ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS

Submitted by:
JOB RAPHAEL JADMAN
ACTIVITY 1 : Analysis of National Security Threats
A. Internal and External threats to national security in the Philippines:

Internal Threats

1. Insurgency: Armed groups such as the New People's Army (NPA), the armed
wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines, pose significant internal security
threats through insurgent activities and ideological conflict. The government has
launched counterinsurgency operations and peace efforts, but the insurgency
remains an ongoing issue.
2. Terrorism: Local terrorist organizations, including Abu Sayyaf and factions
aligned with ISIS, continue to operate, particularly in Mindanao. These groups
are known for carrying out kidnappings, bombings, and violent attacks, affecting
local security and stability.
3. Illegal Drug Trade: The Philippines has faced issues with drug cartels and the
trafficking of illegal narcotics. This problem has led to social instability and has
fueled corruption and criminal networks that undermine law enforcement and
governance.
4. Corruption: Corruption at various levels of government affects national security
by weakening institutions and public trust. It enables organized crime,
misappropriates resources, and hampers the country’s ability to respond to
security threats.
5. Natural Disasters and Climate Vulnerability: While not traditionally categorized
as security threats, the Philippines’ susceptibility to typhoons, earthquakes, and
other natural disasters creates severe economic and social strains that can
destabilize communities and lead to social unrest.

External Threats

1. South China Sea Dispute: Tensions in the South China Sea are a significant
external security concern, with China claiming large portions of maritime territory
that overlap with the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone. The presence of
Chinese vessels and militarization of islands escalate risks to Philippine
sovereignty and territorial integrity.
2. Cybersecurity Threats: Cyber attacks from foreign entities, including those
allegedly from state-backed organizations, pose a risk to the Philippines' critical
infrastructure, data privacy, and national security. Attacks target both government
and private sectors, potentially disrupting services and spreading disinformation.
3. Transnational Organized Crime: The Philippines is affected by transnational
crimes, such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, and arms smuggling. These
 issues, often coordinated by international criminal organizations, challenge
national security and complicate law enforcement efforts.
4. Foreign Espionage: There is growing concern over intelligence gathering by
foreign governments that may impact Philippine security interests. Espionage
activities target sensitive information, military assets, and strategic infrastructure.
5. Economic Dependency and Debt Diplomacy: The Philippines' economic
partnerships, especially with countries like China, carry both strategic
advantages and risks. Debt dependency can lead to influence over national
policies or concessions that may undermine long-term sovereignty and economic
independence.

Explain how insurgency and illegal drug trade impact the stability and security of
the Philippines.

Insurgency and the illegal drug trade in the Philippines pose significant threats to
peace, economic growth, and political stability. The insurgency, led by separatist groups
like the New People's Army (NPA), disrupts local economies and creates a climate of
fear. Combating insurgency diverts government resources from essential sectors like
education, health, and infrastructure, straining public finances and limiting the country's
capacity to invest in social development. Insurgent groups often operate in areas rich in
natural resources, making it risky for businesses to invest in these regions. Political
instability arises from insurgent demands, such as land reform, labor rights, and
regional autonomy, which can create political polarization and hinder the government's
ability to address broader policy reforms.

The illegal drug trade is closely associated with other forms of criminal activity,
contributing to increased crime rates, particularly in urban areas. Corruption of
institutions is another issue, as drug cartels often bribe law enforcement officers,
government officials, and judiciary personnel to operate with impunity. Drug addiction
leads to social and health issues, affecting families and communities, leading to
increased healthcare burdens, higher unemployment, and strained social services. The
illegal drug trade drains economic resources and reduces human productivity,
diminishing the country's human capital.

Explain how Cybersecurity threats and foreign espionage impact the stability and
security of the Philippines.

Cybersecurity threats and foreign espionage pose significant challenges to the

stability and safety of the Philippines, affecting its critical infrastructure, national
security, and economic interests. Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure, such as energy
grids, transportation systems, and water supplies, can lead to disruptions and
widespread instability. Economic impacts include massive financial losses, eroded trust
in digital systems, and difficulty in encouraging digital transformation. Cybersecurity
breaches can result in the theft of sensitive data, including government information,
military intelligence, and personal data of citizens. Disinformation and social
manipulation can also be a threat, leading to social unrest.

Foreign espionage activities in the Philippines often aim to gather intelligence on

military strategies, alliances, and defense capabilities, which threatens national security.
Economic and industrial espionage targets sensitive industries, such as technology,
infrastructure development, and telecommunications, stealing trade secrets or
intellectual property. This can limit growth in innovation and reduce the Philippines'
attractiveness as a business and investment hub.

Furthermore, foreign espionage efforts often seek to influence political decision-

making in ways that benefit the foreign entity's interests. Diplomatic relations can be
strained, especially if a foreign country is found to be engaging in hostile intelligence-
gathering within Philippine borders. This can harm trade relations, military cooperation,
and international standing, impacting economic stability and the Philippines' ability to
participate in global security frameworks.

