Study Guide for English 9 (second quarter)
Jargon specific to a communicative style
Formal Style
This style is used in professional, official, or academic settings, where precision and respect for
structure are essential.
1. Protocol: A set of rules or procedures that must be followed in official interactions or
activities.
2. Resume: a brief written account of one’s education, qualifications, and previous
experience.
3. Mandate: An official command or authorization to take specific actions, often given by an
authority.
4. Endorsement: Official approval or support of an idea, policy, or candidate.
5. Hierarchy: a system or organization in which people are ranked one above the other.
6. Compliance: Adherence to rules, regulations, or guidelines, especially in regulated
environments.
7. Agenda: A list or outline of topics to be discussed in a formal meeting or event.
Frozen Style
This style is highly structured, fixed, and often ceremonial, found in rituals, formal recitations, or
religious texts.
1. Oath: A solemn promise or pledge, often legally binding and used in formal ceremonies.
2. Constitution: The fundamental principles or framework governing an organization or
country, often considered sacred or unchangeable.
3. Constitution: A set of fundamental principles or established precedents.
4. Allegiance: A formal declaration of loyalty or support to a person, group, or institution.
5. Creed: A fixed statement of beliefs or principles, typically used in religious or
philosophical contexts.
6. Proclamation: An official public announcement.
7. Edict: An official decree or command issued by an authority, often used in historical or
legal contexts.
Intimate Style
Used in private and personal communication with close relationships, allowing for greater
emotional expression and understanding.
1. Soulmate: A person with whom one feels a deep, innate connection, often in a romantic
or close personal context.
2. Cherish: To hold someone dear, expressing affection and emotional value.
3. Bond: A close emotional or psychological connection between people based on trust and
shared experiences.
4. Inside Joke: A joke understood only by people who share a close connection or
experience, often creating a feeling of intimacy.
5. Confide: To share personal feelings or secrets with someone trusted, implying a strong
level of closeness.
Casual Style
Commonly used in informal conversations among friends, family, or peers, this style is relaxed
and often uses slang.
1. Hangout: A casual meeting or gathering with friends, often unplanned or relaxed.
2. Cool: Slang for something appealing or impressive, commonly used in friendly exchanges.
3. Chill: To relax or spend time without any particular purpose; also used to describe a calm
person.
4. Binge: To do something excessively, like watching multiple episodes of a show, often used
in informal settings.
5. Clique: A close-knit group of friends who often exclude others, commonly found in social
settings.
Consultative Style
This style is used in semi-formal settings where one person seeks or provides advice, often in
professional, instructional, or medical contexts.
1. Diagnosis: The identification of a condition or issue based on analysis, used in medical or
consulting contexts.
2. Feedback: Constructive criticism or advice given to improve performance, commonly
used in work or learning environments.
3. Briefing: A concise summary of important information, often given to prepare someone
for a task.
4. Guideline: A set of recommendations or instructions provided to help make decisions or
complete tasks.
5. Assessment: An evaluation or analysis to determine the level or quality of something,
often in educational or consultative contexts.
Conditional sentences consist of a main clause and a conditional clause (sometimes called an
if-clause). The conditional clause usually begins with if or unless. The conditional clause can
come before or after the main clause. We'll be late if we don't leave now. We'll be late unless we
leave now.
We use conditional structures to speculate about things that could happen in the future and
things that might have happened in the past. Most conditional sentences in English use the word
“If” and describe a condition and the result if that condition is true.
Here is a table of the different verb forms used in the sentence construction of conditionals from
Zero to Third:
TYPES IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE PROBABILITY
CONDITION WILL
HAPPEN
ZERO PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE 100%- will always happen
CONDITIONAL
If + present simple, present simple
Example: If I hear a good joke, I laugh.
1ST PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE 50%-90%- will probably
CONDITIONAL happen
If + present simple, will + infinitive
Example: If I hear a good joke, I will laugh.
2ND SIMPLE PAST WOULD+ BASE OF A VERB 1%-40%- can happen, but
CONDITIONAL probably won’t.
If + past simple, would + infinitive
Example: If I heard a good joke, I would laugh.
3RD PAST PERFECT WOULD+HAVE+PAST 0%- impossible, can’t
CONDITIONAL TENSE PARTICIPLE happen even if in the past
If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
Example: If I had heard a good joke, I would have laughed.
Adverbs
1. The weather was so warm that we went swimming. (degree)
2. The soup was too hot to eat. (degree)
3. The children sang the song happily. (manner)
4. I’ll finish this task soon. (time)
5. They set up the camp near the river. (place)
6. She was extremely proud of her achievements. (degree)
7. They stood at the top of the mountain. (place)
8. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. (manner)
9. I don’t think you are allowed to park wherever you like. (place)
10.The movie was incredibly entertaining. (degree)
11.He works hard to support his family. (manner)
12.They rarely visit the museum. (frequency)
13.She sometimes forgets to bring her lunch. (frequency)
14.The cat jumped over the fence. (place)
15.We plan to finish the task by tomorrow. (time)
16.He spoke calmly during the argument. (manner)
17.Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday. (time)
18.She always takes time to help others. (frequency)
19.The dog slept under the table. (place)
20.We will arrive early for the event. (time)
21.He laughed loudly at the joke. (manner)
22.My dentist told me I should floss twice daily. (frequency)
23.The children played enthusiastically at the park. (manner)
24.She was very excited about the upcoming trip. (degree)
25.I’ll call you later today. (time)
26.They frequently travel for work. (frequency)
27.The meeting will start soon. (time)
28.He never arrives late for class. (frequency)
29.I’ll finish this task soon. (time)
30. They built a tree house beside the oak tree. (place)
