Course Code BFC34702

Course Name STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Academic Session SEM 1 / 2023-24
Project Tittle BEAM DESIGN FOR TWO STOREY BUILDING
Lecturer’s Name Dr. Siti Radziah binti Abdullah
Group members 1. SHAHRUL HAKIM BIN MOHD SHUHAIRI(CF210357)

2. MUHAMMAD NABIL IKHWAN BIN MOHD JOHARI

(CF210208)
3. MOHAMMAD NUR AKMAL BIN MAT SAIRI(CF210362)

4. NUR ALIA NAJIIHAH BINTI AZMAN(CF220079)

5. NUR EDREENA BINTI MOKHZAMANY(CF220029)

Submission date
Comment by lecturer

Marks
No CONTENT PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 DESIGN DATA 2

3.0 ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT &ENGINEERING LAYOUT 3- 17

4.0 Simply Supported Beam Designed by Nabil Ikhwan 18-23

Simply Supported Beam Designed by Shahrul Hakim 24-30

Simply Supported Beam Designed By Akmal 31-37
Simply Supported Beam Designed by Alia 38-44
Simply Supported Beam Designed by Edreena 45-49
5.0 Continuous Beam Designed by Nabil Ikhwan 50-58

Continuous Beam Designed by Shahrul Hakim

59-69
Continuous Beam Designed by Akmal 70-85
Continuous Beam Designed by Alia 86-94
Continuous Beam Designed by Edreena 95-106

6.0 CONCLUSION 107

7.0 Appendix 108-112

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Within the field of civil engineering, structural design is a key field that concentrates on
building safe, practical, and economical structures. In order to develop structures that satisfy
both safety and aesthetic requirements, this subject covers structural mechanics concepts,
material qualities, and innovative design strategies. The methodical examination of a
structure's stiffness, strength, and stability is known as structural design. Creating a structure
that can withstand all applied loads without failing for the duration of its planned life is the
basic aim of structural analysis and design. A structure's main function is to transfer or support
loads. In case that the structure is not precisely designed or built, or if the applied loads exceed
the design specifications, the structure may have significant effects. A well-designed structure
reduces the probability of costly failures significantly. For this project, we are assigned to
conduct detail design for beam component from architecture drawing for 2-storey house. All
plan of the building is provided by our lecturer. All variables and permanent actions, Gk and
variable actions, Qk followed the recommendation of Eurocode. From the plan, we analyzed
that the building consists of 5 bedrooms includes master bedroom, 6 toilet, dining room, foyer,
wet and dry kitchen, store, car porch, wardrobe and family space. There is also yard and car porch
located outside of the building. All of the group members chose their own simply and continuous
beam to design.

1.1 OBJECTIVES & PURPOSE

1. To identify the dimension of the building, location of columns, position of beams and
slabs as well as the type of slabs and help student know how to conduct analysis of
architecture plan.
2. To guide student, calculate the shear force and bending moment of the particular beam.
3. To determine which of the reinforcement is most suitable for the beam and calculate
the deflection of the beam and cracking span of the building.
4. To assist student produce Engineering/Structural layout which must consist of key-plan
of ground floor, first floor and roof layout.
DESIGN DATA

Simply Supported Beam

Name Floor Beam
SHAHRUL HAKIM BIN MOHD SHUHAIRI (CF210357) First Floor C2/1-3
MUHAMMAD NABIL IKHWAN BIN MOHD JOHARI (CF210208) First Floor 5/A-A2
MOHAMMAD NUR AKMAL BIN MAT SAIRI (CF210362) First Floor 4B/C-D
NUR ALIA NAJIIHAH BINTI AZMAN (CF220079) First Floor 4A/A-A2
NUR EDREENA BINTI MOKHZAMANY (CF220029) First Floor G/1-2

Continuous Supported Beam

Name Floor Beam
SHAHRUL HAKIM BIN MOHD SHUHAIRI (CF210357) First Floor B2/1-4
MUHAMMAD NABIL IKHWAN BIN MOHD JOHARI (CF210208) First Floor B1/1-6
MOHAMMAD NUR AKMAL BIN MAT SAIRI (CF210362) First Floor F/1-3A
NUR ALIA NAJIIHAH BINTI AZMAN (CF220079) First Floor 3A/E-H
NUR EDREENA BINTI MOKHZAMANY (CF220029) First Floor C/1-6
ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT & ENGINEERING LAYOUT
1. Elevation Plan
2. Ground Floor Plan
3. First Floor plan
4. Roof plan
74.9639
 W
22.250
28.956

>
>
>
> >

>
>
>
>
> BEDROOM 5

>
B/WC 5
>

STORE
WC
>
>

> > > > > > > > > > >
>

WET
>

>
KITCHEN

>
>

Y >
Y
>

>
>
>

Up
>

>

>
>
>
>
>

DRY

>
DINING
KITCHEN
X X
>

>
>

>
>

YARD

>
>
>

>

>
>
>
>

>

FOYER
>
>
>
>
>
>

LIVING
>
>
>

>
>
>

>
>
>

>
>
>

35.076
> >
>

> >
> >
> >
> >
>

>
>

CAR PORCH
>
>
>

>
>
>

>

Z
>
>
>

>
>
>

>
>
>
>

15.240
>

>

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
>

>
W
>

6.120

>
>

7.010
 W
>
>

>
BEDROOM 4

>
B/WC 4
>

>
>

B/WC 3

>
>

>
> > > > > > >
> > >

BEDROOM 3 Dn 300

Y Y
> > 300

> > > >

B/WC 2 VOID
X X
FAMILY

BEDROOM 2 WARDROBE

MASTER B/WC 1
>

>
>

BEDROOM
>

>
>

>
>

>

> >
> >

> > > > >

>

Z
W
 W

Y Y

X X

0.0000

Z
W
0000.0
 B/WC 2 FAMILY AREA

DRY KITCHEN DINING

YARD
BEDROOM 3

WET KITCHEN
CAR PORCH
B/WC 4 BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 2 MASTER BEDROOM

WC WET KITCHEN
LIVING CAR PORCH
 4A 4B 5A
1 2 3 4 5 6
5B

9900
2075 3000 4825
1000 1000 1000

H
G
2000
1075

F
E1
2000

E
3000

D
1090

C2

17865
4090
1950

C1
1050

C
2150

3650
B2
1452,5

B1
2575

B
3125

A3
550

A2
A1
4716

A
1300
3675
2075 4075 3750

PELAN TINGKAT SATU

 2A 4A 4A 5A
1 2 3 4 5 6

9900

2075 1525 2550 3750

4075

H
G

4000
F
3075

E1
2000

1300

3000
D

C2

4525
C1

23166
C

3525
B2

B1
1000

B
2850

2400

A3
A2
A1
4716

2075 2000 2324

7825
4075

PELAN TINGKAT BAWAH

 4A 4B 5A
1 2 3 4 5 6

9900

2075 3000 4825

1000 3350

H
1075 925

G
2000

4000
F
E1
2000

E
3000

3000
D
1090

C2

17865
4090

4090
1950

C1
1050

C
2150

3650
B2
1500

B1
2575

2575

A3
550

A2
A1

1672,5
2075 3675 2900 1250

4150

PELAN BUMBUNG
 TITLE:

FKAAB Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
5/A- At
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

specification
^

wkN/m

^
n
h

h
( ) ~
( >
b

Effective L 4.866m
span
=
,

Characteristic Actions :

Permanent , gk = 1k141m ( Excluding self

weight)
Variable ,
qk = 1. 5k114m
Design life = 50
years
( Table 2.1 EN 1990 )

Fire resistance ( Uniform Law )

= RGO
Building by
Table 4.1
Exposure classes =
✗ <3

Structure classes = 54

Materials
3.1.2131
Characteristic stneyh at concrete fck ,
=
201111mm ' ( table F. 11=-111206)
3.2.212)
Ctareetenstrestneyh at steel ,
fyk = 500 Mmm '

Characteristic stneyh at link ,

fyk = 500 Hmm '
Unit of reinforced concrete 251111mm } (Table A.IE/V1991- 1)
weight =

Assumed ∅ bare = 20mm

∅ bar 2 = 12mm

∅ link
=
8mm

Size

Overall
depth ,h = L / 13 = 4866113 =
374mm Use :b ✗ h
Width ,b = 0.4h = 0.4×374 = 150 mm
=
150×400 mm

Durability ,
Fire & Bond
Requirements
Table 4.2 Min with to bond 20mm
.
cover
regard ,
Cminb =

Table 4.4N Min with

regard to
durability Cmndur 25mm
=
.
cover
,

Min distance for RGO fire resistance

(Table 5.5 EN 1992-1-2)
.

required axis ,

Asd = 40 -110 = 50mm

thin with
.
cover
regard to fire .

Cmin = Asd -

∅ link
-

∅ bar /2
= 50-8-20/2 = 32mm
4. 4- I -3 Allowance for deviation Alder 10mm
in
design ,
=

4- 4. I I (2)
-

Nominal Use
cover .

