AS BIOLOGY
LESSON PLAN 2021 – 2022
Term II
Day Chapter Learning Objective Teaching points Activity Assignment
1 2.7 Understanding The mechanism of action Video Pg no 103,
the biocatalyst and the specificity of 107
enzymes in terms of their
three-dimensional
structure enzymes are
biological catalysts that
reduce activation energy
there are intracellular
enzymes catalysing
reactions inside cells and
extracellular enzymes
catalysing reactions
outside cells.
2 2.9,2.10, To understand The basic structure of Power Point Pg no-110
2.11 the basic mononucleotides
structure of (deoxyribose or ribose
linked to a phosphate and
mononucleotides
a base, including
and the basic thymine, uracil, adenine,
structure of RNA cytosine or guanine)
and DNA.
The Structures of DNA
and RNA (polynucleotides
composed of
mononucleotides linked
by condensation
reactions to form
phosphodiester bonds)
3 2.12 Involvement of how complementary base Model Pg no- 116
triplet codes pairing and the hydrogen making
bonding between two
complementary strands
To know
are involved in the
Meselson and formation of the DNA
Stahl classic double helix the process
experiment of DNA replication,
including the role of DNA
polymerase
How Meselson and Stahl’s
classic experiment
provided new data that
supported the accepted
theory of replication of
DNA and refuted
competing theories the
nature of the genetic
code (triplet code, non-
overlapping and
degenerate) a gene is a
sequence of bases on a
DNA molecule that codes
for a sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
chain
4 2.13 Understand the The process of protein Video Pg no-119,
concept of synthesis (transcription 116,127,128
transcriptase and and translation),
including the role of RNA
translation
polymerase, translation,
messenger RNA, transfer
Understand the RNA, ribosomes and the
concept of role of start and stop
replication codons
The roles of the DNA
template (antisense)
strand in transcription,
codons on messenger
RNA and anticodons on
transfer RNA
2.13 To know about How errors in DNA Pg no 116,
the different replication can give rise 127,128
types of to mutations
mutation
(substitution, insertion
and deletion of bases)
some mutations will give
rise to cancer or genetic
disorders, but many
mutations will have no
observable effect
5 2.15 To know about What is meant by the Power point Pg no- 133
the different term terms gene, allele,
genotype, phenotype,
recessive, dominant,
codominance,
homozygote and
heterozygote patterns of
inheritance,
6 2.16, 2.17 To find in the Including the Power point Pg No: 137
pedigree diagram interpretation of genetic
pedigree diagrams, in the
context of monohybrid
To know about
inheritance sex linkage
the gene on the X chromosome,
mutation including red-green
colour blindness in
humans.
How the expression of a
gene mutation in people
with cystic fibrosis
impairs the functioning of
the gaseous exchange,
digestive and
reproductive systems the
uses of genetic
screening, including the
identification of carriers,
pre-implantation genetic
diagnosis (PGD) and
prenatal testing,
including amniocentesis
and chorionic villus
sampling
7 2.18 To know prenatal The implications of Pg no 145
genetic screening prenatal genetic
screening the ethical and
social issues relating to
genetic screening from a
range of ethical
viewpoints, including
religious, moral and
social implications
8 2.18 CORE PRACTICAL 4 Video To write
Investigate the effect of observation of
temperature, pH, enzyme experiment
concentration and
substrate concentration
on the initial rate of
enzyme-catalysed
reactions.
RECOMMENDED
ADDITIONAL PRACTICAL
Use a semi-quantitative
method to estimate
protein concentration
using biuret reagent and
colour standards.
RECOMMENDED
ADDITIONAL PRACTICAL
Investigate tissue water
potentials using plant
tissue and graded
concentrations of a
solute.
9 3.1,3.2 To know the All living organisms are Power point
structure of the made of cells, sharing
cell organelles some common features
how the cells of
multicellular organisms
are organised into
tissues, tissues into
organs and organs into
organ systems
The ultrastructure of
eukaryotic cells, including
nucleus, nucleolus,
ribosomes, rough and
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum, mitochondria,
centrioles, lysosomes and
Golgi apparatus and its
function
10 3.5 The structure of The ultrastructure of Power point Pg no 159
prokaryotic cell prokaryotic cells,
including cell wall,
capsule, plasmid,
flagellum, pili, ribosomes
and circular DNA, and the
function of these
structure
11 3.6 Recognize the organelles Power point Pg no 161
Principle of in eukaryotic cells from
electron microscope (EM)
electron
images how
microscope magnification and
resolution can be
achieved using light.