References

 Asian Institute of Management (AIM). (2023). National Security and Strategic

Concerns of the Philippines. Retrieved from AIM Research
 Philippines Department of National Defense (DND). Defense and Security
Outlook. Available at DND Website
 Council on Foreign Relations. (2022). The Philippines and the South China Sea.
Retrieved from CFR

Activity 2 : Evaluation of National Security Pillars

Maintaining a stable and resilient society in the Philippines, upholding the

nation's sovereignty, encouraging social cohesiveness, and defending democratic ideals
all depend on the "Safeguarding National Unity and Democracy" pillar. The stability,
development, and resilience of the Philippines are largely dependent on maintaining
national unity and democracy. The nation may overcome both internal and foreign
obstacles while preserving the principles that unite its citizens by defending democratic
institutions, advancing social inclusion, stimulating civic engagement, and cultivating a
strong sense of national identity. This pillar fortifies the social fabric and preserves
democracy for future generations by guaranteeing that every Filipino has a stake in the
country's future.

One step in resolving the long-standing problems of the Muslim community in

Mindanao is the 2014 peace deal between the Philippine government and the Moro
Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which resulted in the establishment of the Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The administration showed its
commitment to unity via tolerance by respecting cultural and religious differences and
allowing more autonomy, which helped to strengthen national cohesion and lessen
separatist feelings.

Policy Title: “Unified in Diversity: A School-Based Program to Promote National

Unity and Democratic Values”

Policy Overview

The “Unified in Diversity” policy is a school-based initiative designed to foster a culture

of unity, inclusivity, and democratic values within the educational community. This policy
aims to enhance national security at a local level by building a generation of
responsible, civically engaged citizens who respect diversity and are committed to
upholding democratic ideals. Through targeted programs and activities, the policy
encourages students, teachers, and parents to collaborate in promoting an inclusive
school culture that reflects the Philippines' national values and strengthens social
cohesion.

Objectives

1. Promote Democratic Values: Educate students about democratic principles, the

importance of active civic engagement, and respect for human rights and
responsibilities.
2. Foster National Unity Through Inclusivity: Create an inclusive school environment
that respects and celebrates cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity within the school
community.
3. Encourage Civic Responsibility and Leadership: Develop students' understanding of
civic duties and empower them to take leadership roles in promoting social harmony
and active citizenship.
4. Strengthen Community Engagement: Involve parents, teachers, and local community
leaders in reinforcing unity and democratic principles both inside and outside of the
school.

Program Components
1. Civic Education Curriculum

- Description: Integrate a civic education module into the school curriculum to teach
students about Philippine history, democratic values, and civic responsibilities. Lessons
will cover the structure of government, the rights and duties of citizens, the importance
of rule of law, and the value of active participation in democratic processes.
- Activities:
- Mock Elections: Organize annual school elections for class leaders, allowing
students to experience the democratic process and learn about the responsibilities of
elected positions.
- Debate and Discussion Sessions: Host monthly discussions on current events,
fostering critical thinking and encouraging respectful dialogue about national issues.

2. “Unity in Diversity” Cultural Day

- Description: Host an annual event that celebrates the various cultural, ethnic, and
religious groups represented within the school community. This event promotes mutual
respect, understanding, and unity among students from diverse backgrounds.
- Activities:
- Cultural Exhibits: Students create exhibits or presentations showcasing the
customs, traditions, and history of different groups in the Philippines.
- Inclusive Performances: Organize performances, such as traditional dances,
songs, and storytelling, that highlight the cultural richness of the country, fostering pride
in diversity.

3. Community Service and Outreach Program

- Description: Involve students in regular community service projects that emphasize

the importance of civic responsibility and unity. These projects will address local issues,
encouraging students to contribute positively to their communities.
- Activities:
-Environmental Clean-Up Drives: Organize neighborhood clean-up events, where
students work together to improve their local environment and build teamwork and
responsibility.
- Volunteer Days: Encourage students to volunteer at community centers, hospitals,
and other local institutions, fostering empathy, compassion, and community solidarity.

4. Student-Led “National Unity” Clubs

 Description: Establish student-led clubs dedicated to promoting unity, social justice,
and democratic engagement. These clubs will allow students to discuss and address
relevant issues, organize events, and engage in activities that promote inclusivity and
democracy.
- Activities:
- Conflict Resolution Workshops: Train students in conflict resolution techniques to
help them navigate disagreements constructively, promoting a peaceful school
environment.
- Guest Speaker Series: Invite local leaders, activists, and professionals to speak on
topics related to unity, democracy, and civic engagement, inspiring students to think
critically and act responsibly.

5. Parent and Community Involvement Initiatives

- Description: Foster collaboration between schools, parents, and the community to

create a unified support system that encourages democratic values and inclusivity.
- Activities:
- Parent Education Sessions : Conduct workshops for parents to discuss the
importance of promoting democratic values at home and in their communities.
- Community Unity Forum: Hold forums that bring together parents, local
government officials, and community members to discuss issues affecting the
community, fostering a culture of openness and collaboration.