( nom
__ ( min
+ Cdev = 321-10 = 42mm Crom =
45mm

DESIGNED BY:Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:

CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAABFaculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
5/A- At
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

&
loading Analysis

ˢᵗᵈ% / Lie =
4866/1428 = 3. 4172.0 (
One-way Slab)
/Lie (
One-way slab)
Ly =
4866/2324 = 2. 0972.0

loading at slab :
(0.15m ✗ 251,1µm )t 1k114m '
4. 75k114m ?
selfweight.gl = =

Finishes = I kN/m2

Permanent action ,gk = 5.75 kN/m2

Variable action ,
qk
= 1. 5k114m

Action on slab :

W .
gk=Y2nlukN/m
1/215.75×1.428)
4.lk/V/mWiqk--Y2(l-5)(
= =

1.428 ) = 1. 07k114m

1/215.75)(2.324) 68k141m
Wagle
= = 6.

=
1/24 5) ( 2.324 ) I. 74k114m
Wzqk
- =

Loading of beam
( bish ) ✗ 25
selfweight.gl =

= (0.15×0.4)×25 = 1.5 KHIM

total action :

Permanent .

gk
= 4. I 1-6-68 1-1.5 = 12.2841111m
Variable, 1.071-1.74 2.81 kN/m
qk = =

Table At .2B action :

i. EN 1990
Design

t.lv/m20.8kN/m
1. b- I. 3542.281 1. 5( 2.81 ) 20.8
1.359kt
+
Wd=
qk
= =

n
n

4.866m
[ ,

shear force ,

V=WdL /2

= 50.61 KN

moment,
Bending
M=WdL48
= 61.56 KNM

DESIGNED BY:Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:

CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAABFaculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
51A -
At
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

6.1 Main Reinforcement

Effective
depth ,

D= h -
Cnom -
¢1 -0.54bar
.in
.
= 400-45-8-0.5120 ) = 337 mm

d. = ( nom
'_
¢1.info/ban/2 = 451-8+(20/2) = 63 mm

62k111m
Design bending Moment ,
Med =
d
"

^^
K = HA / bd%ck ^ •

= 62×106 / (150×3372×20) = 0.182 d

h
⑥ V
⑧

( 7
b
Redistribution : 0% Redistribution ratio 8 .
= I -0

Kkk]
kbal = 0.45418 -4,7k -0.182118 ,
-

Using : F- C2

= 0.36318-4,7-0.11618-4,12 ↓, ,
= 0.44

= 0.167 k ,
= 1.25

k > Khal

compression reinforcement is
required
2- =
d [0.5T ✓0.25 -

Kwei / 1.134 ) ]
= 33710.51-10.25-0.167/1.134)] = 276mm
x =
(d- Z ) /0.4
= (337-276)/0.4 = 153 mm

dhe = 63/153 = 0-4170.38

The
compression
steel will have
yielded
fsc = 0.87
fyu .

Area of compression steel

As
'
:( k-kwhfei.ba/700l1-dYae)Cd-dY Use : 2h12 ( 226mm)

= (0.182-0.167)×(2011150×3372)
7004-0.41>(337-63) . .

= 5110605 "
=
113162 45.16mm

Area of tension steel . .

kbaifckbdYO-87-fy.kz
'

As =
but
1- As

Use :2H20( 628mm )

'
= 0.167×120×150×3377 1- 42.88
0.87×500×276
= 474 t 42.88

= 516.9 mm
"

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area

As ,min = 0.26 ( fam /fyklbd

= 0-2612.2/500 )bd
=
0.0011 bd ≥ 0.0013 bd

=
0.0013×150×337

= 65-7 mm2

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
51A -
Al
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

As ,
Max = 0.04A ,
= 0.04 bh

= 0.04×150×400 = 2400mm
'

6.2 Shear Reinforcement

50.61
Design shear tone ,
Ved = kN

6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity

Vrdimax = 0.36bwdfcv.CI for /250 ) / (cot Ottavio) -

= 0.36×150×337 ✗ 2011-20/250 )
( Coto -1 tano )

= 115 kN → @ = 22° Coto __ 2.5

= 167 kN → 0 = 45° Coto : 1.0

✓Ed < Vrd .ma× @ = 22°

VED < Vrd ,ma×
0=450
> Therefore 0 22°
angle <

[ Ved / 0.18bwdfcb.CI foe/250))

'
0
_

= 0.55in -

/ 0.18×150×337×2011 -201250$
055in
"
= 50.61×103

( 0.3 )
_
'

= 0.55in

=
8°

Use : D= 22.0° tan 0=0.3 Coto = 2.5

Shear links
Aswls =
VF.ee/0.78fykdcotO
=
50.61×103 / (0.78×500×337×2.5)
= 0.15

Try link : H8 Asw = 101 mm2

Spacing ,
5 = 101/0.16
=
673mm

Use :

9.2.216 ) Max ,Sma× = 0.75cL = 0.75×337 = 253mm H8 -250

spacing

9.2.2157 Minimum links

Asw /s "bw/fyk
0.08 fck
'
=

= 0.08×1207%150/500
= 0.11

H8
"

Asw
Try links 101mm
: -_

101/0.11 Use :
spewing .s =

= 918mm ≥ 0.75cL = 253mm 11-8-250

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
5/A- At
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

shear resistance of minimum links

Vmin = (Asw /5) ( 0.78 dfykcotl)

= (101/250) (0.78×337×500×2.5)
= 133 KN

Links
arrangement

514N

514N

6.2.317) Additional
longitudinal reinforcement
Additional tensile force .

I Fed =
0.54-a COTO ≤ Medina /2-
= 0.5×51×2.5 =
62 ✗ 106/276
= 64 kN = 225 KN

Additional longitudinal reinforcement ,

As = Tftd /0.87 fyk To be added to the As

=
64×03/0.871500)
'
hear
support (after curtailment)
= 147mm

7.4 Defflection
Percentage of
required tension reinforcement .

,req /
p =
As bd

= 517/(150×337) = 0.01

Reference reinforcement ratio ,

"
Po = (fue ) ✗ 10-3
= 1201%10-3 = 0.0045
of
Percentage
'
required compression reinforcement
p = A's.my/bd
=
45.16/(150×337) = 0.0009
Table 7.4N Factor for structural K 1.0
system
=
,

P > % Use equation (2)

4141-1-5 ] %]
I %
y,
=
tie
p -

p
'
+
Fat 0
(2)

= 1.0 (111-3.321-0.17) = 14.49

Modification factor for

span greater than 7m

= 4.866 < 7

Modification factor for steel area

provided ,

= As.pro/As.req =
628/517 = 1.21

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Simply Supported Beam
BEAM NO :
51A -
Al
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

|
therefore allowable effective ratio
span depth
-

( '/d) allowable = 14.49×1.21 = 17.53

Actual
span effective depth
-

④d) actual = 4866/337 =

14.44 < ( '/d)allowable 0K !

7.3
Cracking
width Wmax 0.3mm
Limiting crack =
,

Table 7.1 steel stress .

G3Qa Asneq I
f. = ✗

;÷a (12.281-(0.3×28))
+
. .am .
.
500
0.87×1.0
=
✗ ✗
20.8
mum
Mmm
'
= 188
Table 7.3N Max allowable bar = 250mm
.

spacing
Bar •
spacing , • •

s = (150-2145)-218) -
(20) ] /2
S s
= 12mm < 250 mm
< x >

Ok !

Detailing

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : C2 / 1 - 3 DATE: PAGE: 1
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 16/1/24
Reference Calculations Remarks

Specification

W kN/m
h

b
Effective span, L = 4.075m
Characteristic Action:
Permanent, 𝑔𝑘 = 1 kN/m (Excluding selfweight)
Variable, 𝑞𝑘 = 1.5 kN/m
Design life = 50 years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire resistance = R60 (Uniform Building by Law)
Table 4.1 Exposure classes = XC3
Structure classes = S4

Materials
(Table F.1 EN 206)
3.1.2 (3) Characteristic strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 N/𝑚𝑚2
3.2.2 (2) Characteristic strength of steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚2
Characteristic strength of link, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 N/𝑚𝑚2 (Table A.1 EN
1991-1)
Assumed Ø bar 1 = 20 mm
Ø bar 2 = 12 mm
Ø link = 8 mm

Size

Overall depth, h = L/13 = 4075/13 = 313mm

Width, b = 0.4h = 0.4 × 313 = 125mm Use: 𝑏 × ℎ

= 150 × 325

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏 = 20mm

Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durability, 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 = 25mm
(Table 5.5 EN
Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance,
1992-1-2)
𝑎𝑠𝑑 = 40 + 10 = 50mm

Min. cover with regard to fire,

Ø
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑎𝑠𝑑 − Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 − 𝑏𝑎𝑟
2
20
= 50 − 8 − = 32mm
2
4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, ∆ 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 10mm
4.4.1.1 (2) Nominal cover,
use
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆ 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 32 + 10 = 42mm
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 45mm

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : C2 / 1 - 3 DATE: 16/1/24 PAGE: 2
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Loading & Analysis

Slab
Ly/Lx = 4075/1950 = 2.09 > 2.0 (One-way Slab)
Ly/Lx = 4075/1090 = 3.74 > 2.0 (One-way Slab)

Loading of Slab:
Selfweight, 𝑔𝑘 = (0.15 × 25 N/mm3 ) + 1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 4.75 𝑘𝑁/m2
Finishes = 1 𝑘𝑁/m2
Permanent action, 𝑔𝑘 = 5.75 𝑘𝑁/m2
Variable action, 𝑞𝑘 = 1.5 𝑘𝑁/m2

