GAS POWER PLANT WITH

COMBINED CYCLE

By
Prabakaran.G
ABAN POWER Company LTD
• In Gas Turbine converting water to steam is avoided
and gases themselves expended in turbine
• Gas turbine is GT based technology.
• This is most efficient technology to convert fossil fuel
into electricity.
• Gas turbines generate low level of greenhouse gases
such carbon dioxide.
• Natural gas is not readily available it has wide variety of
low calorific value and contaminated fuels.
• Requiring a lot of care for their successful operation.
In what principle GAS TURBINE Works?
• It has three main sections are compressor, combustor and
turbine.
• It operates on principle of Brayton cycle, where compressor air
is mixed with fuel and burned under constant pressure
conditions.
• Hot gas is allowed to expand through a turbine to perform
work.
• ⅔ of this work is spent compressing the air, ⅓ is available for
other work (i.e. mechanical drive, electrical generation)
• Gas turbines are clean and economical.
• They have high efficiency.
• It is an peak load units when connected in electrical network.
 The Thermodynamic cycle upon which all gas turbines operate is
called the Brayton cycle.

The Fig shows temperature -

entropy (TS) diagram for this cycle

GAS TURBINE CYCLE

or
THE BRAYTON CYCLE

• Path 1 to 2 represents the compression occurring in the compressor

• Path 2 to 3 represents the constant- pressure addition of heat in the
combustion system.
• Path 3 to 4 represents the expansion occurring in the turbine.
• The path from 4 back to 1 on diagrams indicates a constant-pressure
cooling process.
• In the gas turbine, this cooling is done by the atmosphere, which
provides fresh, cool air at point 1 on a continuous basis in exchange for
the hot gases exhausted to the atmosphere at point 4.
 SIMPLE GAS TURBINE
• Air enters the axial flow compressor at
point 1 at ambient conditions.

• These conditions vary from day to day and

from location to location.

• The change in these ambient conditions

affect the output and performance of gas
turbine.

• It is convenient to consider some standard

conditions for comparative purposes.

The standard conditions used by the gas turbine industry are

Dry Bulb Temp : 15 C
Atmospheric Pressure : 1.013 bar
Relative Humidity : 60%
These are established by the International Standards Organization
 GAS TURBINE PROCESS – COMPRESSOR AND
COMBUSTION CHAMBER

• Air entering the compressor at point 1 is compressed to some

higher pressure.
• Compression raises the Air Temp. Air at the discharge of the
compressor is at a higher Temp and Pressure.
• Upon leaving the compressor, air enters into the combustion
system at point 2,
2 where fuel is injected and combustion occurs.
• The combustion process occurs at essentially constant pressure.
 GAS TURBINE PROCESS – TURBINE SUCTION

• In the turbine section of the gas turbine, the energy of the hot gases is
converted to work.
• Some of the work developed by the turbine is used to drive the
compressor.
• The remainder is available as electrical power at generator terminals.
• Typically, more than 50% of the work developed by the turbine
sections is used to power the axial flow compressor
Simple Cycle - Heat Balance
COMBIEND CYCLE GAS POWER
PLANT
When two thermal cycles are combined in a single power
plant, the efficiency that can be achieved is higher than that
of one cycle alone.

Normally, when two cycles are combined, the cycle operating

at higher temperature level is called the ‘topping cycle’.

The waste heat it produces is then used in a second process

that operates at a lower temperature level and is therefore
called the ‘bottoming cycle’.

The flue gas leaving the gas turbine after expansion in an

open process still contains a lot of thermal energy which
should be used efficiently.
COMBIEND CYCLE GAS POWER
PLANT

This can be done by installing a water/steam circuit with

a steam turbine.

The Brayton Cycle has high source temperature and

rejects heat at a temperature that is conveniently used
as the energy source for the Rankine Cycle.
COMBIEND CYCLE GAS POWER PLANT
 COMBIEND CYCLE GAS POWER
PLANT
• Gas Turbine and a Steam Turbine are used in
combination to achieve greater efficiency than would be
possible independently.

• In modern CCPPs, the steam turbine (which is connected

downstream of the gas turbine)
In modern
generates
an additional 50 % of power
without
extra fuel having to be burnt.
COMBINED CYCLE GAS POWER
PLANT
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR
Steam Drum
Attemperator
Bypass Stack Deaerator

Stack
Primary Super Heater

Sec Super Heater

Economizer
Duct Burner

Transition duct

DD

Evaporator MUWH
 HRSG SYSTEMS
• FEED WATER & STEAM
• FLUE GAS SYSTEM

FLOW PATH in HRSG

 Make up water heater  evaporator
 Deaerator  steam drum
 Feed water control station  primary super heater
 Economiser  attemperator
 steam drum  secondary super heater
HRSG – THE CONCEPT
• Unutilized energy in GT appears in the form of
high temperature exhaust gases leaving the Gas
Turbine.

• This heat energy can be recovered by generating

steam in a boiler called heat recovery steam
generator (HRSG).

• This heat recovery results in high overall plant

Efficiency
 Factors Effecting GT Performance

• Ambient pressure
• Compressor inlet air temperature
• GT Speed
• Relative humidity
• Inlet pressure drop
• Water / Steam injection
• Condition of machine
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE GAS TURBINE
Is Air Flow ?

Air Flow through compressor is a function of its speed

Compressor, Turbine and Generator are connected on a single shaft

Once GTG is synchronized to GRID the speed of the

compressor is governed by the grid frequency.

Therefore any change in frequency will affect the airflow.

As per Indian grid condition the frequency is always less than 50Hz
and varying continuously leading to loss in output due to
airflow reduction
• Industrial gas turbines when run at constant speed are
constant-volume-flow machines.

• In combined-cycle applications there is also a small

improvement in thermal efficiency.

• In Indian weather condition the Ambient Air Temperature

can reach as high as 42 deg c during summer resulting in
reduction of air flow and hence output.

• Generally a 6% increase in ambient temperature decreases

the combined cycle power output by 2.5%.
PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED CYCLE
POWER PLANT ?

The performance of a combined cycle power plant

depends on the performance of the following :

• Gas turbine

• Heat Recovery Steam Generator

• Steam turbine
Combined Cycle – Heat Balance
Any Questions