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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
Conference Paper · April 2014
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2178.2089
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Dr Lord Jaykishan Nayak Dhaneshwar Mahto
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on
Combined Cycle Performance
Lord Jaykishan Nayak & Dhaneshwar Mahto
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215
E-mail : lordnayak@gmail.com dhaneshbit@yahoo.co.in
Abstract – The present model deals with thermodynamic In the present model gas/steam power plant is
analysis of simple Combined cycle (gas and steam cycle) consider. In the gas/steam combined cycle power plant,
performance. Combined cycle power plant is a lot used to the gas turbine working on Brayton cycle is the topping
get higher efficiency. To increase the performance of cycle to which most of heat is supplied, where steam
combined cycle GTIT increases as it can raise the power
cycle working Rankine cycle is the bottoming cycle
output of gas turbine cycle and steam turbine cycle. In the
present analysis the GTIT varies from 1200K to 1700K. which utilize waste heat produced from topping cycle.
Then the specific power output, efficiency and specific fuel The gas/steam combined cycle efficiency ranges from
consumption are simulating with respect to GTIT for a set 47 to 60% as compared to 35-42% of conventional gas
of operating condition using MATLAB. or steam power plant.
Keywords – Gas turbine inlet temperature; single pressure
HRSG; specific power; Thermal efficiency; combined cycle. II. BASIC THERMODYNAMIC OF COMBINED
CYCLE:
I. INTRODUCTION
In the present analysis heat is loss between the
The energy demand in worldwide especially in higher and lower cycle.
developing countries is growing significantly as result of
economic growth, industrial expansion, high population
growth, and urbanization. Thermal power plants play a
major role in meeting this ever increasing demand.
Selection of proper thermodynamic cycle plays a vital
role in extraction of power from thermal power plants.
The power cycles are investigated with an overall
objective of providing high fuel conversion efficiency.
In all cases, the intension was to increase the efficiency
over that of single cycles.
The concept and development of combined cycle
originated from utilisation of waste heat of thermal
power plant. A combined cycle name implies is a
combination of two cycles operating at different
temperatures, each of which could operate
independently. The heat rejected by the higher
temperature cycle is recovered and used by a lower
temperature cycle to produce additional power to
improve overall efficiency. Two cycles are operate with
different fluids. The higher temperature cycle is called
the topping cycle and the lower temperature cycle is the Fig.1
Bottoming cycle. Topping cycle may include otto,
Consider two cycles (H, L) in series. Heat supplied
Brayton and Rankine cycles. Bottoming cycle has all
been Rankine cycle, in all cases. to the higher cycle is . Work done by higher cycle
International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering & Technology, ISBN : 978-93-83060-46-7,19-20 April 2014, GITA, BBSR
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
is .Heat rejected by the higher cycle is III. MODELLING OF COMBINED CYCLE:
absorbed by lower cycle. There is no intermediate heat
loss between two cycles. A. Compressor model:
The compressor used in gas turbine power plant is of
axial flow type. The thermodynamic losses in an axial
flow compressor are incorporated in the model by
introducing the concept of polytropic efficiency.
For a specified inlet and polytropic efficiency, the
temperature is obtained by integrating,
(4)
Fig.4. Schematic model of compressor
Mass balance equation for compressor,
(5)
Energy balance Equation for compressor
Fig.2. Schematic diagram of simple combined cycle
(6)
B. Combustion chamber model:
Natural gas is burnt in the presence of compressor
air from compressor and here after the working fluid of
the cycle changes from air to gas.
Fig.3. T-S diagram for combined cycle Fig.5. Schematic model of combustion chamber
International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering & Technology, ISBN : 978-93-83060-46-7,19-20 April 2014, GITA, BBSR
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
Mass balance equation for combustion chamber, economiser section. Then the feed water enter the
evaporator section at point ‘12’. Point ‘5’ is superheated
(7) temperature of steam.
Energy Balance equation for combustion chamber,
(8)
C. Gas Turbine model:
To evaluate the gas turbine work output, the
following assumptions and expressions are used. The
expansion process in each row is assumed to be
polytropic and is divided into six part. Each row of the
turbine treated as expander whose walls continuously
extract work. The temperature at a state in turbine is
determined by the relation
(9)
Fig.7. T-Q diagram of simple gas turbine cycle Using single
pressure HRSG
Using energy balance of economizer, evaporator
and superheater section of HRSG, the mass of steam
generated,
(12)
E. Steam turbine model:
Fig.6. schematic model of gas turbine
Mass and energy balance yield steam turbine output
given by
Mass balance equation for gas turbine,
(10)
The gas turbine work is the sum of the work done by all
rows of bladings,
= amount of steam entering to the respective main
turbine stages as per configuration
(11)
Where ‘i’ and’e’ denote the inlet and exit condition,
receptively of a row.