Action on slab:
1
𝑊1 𝑔𝑘 = 2 𝑛𝐿𝑥 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1
= 2
(5.75)(1.950) = 5.61 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1
𝑊1 𝑞𝑘 = 2
(1.5)(1.950) = 1.46 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

1
𝑊2 𝑔𝑘 = 2
(5.75)(1.090) = 3.13 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1
𝑊2 𝑞𝑘 = 2
(1.5)(1.090) = 0.82 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Loading of beam

Selfweight, 𝑔𝑘 = (𝑏 × ℎ) × 25
= (0.15 × 0.325) × 25 = 1.22 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Total action:

Permanent, 𝑔𝑘 = 5.61 + 3.13 + 1.22 = 9.96 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Variable, 𝑞𝑘 = 1.46 + 0.82 = 2.28 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Table A1.2B Design action:

:EN1990
𝑊𝑑 = 1.35 𝑔𝑘 + 1.5 𝑞𝑘 = 1.35(9.96) + 1.5(2.28) = 16.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

16.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
kN/m

Shear force,
4.075m 𝑉 = 𝑊𝑑 𝐿/2
= 34.37 𝑘𝑁

Bending moment,
𝑀 = 𝑊𝑑 𝐿2 /8
= 35.02 𝑘𝑁𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : C2 / 1 - 3 DATE: PAGE: 3
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 16/1/24
Reference Calculations Remarks

6.1 Main Reinforcement

Effective depth
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 − 0.5 Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 325 − 42 − 8 − 0.5(20) d’
= 265 𝑚𝑚
′ Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 20
𝑑 = 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 + Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 + = 42 + 8 +
2 2
= 60 𝑚𝑚 d h

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 35.02 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝐾 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
35.02×106
= 150×2652 ×20 = 0.166 b
Using: EC2
𝑘1 = 0.44
𝑘2 = 1.26
Redistribution = 0% Redistribution ratio, ⸹ = 1.0

𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.454 (⸹ − 𝑘1 )𝑘2 − 0.182[(⸹ − 𝑘1 )/𝑘2 ]2 +

= 0.363 (⸹ − 𝑘1 ) − 0.116(⸹ − 𝑘1 )2
= 0.167

𝐾 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙

Compression Reinforcement is not required

𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 /1.134]
= 265[0.5 + √0.25 − 0.167/1.134] = 217 𝑚𝑚

𝑑−𝑍
𝑥 =
0.4
(265−217)
= 0.4
= 120 𝑚𝑚

Area of tension steel

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 / 0.87 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑙

0.167×20×150×2652
= Use:
0.87×500×217
2H20 (628𝑚𝑚2 )
= 373 𝑚𝑚2

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Reference Calculations Remarks

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26( 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 / 𝑓𝑦𝑘 ) 𝑏𝑑
2.2
= 0.26 (500) 𝑏𝑑
= 0.0011 𝑏𝑑 ≥ 0.0013𝑏𝑑
= 0.0013 × 150 × 265
= 51.68 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04𝑏ℎ

= 0.04 × 150 × 325 = 1950 𝑚𝑚2

6.2 Shear Reinforcement

Design shear force, 𝑉𝑑 = 34.37 𝑘𝑁

6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.36 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250)/(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
20
= 0.36 × 150 × 265 × 20 (1 − 250)/(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
= 91 𝑘𝑁 → 𝜃 = 22° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 2.5
= 132 𝑘𝑁 → 𝜃 = 45° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 1.0

𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜃 = 22°

𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜃 = 45°

Therefore angle 𝜃 < 22°

𝜃 = 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑉𝐸𝑑 /0.18 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250)]

34.37×103
= 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [ 20 ]
0.18 ×150×265×20(1− )
250
= 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.26)
= 7.5°

Use: 𝜃 = 22.0° 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 0.40 cot 𝜃 = 2.5

Shear links
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /0.78 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
34.37×103
=
(0.78×500×265×2.5)
= 0.13
Try link: H8 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 101𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆 = 101/0.13
= 777𝑚𝑚
Use:
Max spacing, 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75(265) = 198.75𝑚𝑚 H8-175
9.2.2(6)

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Reference Calculations Remarks

9.2.2(5) Minimum Links

𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 𝑏𝑤/ 𝑓𝑦𝑘
= 0.08 × (20)1/2 × 150/500
= 0.11
Try link: H8 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 101𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆 = 101/0.11 Use:
= 918𝑚𝑚 ≥ 0.75𝑑 = 198.75𝑚𝑚 H8-300

Shear resistance of minimum links

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 )(0.78 𝑑 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃)
= (101/300 )(0.78 × 265 × 500 × 2.5)
= 87 𝑘𝑁

Links arrangement

34.37 𝑘𝑁
kN/m

34.37 𝑘𝑁
kN/m

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force
∆F𝑡𝑑 = 0.5 𝑉𝐸𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 ≤ 𝑀𝐸𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 /𝑍
= 0.5 × 34.37 × 2.5 = 35.02 × 106 /217
= 43 𝑘𝑁 = 161 𝑘𝑁

Additional longitudinal reinforcement

𝐴𝑠 = ∆F𝑡𝑑 / 0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 To be added to
= 43 × 103 / 0.87(500) the 𝐴𝑠 near
= 99 𝑚𝑚2 support (after
curtailment)

7.4 Deflection
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
373
= 150×265 = 0.0094

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑜 = ( 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/2 × 10−3

= (20)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.0045

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Reference Calculations Remarks

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃′ = 𝐴′𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
0
= 150×265 = 0

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, 𝐾 = 1.0

𝑃 > 𝑃𝑜 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)

𝑙 𝑃𝑜 1 𝑃′
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + √ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 √𝑃 ] (2)
𝑑 𝑃−𝑃′ 12 𝑜

= 1.0(11 + 3.21 + 0) = 14.21

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 4.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

628
= 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 /𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 373 = 1.68 > 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

(𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 14.21 × 1.0 × 1.5 = 21.32

Actual span-effective depth,

4075
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 265 = 15.38 < (𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 OK!

7.3 Cracking
Table 7.1
Limiting crack width, 𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.3𝑚𝑚
Steel stress,

𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐺𝑘 +0.3𝑄𝑘 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 1

𝑓𝑠 = × × ×
1.15 (1.35𝐺𝑘 +1.5𝑄𝑘 ) 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 ⸹
500 9.96+0.3(2.28) 373
= 1.15 × (1.35(9.96)+1.5(2.28)) × 628 × 1.0
= 163 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Table 7.3N
Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm
Bar spacing,

[150−2(45)−2(8)−(20)] s
𝑠= 2
= 12 𝑚𝑚 < 250 𝑚𝑚 OK!

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Reference Calculations Remarks

Detailing

2𝐻12

6 × 𝐻8 − 175 7 × 𝐻8 − 300 6 × 𝐻8 − 175

2𝐻20

4075 𝑚𝑚
325 𝑚𝑚

150 𝑚𝑚

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Reference Calculations Remarks

Specification

W kN/m
h

b
Effective span, L = 4.090m
Characteristic Action:
Permanent, 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 1 kN/m (Excluding selfweight)
Variable, 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 1.5 kN/m
Design life = 50 years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire resistance = R60 (Uniform Building by Law)
Table 4.1 Exposure classes = XC3
Structure classes = S4

Materials
(Table F.1 EN 206)
3.1.2 (3) Characteristic strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 20 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
3.2.2 (2) Characteristic strength of steel, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Characteristic strength of link, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 (Table A.1 EN
1991-1)
Assumed Ø bar 1 = 20 mm
Ø bar 2 = 12 mm
Ø link = 8 mm

Size

Overall depth, h = L/13 = 4090/13 = 315mm

Width, b = 0.4h = 0.4 × 315 = 126mm Use: 𝑏𝑏 × ℎ

= 150 × 350

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑏𝑏 = 20mm

Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durability, 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 25mm
(Table 5.5 EN
Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance,
1992-1-2)
𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 = 40 + 10 = 50mm

Min. cover with regard to fire,

Ø
𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 − Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
2
20
= 50 − 8 − = 32mm
2
4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, ∆ 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 10mm
4.4.1.1 (2) Nominal cover,
use
𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 = 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + ∆ 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 32 + 10 = 42mm
𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 = 45mm

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Reference Calculations Remarks
Loading & Analysis

Slab
Ly/Lx = 4090/3350 = 1.22 > 2.0 (Two-way Slab)

Loading of Slab:
Selfweight, 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = (0.15 × 25 N/mm3 ) + 1 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚 = 4.75 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/m2
Finishes = 1 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/m2
Permanent action, 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 5.75 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/m2
Variable action, 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 1.5 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/m2

Action on slab:
1
𝑊𝑊1 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
2
1
= (5.75)(3.350) = 9.63 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
2
1
𝑊𝑊1 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = (1.5)(3.350) = 2.51 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
2

Loading of beam

Selfweight, 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = (𝑏𝑏 × ℎ) × 25

= (0.15 × 0.35) × 25 = 1.32 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Total action:

Permanent, 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 9.63 + 1.32 = 10.95 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Variable, 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 2.51 = 2.51 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Design action:

𝑊𝑊𝑑𝑑 = 1.35 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + 1.5 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 1.35(10.95) + 1.5(2.51) = 18.55 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Table A1.2B
:EN1990
17.05 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Shear force,
4.090m 𝑉𝑉 = 𝑊𝑊𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛/2
= 37.93 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

Bending moment,
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑊𝑊𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛2 /8
= 38.80𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚

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Reference Calculations Remarks

6.1 Main Reinforcement

Effective depth
𝑑𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 − Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 − 0.5 Ø𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 = 350 − 45 − 8 − 0.5(20) d’
= 287 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Ø𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 20
𝑑𝑑 ′ = 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 + Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 + = 45 + 8 +
2 2
= 63 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 d h

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 38.80 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚

𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑔𝑔
38.80×106
= = 0.16 < 0.167 b
150×2872 ×20
Using: EC2
𝑔𝑔1 = 0.44
Redistribution = 0% Redistribution ratio, ⸹ = 1.0 𝑔𝑔2 = 1.26

𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.454 (⸹ − 𝑔𝑔1 )𝑔𝑔2 − 0.182[(⸹ − 𝑔𝑔1 )/𝑔𝑔2 ]2 +

= 0.363 (⸹ − 𝑔𝑔1 ) − 0.116(⸹ − 𝑔𝑔1 )2
= 0.167

𝐾𝐾 < 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙

Compression reinforcement is not required

𝑍𝑍 = 𝑑𝑑�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 /1.134�
= 287�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.167/1.134� = 244.73𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑑−𝑍𝑍
𝑛𝑛 =
0.4
(287−244.73)
= = 105.68 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
0.4

Area of tension steel

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2 / 0.87 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 + 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 ′

0.167×20×150×2872
=
0.87×500×244.73

= 387.64 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

Use:
2H20 (628𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )

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BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 18.1.2024
Reference Calculations Remarks

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0.26( 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚 / 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 ) 𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑
2.2
= 0.26 � � 𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑
500
= 0.0011 𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 < 0.0013𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑
= 0.0011 × 150 × 287
= 47.35 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.04𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 = 0.04𝑏𝑏ℎ

= 0.04 × 150 × 350 = 2100 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

6.2 Shear Reinforcement

Design shear force, 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑 = 37.93 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity

𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.36 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1 − 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 /250)/(𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝜃𝜃)
20
= 0.36 × 150 × 287 × 20 (1 − )/(𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝜃𝜃)
250
= 98 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘 → 𝜃𝜃 = 22° 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 = 2.5
= 142 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘 → 𝜃𝜃 = 45° 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 = 1.0

𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝜃𝜃 = 22°

𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝜃𝜃 = 45°

Therefore angle 𝜃𝜃 < 22°

𝜃𝜃 = 0.5𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 [𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.18 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1 − 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 /250)]

37.93×103
= 0.5𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 � 20 �
0.18 ×150×287×20(1− )
250
= 0.5𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 (0.27)
= 7°

Use: 𝜃𝜃 = 22.0° 𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝜃𝜃 = 0.40 cot 𝜃𝜃 = 2.5

Shear links
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑠𝑠 = 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.78 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
37.93×106
=
(0.78×500×287×2.5)
= 0.14
Try link: H8 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 170𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 170/0.14
= 1214𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Use:
Max spacing, 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.75𝑑𝑑 = 0.75(287) = 215.25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 H8-200
9.2.2(6)

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO: 4B/C-D DATE: PAGE: 5
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 18.1.2024
Reference Calculations Remarks

9.2.2(5) Minimum Links

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑠𝑠 = 0.08 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1/2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/ 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐
= 0.08 × (20)1/2 × 150/500
= 0.11
Try link: H8 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 101𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 101/0.11 Use:
= 918𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ≥ 0.75𝑑𝑑 = 215.25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 H8-300

Shear resistance of minimum links

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = (𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑠𝑠 )(0.78 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃)
= (101/300 )(0.78 × 287 × 500 × 2.5)
= 94.21 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

Links arrangement

37.93 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

37.93𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force
∆F𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 = 0.5 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 /𝑍𝑍
= 0.5 × 37.93 × 2.5 = 38.80 × 106 /244.73
= 47.41 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘 = 158.54 𝑔𝑔𝑘𝑘

Additional longitudinal reinforcement

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = ∆F𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 / 0.87 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐
= 47.41 × 103 / 0.87(500)
= 108𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

7.4 Deflection
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑
387.64
= = 0.009
150×287

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = ( 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )1/2 × 10−3

= (20)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.0045

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO: 4B/C-D DATE: PAGE: 6
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 18.1.2024
Reference Calculations Remarks

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃𝑃′ = 𝐴𝐴′𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑
0
= = 0
150×287

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, 𝐾𝐾 = 1.0

𝑃𝑃 > 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 𝑈𝑈𝑠𝑠𝑈𝑈 𝑈𝑈𝑞𝑞𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛 (2)

𝑙𝑙 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 1 𝑃𝑃′
= 𝐾𝐾 �11 + 1.5� 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �𝑃𝑃 � (2)
𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃−𝑃𝑃′ 12 𝑜𝑜

= 1.0(11 + 3.35 + 0) = 14.35

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 4.075 < 7
= 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑝𝑝𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 /𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 = 628/387.64 = 1.62

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

(𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 = 14.35 × 1 × 1.62 = 23.25

Actual span-effective depth,

𝑙𝑙 4090
� � = = 14.25 < (𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 OK!
𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 287

7.3 Cracking

Table 7.1 Limiting crack width, 𝑊𝑊𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.3𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Steel stress,

𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝐺𝐺𝑦𝑦 +0.3𝑄𝑄𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑏𝑏𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 1

𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = × × ×
1.15 (1.35𝐺𝐺𝑦𝑦 +1.5𝑄𝑄𝑦𝑦 ) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑝𝑝 ⸹
500 9.96+0.3(2.51) 387.64
= × × × 1.0
1.15 (1.35(9.96)+1.5(2.51)) 628
2
= 167.05 𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Table 7.3N Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm
Bar spacing,
s
[150−2(45)−2(8)−(20)]
𝑠𝑠 =
2
= 12 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 250 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 OK!

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO: 4B/C-D DATE: PAGE: 7
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 18.1.2024
Reference Calculations Remarks

Detailing]
2𝐻𝐻12

5 × 𝐻𝐻8 − 200 6 × 𝐻𝐻8 − 300 5 × 𝐻𝐻8 − 200

2𝐻𝐻20

4090 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

350 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

150 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

Detailing
 TITLE:

FKAAB Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam
BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

specification

5750 4150

C r

F1= case 4
f- 4 ¥ F2= case }
132 ~

f- 3- case 4
1=5
a
F4= Case 4
131 ≈
f- 5- Case 2
is
F1 1=2 1=3 1-

±, £

v
A}

2075
1 3650
1 4150
2 4

9900
1 6

131/1-6
Design Beam

Effective L 9.9m
span
=
,

Characteristic Actions :

Permanent , gk = 1k111m ( Excluding self

weight)
Variable ,
qk = 1. 5k114m
Design life = 50
years
( Table 2.1 EN 1990 )

Fire resistance ( Uniform Law )

= RGO
Building by
Exposure classes =
✗ c3

Structure classes = 54

!
Materials
3.1.2131
Characteristic stneyh at concrete fck ,
=
251111mm ' ( table F. 11=-111206)
3.2.212)
Characteristic gtneyh at steel ,
fyk = 500 Mmm "
Characteristic stneyh at link ,
tyk = 500 Mmm '
www.a.eiamea.n.ae = mmmm, µ. # ± ,,µ , ,
Assumed ∅ bare = 20mm

∅ bar 2 = 12mm
=
∅ link 10mm

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam
BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Size

Overall
depth ,h = L /15 = 9900115 =
660mm Use :b ✗ h

Width ,b = 0.4h = 0.4×660 =

264mm
=
300 ✗ 700 mm

Durability ,
Fired Bond
Requirements
Table 4.2 Min with to bond 20mm
.
cover
regard ,
Cminb =

Table 4.4N thin with

regard to
durability .cm.ndur 25mm
=
.
cover

Min distance for RGO fire resistance (Table 5.5 EN 1992-1-2)

.

required axis ,

Asd = 4/0+10 = 510mm

25 25

thin with
.
cover
regard to fire .

( min = Asd -

∅ link
-

∅ bar /2
=
50/-10-20/2
25
= 3¥ mm

& / } Allowance for deviation Alder 10mm

design
" •

in ,
=

4. 4.1.1127 Nominal cover .

25 35
Use
35
( ( + Cdev = 3/01-10 = V0 Crom
410mm
-_ =
nom min mm

loading and
Analysis
Beam 2/9-3-131 (
secondary Beam )
Slab ( Fl )

Ly /Lse = 2575/2075 = 1.24<2.0 ,

two-way slab

slab (1--2)

Ly / Lse = 3650/2575 = 1.42 ( 2.0,

Two-way slab

loading on slab

sdfweight ,gk=(0-15×25 KMmmttIL.lv/m2--4.75kN/m2

1k114m
'

Finishes =

Actions :

Permanent ,Gk = 5.754/1%2

5k141m
'
Variable ,
QK = 1.