12 3.9, 3.7 To know the A locus is the location of Tabulate the Pg no 165,
location of the genes on a chromosome chromosome 166
genes the linkage of genes on a
chromosome
To know electron microscopy the
importance importance of staining
specimens in microscopy
13 3.14 To know the role The role of mitosis and Video Pg no- 176,
of the mitosis and the cell cycle in 181
meiosis. producing genetically
identical daughter cells
for growth and asexual
reproduction
calculate mitotic indices
The role of meiosis in
ensuring genetic
variation through the
production of non-
identical gametes as a
consequence of
independent assortment
of chromosomes in
metaphase I and crossing
over of alleles between
chromatids in prophase I
14 3.11 To know How mammalian Power point Pg no 184,187
specialized cells gametes are specialised
for their functions
(including the acrosome
To know the
in sperm and the zona
fertilization of the pellucida in the egg cell)
mammals
The process of
fertilisation in mammals,
including the acrosome
reaction, the cortical
reaction and the fusion of
nuclei
15 3.13 To know the The process of Video Pg no 189
fertilization in fertilisation in flowering
flowering plant. plants, starting with the
growth of a pollen tube
and ending with the
fusion of nuclei
16 3.17 To know concept What is meant by the video Pg no 211
of stem cell terms stem cell,
pluripotent and
totipotent, morula and
blastocyst
17 3.18 Basic concept of Discuss the ways in which Power point Pg no 197, 208
stem cell society uses scientific
knowledge to make
decisions about the use
of stem cells in medical
therapies
18 3.19 To know the How cells become Power point Pg no- 218
differential gene specialised through
expression. differential gene
expression, producing
active mRNA, leading to
the synthesis of proteins
which, in turn, control cell
processes or determine
cell structure in animals
and plants
19 3.20,3.21 To know the cell How epigenetic Power point Pg no 203
division variation modification, including
DNA methylation and
histone modification, can
alter the activation of
certain genes how
epigenetic modifications
can be passed on
following cell division
variation
20 4.1 To know the The structure and Power point Pg no-225,227
structure of plant ultrastructure of plant
function of EM cells including cell wall,
chloroplast, amyloplast,
vacuole, tonoplast,
plasmodesmata, pits and
middle lamella and
compare it with animal
cells
The function of these
structures recognise the
organelles in plant cells
from electron microscope
(EM) images
21 4.3 To know the The structure and Video
function of function of the
polysaccharides polysaccharides starch
and cellulose, including
the role of hydrogen
bonds between the β-
glucose molecules in the
formation of cellulose
microfibrils
22 4.4 To know the How the arrangement of Tabulate Pg no 231
arrangement of cellulose microfibrils and
cellulose secondary thickening in
plant cell walls
microfibrils.
contributes to the
physical properties of
xylem vessels and
sclerenchyma fibres in
plant fibres that can be
exploited by humans
23 4.5 To know the The similarities and Power point Pg no- 233
similarities and differences between the
differences in structures of, the position
part in the stem, and the
function of sclerenchyma
fibres (support), xylem
vessels (support and
transport of water and
mineral ions) and phloem
(translocation of organic
solutes)
19 4.6 CORE PRACTICAL 5 (i) use video To write the
a light microscope to observation
make observations and for the
labelled drawings of
experiment
suitable animal cells (ii)
use a graticule with a
microscope to make
measurements and
understand the concept
of scale
CORE PRACTICAL 6
Prepare and stain a root
tip squash to observe the
stages of mitosis.
20 Internal assessment
21 4.6 To know the How the uses of plant Power point Pg no 237
fibers and starch fibres and starch may
contribution contribute to
sustainability, including
plant-based products to
replace oil-based plastics
Project images of plant
stems to illustrate the
appearance and position
of tissues in a typical
dicotyledonous stem (e.g.
Helianthus or
Ranunculus).