Implementation and Evaluation

1. Implementation:
- The school administration will form a committee comprising teachers, student
leaders, and parent representatives to oversee the policy's implementation. Each
component of the policy will have designated facilitators responsible for planning,
executing, and monitoring activities.
2. Evaluation:
- The effectiveness of the policy will be evaluated through annual surveys, feedback
sessions, and assessments of student participation and engagement. Metrics for
success include increased student awareness of civic duties, reduced incidents of
bullying or discrimination, and positive feedback from parents and community members.

Contribution to National Security at the Local Level

By fostering unity and democratic values within schools, the **“Unified in Diversity”**
policy addresses potential sources of division and social discord early on. Students
educated under this policy are likely to grow into informed and active citizens, equipped
to contribute to a stable and cohesive society. This local foundation of civic
responsibility, unity, and inclusivity strengthens national security by building a
generation that values social harmony, respects democratic principles, and can work
collaboratively to address societal challenges.

Activity 3 : Reflect and Create on Values and National Security

A. Values that promote national security :

Addressing contemporary national security concerns, such as cybersecurity

threats, disaster response, and public health emergencies, requires discipline and
shared accountability. Vulnerabilities are decreased and collective resilience is
strengthened when people and communities practice discipline and recognize their
shared role in security efforts. When discipline and shared responsibility are applied to
cybersecurity, a model is created that can be applied to other security concerns, such
public health or disaster preparedness. Communities may improve resilience across
sectors and ultimately help larger national security efforts when they collaborate with
persistent, disciplined activity and shared accountability.

B. Event that promote these values:

Event Title: “Nation First: A Community Forum on Discipline and Accountability

for National Security”

Event Overview

The “Nation First” event is a one-day community forum designed to foster awareness,
discipline, and accountability among citizens regarding their role in supporting national
security. The event will feature interactive workshops, expert panels, and practical
demonstrations that emphasize the importance of individual and community
responsibility in upholding security protocols. Attendees will gain insights into how small,
disciplined actions contribute to larger national security efforts, spanning from
cybersecurity to disaster preparedness.

Objectives

1. Promote Understanding of National Security: Educate attendees on how

individual discipline and accountability contribute to national security.
2. Encourage Proactive Security Practices: Equip citizens with practical tools
and strategies to apply disciplined practices in daily life to enhance community
and national resilience.
 3. Foster Community Collaboration: Build a sense of shared responsibility
through collaborative discussions, reinforcing that national security is a collective
effort.

Target Audience

This event is open to the general public but specifically targets:

 Students and youth organizations

 Local government representatives
 Community leaders
 Educators and parents
 Small business owners and local entrepreneurs

Event Program

1. Keynote Speech: “Discipline as a Pillar of National Security”

 Description: The keynote speaker, a representative from the Department of

National Defense or a national security expert, will kick off the event with an
address on the importance of discipline and accountability in safeguarding
national interests. The speech will cover real-life examples, such as
cybersecurity and disaster response, illustrating how individual and collective
discipline reinforce security efforts.

2. Panel Discussion: “The Role of Citizens in National Security”

 Description: A panel of experts from various sectors, including cybersecurity,

disaster management, public health, and law enforcement, will discuss how
ordinary citizens can contribute to national security.
 Topics:
o Cybersecurity best practices for individuals and small businesses
o Disaster preparedness at the household and community level
o Public health and biosecurity protocols

3. Workshop Session 1: “Cyber Discipline and Digital Responsibility”

 Description: This interactive workshop focuses on cybersecurity hygiene and

the role of personal discipline in protecting data. Attendees will learn about
secure password creation, recognizing phishing attempts, and safely using public
Wi-Fi.
 Activity: Participants will complete hands-on exercises to secure their devices
and accounts, followed by a group discussion on the collective impact of these
practices on national security.
4. Workshop Session 2: “Community Preparedness and Accountability in Crisis
Situations”

 Description: This workshop teaches participants how to create personal and

community emergency preparedness plans, focusing on natural disasters and
emergency protocols.
 Activity: Attendees will be guided through creating a basic disaster
preparedness kit, with emphasis on accountability in maintaining readiness and
sharing resources.

5. Case Study Presentation: “Lessons from Real-Life Security Challenges”

 Description: A case study on a recent security incident (e.g., a natural disaster

or cyber attack) will be presented, showcasing how disciplined action and
accountability among citizens helped mitigate the impact.
 Activity: Small group discussions on lessons learned and best practices to
replicate in future security situations.

6. Community Pledge and Action Plan Session

 Description: Attendees will be encouraged to take a community pledge,

committing to specific, actionable steps to enhance national security within their
spheres of influence.
 Activity: Groups will brainstorm local security initiatives, such as forming
neighborhood watch programs, running cybersecurity awareness campaigns, or
establishing emergency preparedness drills, with action plans to implement after
the event.

Outcome Goals

1. Increased Public Awareness: Attendees leave with a clear understanding of

how individual discipline and accountability contribute to national security.
2. Practical Skills: Participants gain actionable skills and strategies they can
immediately apply in their personal lives and communities.
3. Community Engagement: Groups form connections and commit to post-event
initiatives that promote security, discipline, and accountability at the local level.