2
= (5/100)×6.310×106 m2
S (trans) =3.155×105m2

REMAINING 10% FOR OPEN SPACE.

NOTE :- For projected area per person in space colony is 67m2.

 So, There are 340000 people in the space colony
To find projected area occupied by per person is =
67 x 340000 =22780000m2
This amount of area will be occupied by 340000 people in space .
 The Projected area occupied by people in one torus =
22780000 /4 = 5695000m2
(OR)
340000/4 = 85000
85000 x 67 = 5695000m2

CYLINDER :-
For external Bridge
We have radius of cylinder (R)= 50m
Height of cylinder (h)=200m
Total surface area of cylinder (Sc) = 2πR (R + h) m2
2 x3.14 x 50 (50 + 200) m2
= 314 x (250) m2
= 78500 m2
Sc =7.85 x 104 m2
Volume of the cylinder (Vc) = πR2 h m3
= 3.14 x (50)2 x 200 m3
= 7850 x 200m3
Vc= 1570000m3
Vc =1.57 x 106 m 3

SPHERE:
FOR Agriculture / Monitoring system / Transporting system
We have radius of sphere (R)=400m
Total surface Area of sphere (SD/C) = 4πR2 m2
2 x 3.14 x (400)2 m2
6.28 x 160000m2
=1004800m2
SD/C =1.0 x 106 m2

Volume of sphere (VD/C) = 4/3 πR3 m3

4/3 x 3.14 x (400)3 m3
= 267946666.667 m3
V (VD/C) =2.67 x 1011 m3

CAPSULE :-
FOR EVACUATION
Radius (r)=100m
Height (h)=90m
Total surface area (Scap):- 2πr(2r+h)
2 x 3.14 x 100 (2(100+90))m2
628 x 380 m2
=238640 m2
(Scap )= 2.38 x 105 m2
Volume of capsule (Vcap):- πr2(4/3r+h)
3.14 x (100)2(4/3(100+90))m3
31400 x (4/3(190) m3
= 7923650 m3
Scap=7.92 x 106 m3

2.5 CONSTRUCTNAL SEQUENCE

Step 1:- Construction of sphere

Step 2:-
2.6 THRESTER AND BOOSTER
A thruster is a propulsive device used by spacecraft and watercraft for station
keeping altitude control in reaction control system or long duration , long thrust
acceleration . thrusters are used to control their altitude.

Thrusters used in our space colony is :-

 Hydrogen oxygen thruster

This is used for rockets with huge application and multipropellant resistoject
for low thrust needs. This is done using broad water electrolysis . water
electrolysis is the process of formation of hydrogen and oxygen This reaction
takes place in a unit called an electrolyzer. As hydrogen is explosive and the
mixture of hydrogen and oxygen might be explosive we can keep this both
apart . There is 1.5 voltage needed for this proceess.This is rare in industries as
finding hydrogen is very less expensively than fossil fuel.
Boosters are basically the rocket engines. Rocket engine exhaust is formed
entirely from propellant carried within the rocket engines. Rocket engines work
by action and reaction and push rockets forward simply by expelling their exhaust
in the opposite direction at high speed, and can therefore work in the vacuum of
space. A booster rocket (or engine) is either the first stage of a multistage launch
vehicle, or else a shorter-burning rocket used in parallel with longer-burning
sustainer rockets to augment the space vehicle's takeoff thrust and payload
capability. Boosters are traditionally necessary to launch spacecraft into low Earth
orbit (absent a single- stage-to-orbit design), and are especially important for a
space vehicle to go beyond Earth Orbit .

2.7 DOCKING PORTS

A docking port in a space is a connection points that allow to spacecraft to a align
and join to get .The Docking can be temporary or semi permanent and can
established and airtight structural sequence connection between the
spacecraft .In our spacecraft there are two Docking ports one at the front and one
at the back in our space Colony we have made talking put by using plastic and
Aluminium as by the mixing of them it can become aluminium plastic material
which is used for building panels this is mixed with plastic as Aluminium is heavier
than plastic the amount of plastic in the Docking ports is more than the amount of
the aluminium in the space Colony .
The docking put should be also made strong as as if any asteroids hit the colony
nothing should happen as its only the palace where we can grow outside the
space Colony and get inside the space Colony .the talking put in our space Colony
is been protected much as there is much amount of force in the space .Docking
ports also necessary as in evacuation time it should be easily move on so that
many of the people in the space Colony can be saved.for the first few years in the
in the space colony there will be people who will be entering to the space Colony
going out of this space Colony depending up on their habitat so for the first few
years the docking port will play a role between allowing the people and berthing
Missions to transfer to crew. Dimensions of docking port will be of width 15 to 40
meters long .

2.8 SYMMETRY
This a balance and proportionate similarities that is found in two half is called
symmetry in our space Colony we have designed in a such a way that from all the
views it will be symmetric.
2.9 Protection for the colony
Since we are living in space there is no telling what kind of calamities can happen

Like:-Asteroids hitting the colony Radiation caused due to the rays of the sun or
the mass bodies floating around the colony. Fires caused inside the colony as
there is no oxygen outside the colony and the colony is Powered by solar energy
the UV radiation can cause fires inside the colony. And the use of machines can
also cause fires. So, we made protection based on both sides

RADIATION PROTECTION: -

Space radiation is similar to the different kinds of radiation we face earth. Space
radiation is caused due to the comprise of the atoms in which electrons have been
stripped or taken away as the atom is accelerated in interstellar space to the
speeds approaching to the speed of light. It is caused due to the unstable atoms
which go under the process of decaying and also can be caused by machines. This
type of radiation is very harmful to humans and cause severe damage to our
bodies. We have some ways to layers the outside of the colony forprotection. We
are going to use materials like: -Polythene, Lead and Kelvar. Polythene and Lead
which are light weight and strong in both strength and towards radiation. It is due
to the low density of neutrons and high density of electrons per atom. Thus,
making them resilient towards radiation and can be used to protect us. Kelvar on
the other hand is a strong has heat resistant and radiation protection and is 10
times lighter than metal.

ASTEROID PROTECTION

Asteroids pose a major threat to our colonist. But the speed the asteroid comes
hurling towards us can’t be dodged very easily. Thus, we are going to use
something to stop it from touching our colony. The protection we use should be
Fast and Strong. So, we are going to use missiles. If the trajectory of the asteroid
is directly towards us the system will alert the team which manages and watches
everything in the colony. With this the team can Launch the rocket and destroy
the asteroid. With this we can protect our colonists. But what about the debris
caused due to the explosion can be protected by using aluminium a light weight
material and materials created by nanotechnology like carbon fibre etc. As they
are lighter and also really strong materials.