W ,
Gk = Bvxnln
= 0.47-(5-75) (2.075m) = 5.61 kN/m
WIQK = Bvxnln
=
0.47-11.5)( 2.075m) = 1.46 Kalm

WAGK =
Bynlu
= 0.3615-75/(2.57-5) = 4.29 kN/m
WIQK = Bvxnln
=
0.3611 5) ( 2.575m)
-
= 1.39 kN/m

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Action from Bridewell ,

40k141m kN/m
"

Bridewell 2. ✗ 3.66m = 8.784

weight
=

Action on beam :

Beam self
weight = (0.3×0.7)×25 = 5.2541km

Action :

Permanent GK ,
= 5.61+4.291-8.784+5.25 = 61.63
= (23.93×2.575)/2 = 30.82 kN/m
Variable Qk ,
: 1.461-1.39 = 2.85
= (2.85×2.575)/2 = 3. 66k114m
Wd = 1.35 ( Gk) 1- I. 5( Qk )

=
1.35-(30.8271-1.513.66) = 47.09 kN

1=51 =

Ly /Lse = 2575/2075 = 1.24<2.0 ,

two-way slab F1= case 4
1=52 =

Ly / Lse = 3650/2575 = 1.42 ( 2.0,

two-way slab F2= case 3

F3=
1--53
Ly /Lse 4150/2575 < 2.0 4
=
1-61 case
two-way
= =
,
slab
1=54 =
Ly / Lse 4150/3650 = 1.14 ( 2.0, F4= Case 4
two-way slab
=

1=55
-

ly /Lse = 5750/1452.5 = 3.96 72.0 One slab f- 5- Case 2

way
-

Loading calculation on
primary
beam
Ketron on slab

From stab FSI

bynlse 0.415.75)( 2.075 ) 4. 77k114m

Wigk
= =
=

bynln 0.4 ( 1. 5) (2.07-5) 1.25 kN/m

Wiqk
= =
=

From stab 1=52

Wyk
= burn / se = 0-4915.75/(2.57-5) = 7.26 KNIM
bunk 0.4911 5) (2-575) 1.89 kN/m
W•qk
= = - :

From stab 1=53

burn / se 0-5415.75/(2.57-5)
Wsgk kN/m
= = =
7.99

buunln 0.5411 5) (2-575) 2.09 kN/m

Wsqk
= = -
=

From stab 1=54

babe 0-47-(5.75×3.650) 9.86 kN/m

Wyk
= = =

bunnln 0.47-(1-5) (3-650) 2.57 kN/m

Wffk
= = =

From stab 1=55

'
12h be 11215.75)( 1.4525) 4.18 KAMM
Wsgk
= = =

Y2( 1. 5) (1-4525) kN/m

'
12h1m = 1.09
Wsqk
= =

Point lead from beam 2/4-3-131

Gk =
30.82 kN

Qk= 3.66 kN

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Total action on beam 131/1-4

Permanent GK = Gk from stab £51 + 5-52+5-55 1- brick wall load beam self
,
+
weight
= 4.77 1- 7.26+4.181-8.78+30.82
= 55.81 kN/m
Variable QK,
= Qk from stab fsItfs2tfs5

= 1.251-1.891-1.09

= 4. 23k114m

Total action on beam 131/4-6

Permanent ,
GK = Gk from stab fs 31-5-54 1- brick wall load

= 7.99+9.86
= 17.85 kN/m
Variable QK,
= QK from stab fs 31-5-54

= 2.091-2.57

= 4.66 KNIM

Maximum ,

= 1.35 ( Gk) 1- 1.5 (QK )

span 131/1-4
= 1.35 (55.817+1.514.23)
= 81.69

Span 131/4-6
= 1.35 (17.8511-1.514.66)

= 31.09

fltlinimumi
= 1.35 ( Gk )

Span 131/1-4
= 1.35C 55.81 )

= 75.34

Span 131/4-6
= 1.3511785)
= 24.09

Gk =
30.82 kN
Qk= 3.66 kN

GK =
55.8141111m Gk= 17.85 kN/m
QK = 4. 23k114m
QK : 4.66 KNIM

5750 4150

1 4 6

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Case I max

121.76

43.26
f. 74
-
6.61

0.70

Case 2 max -
min

118-74

40.83
5.gg
-
10.78

1. 67

Case 3 min Max

-

106.37

44-36
6.34
g. y,

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Main Reinforcement

Effective
depth .

d- h -

( nom
-
¢ link _ ¢ bar
/2
=
700-35 -10-(20/2)
=
645mm
'
d :( nom
-
¢ link _ ¢ bar
/2
= 25+10+(20/2)
= 45mm

Span 1- 4 : case 3

Design bending moment Med .

=
269.034141m
K = All

bdrhfcu
=
269×106 = 0.086 < 15bar
( 300/(645%125)
No reinforcement
compression required .

2- = d [0.51-110.25-1511-1347]
= 645 (0.51-110.25-0.086/1.134)
= 645 (0.51-0.42)
=
593mm ≤ 0.95cL 0.951645 ) = 613mm

Area of tension steel

since Kckbal ,
use
equation
As = HA /0.87
fyk 2-

= 269×106
. . . .
0.87-(500×593)

=
1038 mma Use :

4h20 (1257 mm )
"

support 4 case 1
:

Design bending moment .

Med =
240.3 KHIM
K = All

bdrhfcu
=
240×100 = 0.077415bar
(3001/6457125)
No reinforcement
compression required .

2- = d [0.51-110.25 -
Kuai / 1- 1347 ]
= 645 (0.51-110.25-0.167/1.134)
= 645 (0.51-0.42)
=
593mm ≤ 0.95cL

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Therefore 22°
angle @
<
,

Shear link

Aswls = Ved /0.78fykdcoto

= 213.86×103 = 0.34
0.781500)( 645×2.5)

try link : HIO Asw =

157

Spacing ,
S = 157/0.34
=
462 mm < 0.75cL

Where 5 Use :
maximum
spacing ,

-0.75 D=
-

0.7516457 = 484mm HIO -

300

Support 4. Case I

Ved = 121.76 kN

Ved < Vrd,ma× cot 22=2.5

Ved <
Vrd,ma× Cot 45=1.0

Therefore 22°
angle @
<
,

Shear link

Aswls = Ved /0.78fykdcoto

= 121.76×103 = 0.194
0.781500)( 645×2.5)

try link : HIO Asw =

157
S 15710.196
Spacing ,
=

=
801mm 7 0.75cL

Where S
Use :
maximum
spacing ,

= 0.75 D= 0.7516457 = 484mm

HIO -300

Support 6. case 2

Ved =
6.39kW
Ved < Vrd,ma× cot 22=2.5
Ved <
Vrd,ma× Cot 45=1.0

Therefore 22°
angle @
<
,

Shear link

Aswls = Ved /0.78fykdcoto

=
6.39×103 = 0.01
0.781500)( 645×2.5)

try link : HIO Asw =

157
S 157/0.01
Spacing ,
=

= 15700 mm 7 0.75cL

Where 5 Use :
maximum
spacing ,

-0.75 D=
-

0.7516457 = 484mm HIO -300

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam
BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

Deflection
check at span I -4

of
Percentage required tension reinforcement ,

P = As
.my/bd =
1038/(300×645) = 0.005

Reference reinforcement ratio ,

"
(2 5) 2×10
" "

Po = (f # ✗ 10-3 = =
0.005

Percentage
'
of
required compression reinforcement ,

P = A's .mg/bd =
0/(300×635) = 0

Factor for structural K 1 } ( End at continuous beam )

system
= .

span
P > % Use equation (2)

1--14/11+1
Po
]
"

1- Jfc
d
-

5) for .

p -

p
,
+
12
"
Pp (2)

= 1.3 (111-7.51-0) = 24

Modification factor for steel area

provided ,

= As.pro/As.req =
1257/1038 = 1.21

Therefore allowable effective ratio

span depth
-

( '/d) allowable = 24×1.21 = 29

Actual
span effective depth
-

①d) actual = 5750/645 = 8.91 < ( '/d)allowable 0k !

Check at span 4- G)

of
Percentage required tension reinforcement ,

P = As
.my/bd = 6 /(300×645) = 0.00003
Reference reinforcement ratio ,

"
(2 5) 2×10
" "

Po = (f # ✗ 10-3 = =
0.005

Percentage
'
of
required compression reinforcement ,

P = A's .mg/bd =
0/(350×645) = 0

Factor for structural K 1 } ( End at continuous beam )

system
= .

span
P L % Use equation (2)

+3.21%(1-1) ]
"

14/11+1 5)
I %
=
tou (1)
d-
-
,

p -

= 1.3 (11+12501-34117) = 45991

Modification factor for steel area

provided ,

= As.pro/As.req =
628/6 =
104
Therefore allowable effective ratio
span depth
-

( '/d) allowable =
45991×104 =
4783064
Actual
span effective depth
-

④d) actual = 4150/845 = 6.4 < ( '/d)allowable 0k !

Cracking
width Wmax 0.3mm
Limiting crack =
,

steel stress ,

G3Qa I
fs = ✗

(1.356×+1.504) 8

(55.81+(0.3×4.23)) N/mm2
=
500 316
1.0
=
✗ ✗
, ,,
,
81.69

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 TITLE:

FKAAB
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Built-Environment

BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Continuous Beam

BEAM NO :
131/1-6
DATE: PAGE:

Reference Calculations Remarks

|~tʰ
Max allowable bar = 100mm
.

spacing
""
%" "
5=(300-2135)-2110) -
(20) ] /2 • • •

= 95mm < 100 mm

< ˢx ˢ >

Ok !