22 4.7 CORE PRACTICAL 7 Use a Video To write the
light microscope to: (i) observation
make observations, draw for the
and label plan diagrams experiment
of transverse sections of
roots, stems and leaves
(ii) make observations,
draw and label cells of
plant tissues (iii) identify
sclerenchyma fibres,
phloem, sieve tubes and
xylem vessels and their
location
RECOMMENDED
ADDITIONAL PRACTICAL
Investigate factors
affecting the growth of
pollen tubes
RECOMMENDED
ADDITIONAL PRACTICAL
Investigate plant mineral
deficiencies. CORE
PRACTICAL 8 Determine
the tensile strength of
plant fibers.
CORE PRACTICAL 9
Investigate the
antimicrobial properties
of plants, including
aseptic techniques for the
safe handling of bacteria.
23 4.8 To know the All students should carry Workbook To practices
diameter xylem out practical work. This sum the sum
vessel activity could be
combined with the use of
a graticule to make
measurements, for
example, to determine
the mean diameter of a
xylem vessel. Understand
the importance of water
and inorganic ions
(nitrate, calcium ions and
magnesium ions) to
plants
24 4.10 Understand the Know that substances Power point Pg no 240
condition derived from plants can
required for have antimicrobial
bacterial growth
25 4.11 To understand Other therapeutic Power point
the therapeutic properties the conditions
properties required for bacterial
growth
26 4.13 Understand the The development of drug Power point Pg no 243
drug testing testing from historic to
contemporary protocols,
including William
Withering’s digitalis soup,
double blind trials,
placebo and three-
phased testing
27 4.12 To know how to Classification is a means Tabulate Pg no - 244
classify the of organizing the variety
organizing of life based on
relationships between
organisms using
differences and
similarities in phenotypes
and in genotypes, and is
built around the species
concept
28 Internal assessment
29 4.14 To understand The process and Tabulate Pg no 250, 254
the importance of importance of critical
classification evaluation of new data by
the scientific community
leading to new taxonomic
groupings, based on
molecular evidence,
including the three-
domain system (Archaea,
Bacteria and Eukarya)
30 4.14 To understand The process and Tabulate Pg no- 259, 261
the importance of importance of critical
classification evaluation of new data by
the scientific community
leading to new taxonomic
groupings, based on
molecular evidence,
including the three-
domain system (Archaea,
Bacteria and Eukarya)
31 4.15 Know that over Over time, the variety of Tabulate Pg no- 269
time the variety life has become
of life has extensive but is now
being threatened by
become extensive
human activity
but is now being
threatened by
human activity
32 4.16 Understand the What is meant by the Power point
terms biodiversity terms biodiversity and
and endemism endemism
33 4.19 To understand Index: how biodiversity Workbook Pg no- 273
the index of can be compared in sum
biodiversity. different habitats using
the formula to calculate
an index of diversity the
concept of niche and be
able to discuss
34 4.19 To understand To understand the Power point Pg no-277
the niche concept concept of adaptation
niche and be able to
discuss examples of
adaptation of organisms
to their environment.
35 4.20 To understand Examples of adaptations Power point Pg no- 280
the concept of of organisms to their
adaptation of environment
(behavioural, anatomical
organism
and physiological)
36 4.17,4.18 Calculate the How biodiversity can be Power point Given sum
biodiversity measured within a
habitat using species
richness
37 4.20 Understand the How the Hardy-Weinberg Workbook Pg no-284
concept of Hardy- equation can be used to
Weinberg see whether a change in
allele frequency is
occurring in a population
over time
38 Internal assessment
39 4.20 To know the Changes in allele Power point Pg no 299
change of allele frequency can come
about as a result of
mutation and natural
selection
40 4.20 To know Reproductive isolation Power point Pg no 301
reproductive can lead to accumulation
isolation of different genetic
information in
populations, potentially
leading to the formation
of new species
41 4.21 The methods used by Power point Pg no 289
zoos and seed banks in
the conservation of
endangered species and
their genetic diversity,
including scientific
research, captive
breeding programmes,
reintroduction
programmes and
education
42 4.19 Within a species using Workbook 300
genetic diversity by sum
calculating the
heterozygosity
43 4.19 Within a species using Workbook 294
genetic diversity by sum
calculating the
heterozygosity
44 4.20 Calculation of Hardy Workbook Given sum
Weinberg equation sum
