STATISTICS
Statistics
AND
and
Probability
PROBABILITY
Virtual Class
RANDOM VARIABLE
Quarter 3, Week 1
Classify me according to…
HEIGHT LENGTH OF HAIR
AGE NUMBER OF SIBLINGS
OBJECTIVES
1. Illustrates random variable ( discrete and continuous)
2. Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous
random variable
3. Finds the possible values of a random variable
4. Illustrates probability distribution for a discrete random
variable and its properties.
▪ is a numerical quantity that
Random is assigned to the outcome
Examples:
Variable of an experiment.
▪ a capital letter represents a
random variable.
Discrete Random Variable
A random variable that can take on a finite or countably
infinite) a number of distinct values.
Examples:
1. Number of heads obtained when tossing a coin thrice.
2. Number of siblings a person has.
3. The number of students present in a virtual classroom at a given
time.
Continuous Random Variable
A random variable that can take an infinitely
uncountable number of possible values, typically
measurable quantities.
Examples:
1. Time of a person can hold his/her breathe
2. The height or weight of a person
3. Body temperature
Classify each random variable as discrete or continuous.
Discrete 1. Score of a students in a quiz.
Continuous 2. How long students ate their breakfast.
Continuous 3. Time to finish running 100m.
Continuous 4. Amount of paint utilized in a building project.
Discrete 5. The number of recovery per day attributed to
Covid 19.
Classify each random variable as discrete or continuous.
Continuous 6. The speed of a car.
Discrete 7. The number of dropouts in a school district for
a
Discrete period of 5 years.
8. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
Continuous 9. The time needed to finish the
test.
Discrete 10. Number of eggs a hen lays.
Finding the Possible Values of Random
Variable
TOSSING THREE COINS
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random
variable representing the number of tails that occur. Find
the values of the variable Y. Complete the table
𝑛 3
2 =2 =8
Determine the
S = 𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝐻
sample space.
Possible Value of the Random
Count the Outcomes Variable Y (no. of tails)
number of 𝑇𝑇𝑇 3
tails in each 𝑇𝑇𝐻 2
outcome in 𝑇𝐻𝑇 2
the sample The possible
𝐻𝑇𝑇 2
space and values of the
assign this 𝐻𝐻𝑇 1
random
number to 𝐻𝑇𝐻 1 variable Y are
this outcome. 𝑇𝐻𝐻 1 0, 1, 2, and 3
𝐻𝐻𝐻 0
Finding the Possible Values of Random
Variable Drawing of balls from a box
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement
from a box containing 5 red balls and 6 yellow balls.
Let Z be the random variable representing the number
of yellow balls. Find the values of the random variable
Z.
𝑛 2
2 =2 =4
Determine the sample S = 𝑅𝑅, 𝑅𝑌, 𝑌𝑅, 𝑌𝑌
space.
Count the Value of the
number of Possible Random
yellow balls Outcomes Variable Z
in each 𝑅𝑅 0
outcome in The possible
the sample 𝑅𝑌 1 values of
space and the random
assign this 𝑌𝑅 1 variable Z
number to are
this 𝑌𝑌 2 0, 1, and 2
outcome.
Discrete Probability Distribution
A discrete probability distribution consist of the values a
random variable can assume and the corresponding
probabilities.
Example: If two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are HH, HT, TH,
or TT. The X is the random variable for the number of heads.
Possible Value of the No Heads One Head Two Heads
outcomes Random 1 2 1 1
Variable X =
4 4 2 4
HH
2
Number of
HT 0 1 2
1 heads, X
TH 1 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
Probability, P(X) =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
TT 0
Discrete Probability Distribution
Example 1: Construct a probability distribution for rolling a single die.
Sample space = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
𝟏
Each outcome has a probability of
𝟔
Outcome
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
P(X)
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
Properties of Discrete Probability Distribution
1. The sum of all probabilities should be 1.
𝑃 𝑋 =1
2. Probabilities should be confined between 0 and 1.
0 ≤𝑃 𝑋 ≤1
Outcome
,X 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
P(X) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑷 𝑿 = + + + + + =1
6 6 6 6 6 6
Properties of Discrete Probability Distribution
Example 2: Determine whether the distribution is a
discrete probability distribution.
𝑃 𝑋 =1 0 ≤𝑃 𝑋 ≤1
a.) b.) X 1 2 3 4 5
X 3 6 8
P(X) -0.3 0.6 0.7 P(X) 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
No, it is not a discrete
Yes, it is a discrete
probability distribution,
probability distribution.
P(X) cannot be -0.3
Example 3: Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing
the number of tails that occur. Construct the probability distribution and
draw the histogram
Possible Value of the
Number of tail/s 0 1 2 3
Random
outcomes Variable Y Probability, P(Y) 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
(number of tails) 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
TTT 3
TTH 2 𝟑
𝟖
THT 2
𝟐
HTT 2
𝟖
HHT 1
𝟏
HTH 1 𝟖
THH 1
0
0 1 2 3
HHH 0
Example 4: Box A and Box B contain 1, 2, 3, 4. Write the probability mass function
and draw the histogram of the sum when one number from each box is taken at a
time, with replacement.
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
P(X)
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
1 2 1 2 𝟒
3 4 3 4
𝟏𝟔
𝟑
( 1, 1 ) ( 2, 1 ) ( 3, 1 ) ( 4, 1 ) 𝟏𝟔
2 3 4 5
𝟐
( 1, 2 ) ( 2, 2 ) ( 3, 2 ) ( 4, 2 ) 𝟏𝟔
3 4 5 6
𝟏
( 1, 3 ) ( 2, 3 ) ( 3, 3 ) ( 4, 3 )
𝟏𝟔
4 5 6 7
( 1, 4 ) ( 2, 4 ) ( 3, 4) ( 4, 4 ) 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 6 7 8
Statistics
Choose the letter
and
of the correct
Probability
answer
Virtual Class
Which of the following is a discrete random
variable?
A. Length of wire ropes
B. Number of soldiers in the troop
C. Amount of paint used in repainting the
building
D. Voltage of car batteries
It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the
outcome of an experiment.
A. random variable
B. variable
C. probability
D. probability distribution
Which of the following is not a continuous
random variable?
A. The weight of the professional wrestlers
B. The number of winners in the lotto for
each day
C. The area of lots in an exclusive
subdivision
D. The speed of a car
If two coins are tossed once, which is NOT a
possible value of the random variable for the
number of heads?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
How many ways are there in tossing two coins
once?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Finding the Possible Values of Random Variable
Defective Cellphones
Supposed three cellphones are tested at random. Let X be the
random variable representing the number of defective cell
phones that occur. Find the values of the random variable X.
2𝑛 = 23 =8
Determine the SS = 𝑁𝑁𝑁, 𝑁𝑁𝐷, 𝑁𝐷𝑁, 𝐷𝑁𝑁, 𝑁𝐷𝐷, 𝐷𝑁𝐷, 𝐷𝐷𝑁, 𝐷𝐷𝐷
sample space.
Value of the Random
Count the Possible
Variable X
number of Outcomes
𝑁𝑁𝑁 0
defective cell
phones in 𝑁𝑁𝐷 1 The possible
each 𝑁𝐷𝑁 1 values of the
outcome in 𝐷𝑁𝑁 1 random
the sample 𝑁𝐷𝐷 2 variable X are
space and 0, 1, 2, and 3
𝐷𝑁𝐷 2
assign this
𝐷𝐷𝑁 2
number to
this outcome. 𝐷𝐷𝐷 3