Detailing

¥
Ei

DESIGNED BY: Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari CHECKED BY:
CF210208.
 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 1
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Specification

5750mm
4075mm 1675mm
C
F1 = Case 2

2150mm
F1 F2 = Case 1
F2
F3 = One-way

B2

1500mm
F3

B1

1 3 4

Design Beam B2 / 1 - 4

Dimension:

Effective span, 𝐿= 5.750 m

Characteristic actions:
Permanent, gk = 1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (Excluding selfweight)
Variable, qk = 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Design life = 50 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.1 𝐸𝑁 1990)
Fire resistance = 𝑅60 (𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑤)
Exposure classes = 𝑋𝐶3
Structure classes = 𝑆4
Slab thickness = 150 mm
Brickwall weight = 2.40 kN/m2
Brickwall height = 3.66 m

Material

Characteristic strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 N/𝑚𝑚2

3.1.2(3)
Characteristic strength of steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚2
3.2.2(2)
Characteristic strength of link, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 N/𝑚𝑚2
Assumed Ø bar 1 = 20 mm
Ø bar 2 = 12 mm
Ø link = 10 mm

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 2
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Size

Overall depth, h = L/13 = 5750/13 = 442 mm Use: 𝑏 × ℎ

Width, b = 0.4h = 0.4 × 442 = 177 mm = 200 × 450

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏 = 20mm

Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durability, 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 = 25mm
Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance,
𝑎𝑠𝑑 = 25 + 10 = 35mm

Min. cover with regard to fire,

Ø
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑎𝑠𝑑 − Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 − 𝑏𝑎𝑟
2
20
= 35 − 10 − 2 = 15mm
4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, ∆ 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 10mm
4.4.1.1(2) Use:
Nominal cover, 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 35 mm
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆ 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 25 + 10 = 35mm

Loading & Analysis

Loading on Slab:
Selfweight, 𝑔𝑘 = (0.2 × 25 N/mm3 ) + 1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 6 𝑘𝑁/m2

Finishes = 1 𝑘𝑁/m2

Action:
Permanent action, 𝑔𝑘 = 7 𝑘𝑁/m2
Variable action, 𝑞𝑘 = 1.5 𝑘𝑁/m2
Action from brick wall:
Brickwall weight = 2.40 kN/m2 x 3.66 m = 8.78 kN/m

Action on beam:
Beam selfweight = (0.2m x 0.45m) x 25 N/mm3 = 2.25 kN/m

Distribution action

FS 1 Ly/Lx = 4075/2150 = 1.90 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab) (Case 2)

FS 2 Ly/Lx = 2150/1675 = 1.28 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab) (Case 1)
FS 3 Ly/Lx = 5750/1500 = 3.83 > 2.0 (One-way Slab)

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 3
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Loading calculation on primary beam

Action on slab

From slab FS1

𝑤1 Gk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.60(7)(2.150) = 9.03 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤1 Qk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.60(1.5)(2.150) = 1.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

From slab FS2

𝑤2 Gk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.33(7)(1.675) = 3.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤2 Qk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.33(1.5)(1.675) = 0.83 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

From slab FS3

𝑤3 Gk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.50(7)(1.500) = 5.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤3 Qk = 𝐵𝑣 . 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 0.50(1.5)(1.500) = 1.13 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Total action on beam B2/1-3

Permanent, Gk = Gk from slab FS1+FS3+brickwall load + beam selfweight
= 9.03 + 5.25 + 8.78 + 2.25
= 25.31 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Variable, Qk = Qk from slab FS1+FS3
= 1.94 + 1.13
= 3.07 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Total action on beam B2/3-4
Permanent, Gk = Gk from slab FS2+FS3+ brickwall load + beam selfweight
= 3.87 + 5.25 + 8.78 + 2.25
= 20.15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Variable, Qk = Qk from slab FS2+FS3
= 0.83 + 1.13
= 1.96 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Maximum,
= 1.35(Gk)+1.5(Qk)

Span B2/1-3
= 1.35(25.31) +1.5(3.07)
= 38.77

Span B2/3-4
= 1.35(20.15) +1.5(1.96)
= 30.14

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 4
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Minimum,
= 1.35(Gk)

Span B2/1-3
= 1.35(25.31)
= 34.17

Span B2/3-4
= 1.35(20.15)
= 27.21

Gk = 25.31 kN/m Gk = 20.15 kN/m

Qk = 3.07 kN/m Qk = 1.96 kN/m

Case 1 max

61.13
10.65

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 5
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Case 2 max-min

58.50

12.92

Case 3 min-max

56.53
6.61

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: PAGE: 6
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 17/1/24
Reference Calculations Remarks

Main Reinforcement

Effective depth
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 − Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 /2 = 450 − 35 − 10 − 20/2
= 395𝑚𝑚
Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 20
𝑑′ = 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 + Ø𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 + = 35 + 10 +
2 2
= 55 𝑚𝑚
Span 1-3: Case 2

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 53.35 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝐾 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
53.35×106
= 200×3952 ×25 = 0.068 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 (0.167)

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾/1.134]
√0.25−0.068
= 395 [0.5 + 1.134
]
= 370𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.95𝑑 0.95(395) = 375.25 𝑚𝑚

Area of tension steel

Since K < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀/0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑍
53.35×106 Use:
= = 331.47𝑚𝑚2
0.87(500)(370) 2H20 (628𝑚𝑚2 )

Support 3: Case 1

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 60.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝐾 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
60.11×106
= 200×3952 ×25 = 0.077 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 (0.167)

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 /1.134]
= 395[0.5 + √0.25 − 0.077/1.134]
= 366 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.95𝑑
Area of tension steel
Since K < 𝐾 𝑏𝑎𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 /0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑙
0.167×25×200×3952
Use:
0.87(500)(366)
= 784 𝑚𝑚2 3H20 (943𝑚𝑚2 )

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKa AB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: PAGE: 7
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024 17/1/24
Reference Calculations Remarks

Span 3-4: Case 2

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 53.35 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝐾 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
53.35×106
= 200×3952 ×25 = 0.068 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 (0.167)

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾/1.134]
√0.25−0.068
= 395 [0.5 + 1.134
] Use:
= 370 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.95𝑑 0.95(395) = 375.25 𝑚𝑚 2H20 (628𝑚𝑚2 )

Area of tension steel

Since K < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀/0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑍
53.35×106
= 0.87(500)(370)
= 331.47𝑚𝑚2

Shear Reinforcement

Concrete strut capacity

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.36 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250)/(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
25
= 0.36 × 200 × 395 × 25 (1 − )/(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
250
= 220 𝑘𝑁 → 𝜃 = 22° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 2.5
= 320 𝑘𝑁 → 𝜃 = 45° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 1.0

Support 1, Case 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 64.32 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /0.78 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
64.32×103
= (0.78×500×395×2.5)
= 0.17

Try link: H10 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚2

Spacing, 𝑆 = 157/0.17
= 924 𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑑

Where maximum spacing, S Use:

H10-300
= 0.75𝑑 = 0.75(395) = 296.25 𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 8
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Support 3, Case 1
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 61.13 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /0.78 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
61.13×103
= (0.78×500×395×2.5)
= 0.16
Try link: H10 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆 = 157/0.16
= 981𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑑

Where maximum spacing, S Use:

= 0.75𝑑 = 0.75(395) = 296.25 𝑚𝑚 H10-300

Support 4, Case 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 12.92 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /0.78 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
12.92×103
=
(0.78×500×395×2.5)
= 0.03
Try link: H10 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆 = 157/0.03
= 5233 𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑑

Where maximum spacing, S Use:

= 0.75𝑑 = 0.75(395) = 296.25 𝑚𝑚 H10-300

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 9
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Deflection
Check at span 1-3
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
331.47
= = 0.004
200×395

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑜 = ( 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/2 × 10−3

= (25)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃′ = 𝐴′𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
0
= = 0
200×395

Factor for structural system, 𝐾 = 1.3

𝑃 > 𝑃𝑜 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)

𝑙 𝑃𝑜 1 𝑃′
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + √ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 √𝑃 ] (2)
𝑑 𝑃−𝑃′ 12 𝑜

= 1.3 (11 + 9.38 + 0) = 26.49

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 4.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

628
= 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 /𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 331.47 = 1.89 ≥ 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

𝑙
(𝑑) = 26.49 × 1.0 × 1.5 = 39.74
𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

Actual span-effective depth,

4075 OK!
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 395 = 10.32 < (𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

Check at span 3-4

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
331.47
= 200×395 = 0.004

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑜 = ( 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/2 × 10−3

= (25)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.005

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 10
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃′ = 𝐴′𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑
0
= 200×395 = 0

Factor for structural system, 𝐾 = 1.3

𝑃 > 𝑃𝑜 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)

𝑙 𝑃𝑜 1 𝑃′
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + √ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 √𝑃 ] (2)
𝑑 𝑃−𝑃′ 12 𝑜

= 1.3 (11 + 9.38 + 0) = 26.49

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 4.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

628
= 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 /𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 331.47 = 1.89 ≥ 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

𝑙
( ) = 26.49 × 1.0 × 1.5 = 39.74
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