D. HRSG model:
An unfired single pressure HRSG has been
considered here. The HRSG consists of three heat
exchanger section: economizer, evaporator, superheater.
In the present analysis the HRSG is single pressure
HRSG. The flue gas enters at temperature T4 and pass
through different sections in HRSG and leaves at T4.
The feed water is heated from T12 to T11 in the Fig.8. schematic model of steam turbine
International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering & Technology, ISBN : 978-93-83060-46-7,19-20 April 2014, GITA, BBSR
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
F. Deaerator model: H. Pump model:
Fig.11. schematic model of Pump
.
Fig.9. schematic model of Deaerator Mass balance equation
The mass and energy balance gives the amount of steam (17)
extracted for deaeration such as Energy balance equation gives the pump work input as,
Mass balance equation is, (18)
(14) IV. PERFORMANCE PARAMETER:
Efficiency of combined cycle,
Energy balance equation is
(19)
(15) Where QS = heat supplied to the combustion chamber.
G. Condenser model:
The mass and energy balance gives the cooling
Plant Specific work,
requirement as
(20)
(16)
Specific fuel consumption= (21)
V. INPUT DATA FOR ANALYSIS [1]:
Fig.10. schematic model of Condenser
International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering & Technology, ISBN : 978-93-83060-46-7,19-20 April 2014, GITA, BBSR
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Fig.12
The Fig.12 shows the effect of GTIT on mass of steam
generated in HRSG. With increase in GTIT, the exhaust
temperature of gas turbine increases. This result in
generation of more steam in HRSG, which increase the
output of steam turbine.
Fig.13
The Fig.13 shows the effect of GTIT on combined
cycle specific work output. The Specific work increase
with increase in GTIT as net heat addition increases.
Fig.14 shows the effect of GTIT on specific fuel
consumption. The specific fuel consumption decreases
with increase in GTIT. This is due to increase in GTIT,
the fuel burn properly in the combustion chamber.
International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering & Technology, ISBN : 978-93-83060-46-7,19-20 April 2014, GITA, BBSR
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Effect of Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature on Combined Cycle Performance
VII. CONCLUSION:
The present model involved in effect of GTIT on
simple combined cycle performance. The performance
curves show that higher is the GTIT, higher is the
specific work and efficiency. As GTIT increases, the
efficiency of combined cycle is more than the single gas
turbine cycle. This is due to fact that in combined cycle
power output is gain from both gas turbine and steam
turbine. The overall combined cycle efficiency
approaches 54.46% when the Gas turbine inlet
temperature (GTIT) is 1700K.
VIII. REFERENCES:
[1] Sanjay, Singh, O., Prasad, B.N., Influence of different
Fig.14 mean of turbine blade cooling on thermodynamic
performance of combined cycle, Applied thermal
Fig.15 shows the effect of GTIT on Gas Turbine
Engineering, vol.28,pp.2315-2326, 2008.
cycle efficiency and combined cycle efficiency at a
given pressure ratio. In the figure it is shown that the [2] Mahto, D.;Pal S.;Thermodynamics and
efficiency of combined cycle is higher than then the thermoeconomic analysis of simple combined cycle
efficiency of gas turbine cycle. Efficiency increases with with inlet fogging, Applied thermal Engineering,
increase in GTIT, but the rate of increase is very slow at vol.51,pp.413-424,2013.
higher GTIT. This is due to fact that heat loss increases [3] Ibrahim, T.K., Rahman, M.M., Effect of compression
with increase in GTIT. ratio of combined cycle gas turbine, International
jurnal of Energy Engineering, vol.2(1)’ pp.9-14,2012.
[4] Jassim,R.K.,Zaki,G.M.,Alhazmy,M.M.,Thermo-
Economic analysis of gas Analysis of gas turbine
power plant with cooled air intake, Yanbu journal of
Engineering and Science Vo11, Oct.2010.
[5] Ravikumar, N., Rama Krishna, K., Sita Ram Raja,
A.V., Thermodynamic analysis of heat recovery
steamgenerator in combined cycle power plant,
Thermal science,vol.11.pp.143- 156,2007.
[6] Kehlhofer R. (1997). Combined cycle Gas and steam
Turbine power Plant. pennwell publishing
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[7] Nag P.K. (2009). Power Plant Engineering. Tata
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Fig. 15
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