Actual span-effective depth,

4075
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 10.32 < (𝑙/𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 OK!
395

Cracking

Limiting crack width, 𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.3𝑚𝑚

Steel stress,

𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐺𝑘 +0.3𝑄𝑘 1
𝑓𝑠 = × ×
1.15 (1.35𝐺𝑘 +1.5𝑄𝑘 ) ⸹
500 25.31+0.3(3.07)
= × × 1.0
1.15 (1.35(25.31)+1.5(3.07))
= 287 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Max. allowable bar spacing = 100 mm

Bar spacing,

[200−2(40)−2(10)−(20)] s
𝑠= 2
OK!
= 40 𝑚𝑚 < 100 𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : B2 / 1 - 4 DATE: 17/1/24 PAGE: 11
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Detailing

2𝐻10 − 300
2𝐻12

2𝐻20
4𝐻10 − 300
2𝐻10 − 300

5750 𝑚𝑚
− 300
4𝐻10

2𝐻20
2𝐻12

− 300
6𝐻10
− 300

450 𝑚𝑚
4𝐻10

200 𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Shahrul Hakim (CF210357) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 1
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Specification

2000mm 1000mm

H 925
2075mm mm

F2 F3
1075mm
F1
F

F6
F5
2000mm F4

1 2 3 3A

Design Beam F/ 1 – 3A

SPECIFICATION

Effective span, 𝑙𝑙 = 5.075m

Characteristic actions:
Permanent, gk = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚 (Excluding selfweight)
Variable, qk c = 1.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
Design life = 50 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 (𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑇𝑇𝑙𝑙𝑦𝑦 2.1 𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 1990)
Fire resistance = 𝑅𝑅60 (𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚 𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑏𝑏 𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 𝑙𝑙𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙)
Exposure classes = 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋3
Structure classes = 𝑆𝑆4
Slab thickness = 150mm
Brickwall weight = 2.40 kN/m2
Brickwall height = 3.66 m

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 2
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

MATERIAL

Characteristic strength of concrete, 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 25 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

3.1.2(3) Use: 𝑇𝑇 × ℎ
3.2.2(2)
Characteristic strength of steel, 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
= 200 × 400
Characteristic strength of link, 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 = 500 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 N/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Assumed Ø bar 1 = 20 mm
Ø bar 2 = 12 mm
Ø link = 10 mm

Size

Overall depth, h = L/13 = 5075/13 = 390mm

Width, b = 0.4h = 0.4 × 390 = 156mm

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements

Table 4.2
Table 4.4N
Min. cover with regard to bond, 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑏𝑏 = 20mm
Min. cover with regard to durability, 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 25mm
Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance,
𝑦𝑦𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 = 25 + 10 = 35 mm

Min. cover with regard to fire,

Ø
𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑦𝑦𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 − Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
2
20
= 35−10 − = 15mm
4.4.1.3 2
4.4.1.1(2) Allowance in design for deviation, ∆ 𝑋𝑋𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 10mm
Nominal cover,
𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 = 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + ∆ 𝑋𝑋𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 25 + 10 = 35mm Use: 35 mm

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 3
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Loading & Analysis

Loading on Slab:
Selfweight, 𝑏𝑏𝑘𝑘 = (0.2 × 25 N/mm3 ) + 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚 = 6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/m2
Finishes = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/m2
Permanent action, 𝑏𝑏𝑘𝑘 = 7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/m2
Variable action, 𝑞𝑞𝑘𝑘 = 1.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/m2

Action from brick wall:

Brickwall weight = 2.40 kN/m2 x 3.66 m = 8.78 kN/m

Action on beam:
Beam selfweight = (0.2m x 0.4m) x 25 N/mm3 = 2 kN/m

Distribution action

FS 1 Ly/Lx = 2075/1075 = 1.93 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)

FS 2 Ly/Lx = 2000/2000 = 1.00 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)
FS 3 Ly/Lx = 2000/1000 = 2.00 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)
FS 4 Ly/Lx = 2075/2000 = 1.93 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)
FS 5 Ly/Lx = 2000/2000 = 1.00 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)
FS 6 Ly/Lx = 2000/1000 = 2.00 < 2.0 (Two-way Slab)

Loading calculation on primary beam

Action on slab

From slab FS1

𝑙𝑙1 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.40(7)(2.075) = 5.23𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙1 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.40(1.5)(2.075) = 1.25𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

From slab FS2

𝑙𝑙2 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(7)(2.000) = 5.04𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙2 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(1.5)(2.000) = 1.08𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

From slab FS3

𝑙𝑙3 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(7)(1.000) = 2.52𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙3 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(1.5)(1.000) = 0.54𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

From slab FS4

𝑙𝑙4 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(7)(2.075) = 5.23𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙4 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(1.5)(2.075) = 1.12𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

From slab FS5

𝑙𝑙5 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(7)(2.000) = 5.04𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙5 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.36(1.5)(2.000) = 1.08𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 4
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

From slab FS6

𝑙𝑙6 Gk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.33(7)(1.000) = 2.31𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑙6 Qk = 𝐵𝐵𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 . 𝑈𝑈𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 0.33(1.5)(1.000) = 0.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Total action on beam F/1-2

Permanent, Gk = Gk from slab FS1+FS4+brickwall load + beam selfweight
= 5.23+5.23+8.784+2
= 21.24𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Variable, Qk = Qk from slab FS1+FS4

= 1.25+1.22
= 2.74𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Total action on beam F/2-3

Permanent, Gk = Gk from slab FS2+FS5+ brickwall load + beam selfweight
= 5.04+5.04+8.784+2
= 20.86𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Variable, Qk = Qk from slab FS2+FS5

= 1.08+1.08
= 2.16𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Total action on beam F/3-3A

Permanent, Gk = Gk from slab FS3+ FS6+brickwall load + beam selfweight
= 2.52+2.31+8.784+2
= 15.60𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Variable, Qk = Qk from slab FS3+FS6

= 0.54+0.5
= 1.04𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 5
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Maximum,
= 1.35(Gk)+1.5(Qk)
Span F/1-2
= 1.35(21.24) +1.5(2.74)
= 32.78

Span F/2-3
= 1.35(20.86) +1.5(2.16)
= 32.27

Span F/3-3A
= 1.35(15.60) +1.5(1.04)
= 22.62

Minimum,
= 1.35(Gk)
Span F/1-2
= 1.35(21.24)
= 28.67

Span F/2-3
= 1.35(20.86)
= 28.16

Span F/3-3A
= 1.35(15.60)
= 21.06

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 6
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

CASE 1: ALL SPAN MAX MAX

17.91
26.64

-4.70

-27.93

5.47
4.87

-6.56

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 7
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

CASE 2: MAX – MIN – MAX

16.78
27.05

-5.83
-23.61

4.43
0.75

-5.47

CASE 3: MIN - MAX - MIN

17.47
22.96

-3.58
-28.70

5.82

0.30

-0.94

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 8
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Main Reinforcement

Effective depth
𝑏𝑏 = ℎ − 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 − Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 − Ø𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 /2 = 400 − 35 − 10 − 20/2
= 345𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Ø𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 20
𝑏𝑏 ′ = 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚 + Ø𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 + = 35 + 10 +
2 2
= 55 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Span 1-2: Case 2
Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 11.14𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 2 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘
11.14×106
= = 0.018 < 𝐾𝐾𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙 (0.167)
200×3452 ×25

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍𝑍 = 𝑏𝑏�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾 /1.134�
= 345�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.018/1.134� = 340 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 340𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.95𝑏𝑏 0.95(345) = 328 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Area of tension reinforcement

Since K < 𝐾𝐾 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀𝑀/0.87𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍

11.14×106 2
= 78.08𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
0.87(500)(328) Use:
2H20
(628𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )
Support 2: case 1
Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 15.28𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 2 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘
15.28×106
= = 0.03 < 𝐾𝐾𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙 (0.167)
200×3452 ×25

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍𝑍 = 𝑏𝑏�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 /1.134�
= 345�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.03/1.134� = 336 𝑚𝑚
= 336𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 0.95𝑏𝑏 0.95(345) = 328 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Area of tension reinforcement
Since K < 𝐾𝐾 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀𝑀/0.87𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍

15.28×106 2
0.87(500)(328) = 107𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Use:
3H20
(943𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 9
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Span 2-3 : Case 1

Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 5.47𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 2 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘
5.47×106
= = 0.009 < 𝐾𝐾𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙 (0.167)
200×3452 ×25

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍𝑍 = 𝑏𝑏�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾 /1.134�
= 345�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.009/1.134� = 342 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 342𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.95𝑏𝑏 0.95(345) = 328 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Area of tension reinforcement

Since K < 𝐾𝐾 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀𝑀/0.87𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍

5.47×106 2 Use:
= 38.34𝑚𝑚
0.87(500)(328) 2H20
(628𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )
Support 3: case 1
Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 6.56𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 2 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘
6.56×106
= = 0.011 < 𝐾𝐾𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙 (0.167)
200×3452 ×25

No compression reinforcement required

𝑍𝑍 = 𝑏𝑏�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾 /1.134�
= 345�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.011/1.134� = 342𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 342𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.95𝑏𝑏 ( )
0.95 345 = 328 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Area of tension reinforcement
Since K < 𝐾𝐾 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀𝑀/0.87𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍

6.56×106 Use:
2
0.87(500)(328) = 45.98𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2H20
(628𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )
Span 3-4 : Case 1
Design bending moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 4.87𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑀𝑀/𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 2 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘
4.87×106
= = 0.008 < 𝐾𝐾𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦𝑙𝑙 (0.167)
200×3452 ×25
No compression reinforcement required
𝑍𝑍 = 𝑏𝑏�0.5 + √0.25 − 𝐾𝐾 /1.134�
= 345�0.5 + √0.25 − 0.003/1.134� = 344 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 344𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.95𝑏𝑏 0.95(345) = 328 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Area of tension reinforcement
Since K < 𝐾𝐾 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 use equation
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀𝑀/0.87𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑍𝑍 Use:
4.87×106 2 2H20
0.87(500)(328) = 34.13𝑚𝑚
(628𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 )

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 10
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Shear Reinforcement

Concrete strut capacity

𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.36 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 𝑏𝑏 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1 − 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 /250)/(𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑐𝑐𝑦𝑦𝑈𝑈 𝜃𝜃)
25
= 0.36 × 200 × 345 × 25 (1 − )/(𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑐𝑐𝑦𝑦𝑈𝑈 𝜃𝜃)
250
= 124𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → 𝜃𝜃 = 22° 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 = 2.5
= 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → 𝜃𝜃 = 45° 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 = 1.0

Support 1, case 2
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 27.05𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.78 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
27.05×103
=
(0.78×500×345×2.5)
= 0.08
Try link: H10 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 157/0.08 Use:
= 19625𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑏𝑏 = 259 H10-300

Support 2, case 1
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 41.37𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.78 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
41.37×103
=
(0.78×500×345×2.5)
= 0.12
Try link: H10 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 157/0.12
= 1308𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑏𝑏 = 259
Use:
H10-300

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 11
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Support 3, case 3
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 28.70𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.78 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
28.70×103
=
(0.78×500×345×2.5)
= 0.09
Try link: H10 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 157/0.15
= 1046𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑏𝑏 = 259

Use:
H10-300
Support 4, case 2
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = 5.83𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃22 = 2.5°
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑,𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃45 = 1.0°

Therefore angle 𝜃𝜃 < 22°

Shear links
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 /𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 /0.78 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
5.83×103
=
(0.78×500×345×2.5)
= 0.017
Try link: H10 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤 = 157𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Spacing, 𝑆𝑆 = 157/0.021
= 7476𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > 0.75𝑏𝑏 = 259
Use:
H10-300

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 12
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Deflection

Check at span 1-2

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
78.08
= = 0.001
200×345

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = ( 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )1/2 × 10−3

= (25)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃𝑃′ = 𝐴𝐴′𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
0
= = 0
200𝑚𝑚345

Factor for structural system, 𝐾𝐾 = 1.3

𝑃𝑃 < 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦𝑞𝑞𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 (1)

3
𝑙𝑙 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 2
= 𝐾𝐾 �11 + 1.5� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 3.2� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � − 1� �
𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃

= 1.3(11 + 37.5 + 128) = 229.45

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 5.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

= 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑝𝑝𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 /𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 = 628/78.08 = 49.27

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 = 229.45 × 1 × 49.27 = 11305

Actual span-effective depth,

(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 =
2075
= 6.01 < (𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 OK!
345

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 13
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Check at span 2-3

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
38.34
= = 0.0006
200×345

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = ( 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )1/2 × 10−3

= (25)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃𝑃′ = 𝐴𝐴′𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
0
= = 0
200𝑚𝑚345

Factor for structural system, 𝐾𝐾 = 1.5

𝑃𝑃 < 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦𝑞𝑞𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 (1)
3
𝑙𝑙 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 2
= 𝐾𝐾 �11 + 1.5� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 3.2� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � − 1� �
𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃

= 1.5(11 + 62.5 + 318) = 587.25

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 5.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

= 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑝𝑝𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 /𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 = 628/38.34 = 16.38

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 = 587.25 × 1 × 16.38 = 9619

Actual span-effective depth,

2000 OK!
(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = = 5.80 < (𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑
345

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 14
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Check at span 3-4

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
34.13
= = 0.0005
200×345

Reference reinforcement ratio,

𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = ( 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )1/2 × 10−3

= (25)1/2 × 10−3 = 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforcement,

𝑃𝑃′ = 𝐴𝐴′𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 /𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏
0
= = 0
200𝑚𝑚345

Factor for structural system, 𝐾𝐾 = 1.3

𝑃𝑃 < 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 𝑈𝑈𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦𝑞𝑞𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 (1)
3
𝑙𝑙 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 2
= 𝐾𝐾 �11 + 1.5� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 3.2� 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � − 1� �
𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃

= 1.3(11 + 18.37 + 432) = 600

Modification factor for span greater than 7m,

= 5.075 < 7
= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided,

= 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑝𝑝𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 /𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑟𝑟 = 628/34.13 = 18.40

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑 = 600 × 1 × 18.40 = 11040

Actual span-effective depth, OK!

1000
(𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = = 2.90 < (𝑙𝑙/𝑏𝑏)𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑤𝑤𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙𝑑𝑑
345

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 15
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Cracking

Limiting crack width, 𝑊𝑊𝑚𝑚𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 = 0.3𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Steel stress,

𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝐺𝐺𝑦𝑦 +0.3𝑄𝑄𝑦𝑦 1

𝑈𝑈𝑠𝑠 = × ×
1.15 (1.35𝐺𝐺𝑦𝑦 +1.5𝑄𝑄𝑦𝑦 ) ⸹
500 21.24+0.3(2.74)
= × × 1.0
1.15 (1.35(21.24)+1.5(2.74))
= 292.59 𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

Max. allowable bar spacing = 100 mm

Bar spacing,
s
[200−2(35)−2(10)−(20)]
𝑦𝑦 = OK!
2
= 45 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 100 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 FKAAB
TITLE: CONTINUOUS BEAM

Faculty of Civil Engineering and

Built-Environment
BEAM NO : F/ 1 – 3A DATE: 18/1/24 PAGE: 16
BFC34702 SEMESTER 1 2023/2024

Reference Calculations Remarks

Detailing

2𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300
2𝐻𝐻12
2𝐻𝐻20

4𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300

2𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300

5075 𝑚𝑚

4𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300

2𝐻𝐻12 2𝐻𝐻20

5𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300

4𝑋𝑋𝐻𝐻10
− 300 400 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
200 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

DESIGNED BY: Mohammad Nur Akmal (CF210362) CHECKED BY:

 Continuous Supported Beam

3a / E - H 19/1/2024 4

Case 1 max

24.79

-24.50

9.17

Case 2 max-min

23.86

-22.14

Case 3 min-max

22.39

-23.59

NUR ALIA NAJIIHAH AZMAN CF220079

Case 1 : Max-max

Casec2 : Max-min

Case 3 : Min-max
 Conclusion

To summarize this project, we achieved objectives of the project. Both simply and continuous
beam successfully designed by manual calculation. There is 5 different location of beam
calculated. The for shear force reinforcement, beam deflection, and even cracking also has been
determined. This course is very important to civil engineering students, which help students
calculate the deflection and cracking of the beam. Collapse or building failure may be occur in the
future if the building is not properly constructed. We successfully produce different result from
the beam design. Even though there is maybe multiple times of calculating and designing the beam,
the data are all inside the qualified results range, so we expected that the beam designed obtained
are fortunate. Finally, we learned how to calculate and create a high standard of beam structure by
referring to our learning slide and the internet. Some of modern application used to help us create
more efficient and accurate design such as AutoCAD and save much time to complete this project.
 APPENDIX

Minutes of meeting 1

Meeting No.: 1 Date: 1 January 2024 Time: 10.45 p.m.

Method of Meeting WhatsApp Group

1. Mohammad Nur Akmal Bin Mat Sairi (CF210362)

2. Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari (CF210208)

Attendance: (Leader)
3. Nur Alia Najiihah Binti Azman (CF220079)
4. Nur Edreena Binti Mokhzamany (CF220029) (Minutes Taker)
5. Shahrul Hakim Bin Mohd Shuhairi (CF210357)

Meeting Agenda

No. Details Person in Charge

1. Appointed leader of the group. All members
2. Choose simple supported beam and continuous beam for each All members
member.
Discuss about structural plan layout.
3. All members
Prepared by: edreena Verified by:
Nur Edreena Binti Mokhzamany Dr. Siti Radziah Binti Abdullah

Figure 1: Group meeting

Minutes of meeting 2

Meeting No.: 1 Date: 13 January 2024 Time: 10.45 p.m.

Method of Meeting WhatsApp Group

1. Mohammad Nur Akmal Bin Mat Sairi (CF210362)

2. Muhammad Nabil Ikhwan Bin Mohd Johari (CF210208)

Attendance: (Leader)
3. Nur Alia Najiihah Binti Azman (CF220079)
4. Nur Edreena Binti Mokhzamany (CF220029) (Minutes Taker)
5. Shahrul Hakim Bin Mohd Shuhairi (CF210357)

Meeting Agenda

No. Details Person in Charge

1. Deciding specification for design for all members. All members
2. Discuss on how to design the beam. All members
Prepared by: edreena Verified by:
Nur Edreena Binti Mokhzamany Dr. Siti Radziah Binti Abdullah

Figure 2: Second group meeting