Evaporative Chillers

CHILLERS
• Air in contact with water to cool it close to ‘wet
Refrigeration bulb temperature’
• Advantage: efficient cooling at low cost
Refrigeration may be defined as the process of achieving • Disadvantage: air is rich in moisture
and maintaining a temperature below that of the
surroundings, the aim being to cool some product or space
to the required temperature.

Chiller is a machine or device that may be classified as:

Three Different Mechanisms of Chiller
a. Water Cooled Chillers
b. Air Cooled Chillers
c. Evaporative Cooled Chillers

Gas Refrigeration Cycle

Types of Refrigeration Process

 Vapor Compression Cycle

 Vapor Absorption Cycle

Type of Refrigeration
Vapors Compression Refrigeration
Refrigeration cycle
Water and Air Cooled Chillers

Components of Water and Air Cooled Chillers

- Evaporator
- Condenser
- Compressor
- Expansion Valve

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Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES:
1. Smaller in size
2. Low running cost
3. High C.O.P.
4. Temperature change by just control valve
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Requires greater safety and prevention of leaks
due to the use of inflammable and toxic vaports of
refrigerants
2. Initial cost is high

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration

Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES:
1. Method of compression of the refrigerant
2. Power consumption devices
3. The amount of power required
4. Type of energy required
5. Low running cost
6. Type of Refrigerant Used
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Initial cost is high
2. Corrosive nature of lithium bromide
3. Low working pressures
4. Higher heat rejection

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FUNCTION OF REFRIGERATION COMPONENTS METERING DEVICE

EVAPORATOR

• meters the flow of the refrigerant

• Absorb heat from the medium being cooled.

• Allow heat to boil off the liquid refrigerant to a vapor in
its tubing bundle.
• Allow the heat to superheat the refrigerant vapor in its
tubing bundle.

COMPRESSOR Two primary systems used to control evaporator pressure

and temperature:
Common Compressors Used in Refrigeration:
 TXV systems (thermal or thermostatic expansion
• Reciprocating Compressor
valve)
• Rotary Screw Compressor
 OT systems (orifice tube)
• Scroll Compressor
CONDENSER TXV System

A TXV controls the refrigerant flow from the high pressure

side to the evaporator. A receiver dryer is mounted in
the liquid line of all TXV systems.

• Desuperheat the refrigerant vapor.

• Condensed the refrigerant from vapor to liquid

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OT System

An OT controls the refrigerant flow from the high pressure

side to the evaporator. An accumulator is mounted in the
suction line of all OT systems.

Refrigerants that can no longer be manufactured/have

phase-out dates
R-12 - Used primarily in medium and high temperature
refrigeration applications.
R-22 – Used primarily in residential, commercial and
industrial air conditioner and refrigeration applications .
R-500 - used primarily in older air conditioner applications
and some commercial refrigeration.
R-502 - Used primarily in lower temperature refrigeration
• The expansion device separates the high side from applications.
the low side and provides a restriction for the
compressor to pump against. Replacements

TWO TYPES OF REFRIGERATION OPERATION R-134a - Properties same as R-12. Used primarily in
• LOW SIDE OPERATION medium and high temperature refrigeration applications,
refrigerators, freezers and automobile air conditioners.
 Expansion device R-404A - Replaced R-502. Used in low and medium
 Evaporator temperature refrigeration applications.
 Accumulator (if equipped) R-407C - Similar properties as R-22 used in residential and
commercial airconditioning.
• HIGH SIDE OPERATION R-410A - Replace R-22 used in high operating pressures.
 Compressor R-507 - Replace R-502 used in low and medium
 Condenser refrigeration applications and has higher pressure capacity
 Receiver-drier (if equipped) than R-404A.

Refrigerants - defined as “any body or substance that acts

as a cooling medium by extracting heat from another body
or substance.”

A chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is an organic compound that

contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as a
volatile derivative of methane and ethane.

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Mechanical Compression Chillers
CHILLERS SYSTEM
Key Components of Chiller:

EVAPORATOR
Component in which liquid refrigerant flows over a tube
bundle and evaporates, absorbing heat from the chilled
water circulating through the tube bundle.

COMPRESSOR
The refrigerant vapor to the condenser by raising the
refrigerant pressure (and thus, the temperature).

CONDENSER
Component in which refrigerant condenses on a set of
cooling water coils giving up its heat to the cooling water.
PROCESS CHILLERS
EXPANSION VALVE A refrigeration system using halocarbon or ammonia
The high-pressure liquid refrigerant coming from the refrigerants that provide cooling for process or industrial
condenser passes through this expansion device, reducing application.
the refrigerant’s pressure (and temperature) to that of the
evaporator. Who uses Process Chillers:
 Plastic Industry
CONTROLS  Baking Industry
It allows adjustment to some chiller operating parameters.  Food Industry
To better monitor chiller performance, the chiller control  Pharmaceutical Industry
system should communicate with the facility’s direct digital  Printing Industry
control.
How Process Chiller Works?
It may use an air or water condenser in its cooling process.
 A sub cooled liquid refrigerant passes from the
condenser to evaporator, a thermostatic expansion valve
causes the pressure and temperature to drop. The
refrigerant then picks up the heat from the fluid flowing
through the evaporator, changing from a liquid to a vapor.

TYPES OF CHILLERS

 Compression chillers

 Absorption chillers

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Absorption chillers Types of Compression Chillers
 Reciprocating Compression Chiller
 Scroll Compression Chiller
 Rotary Screw Compression Chiller
 Centrifugal Compression Chiller

Industrial Chiller Technology

Industrial Chillers consist of:

• Chiller Unit
• Condenser
• Pump Station with Recirculating Pump
• Expansion Valve
• No-flow shut down
• Internal Cold water tank
• Temperature control
Industrial Chiller Selection
Specifications to consider

• Power Source
• Chiller IP Rating
• Chiller Cooling Capacity
• Evaporative Capacity
• Evaporator Type
• Condenser Material
• Condenser Capacity
• Ambient Temperature
• Motor Fan Type
• Noise Level

Process Pump Specifications

Specifications to consider
• Process flow
• Process Pressure
• Pump Material
• Elastomer
• Mechanical Shaft Seal Material
• Motor Voltage
• Motor Electrical Class
• Motor IP Rating
• Pump Rating
• Internal Water Tank Size

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Control Panel Features
• Local Control Panel
• Remote Control Panel
• Fault Indicators
• Temperature Indicators
• Pressure Indicators

Additional feature includes

• Emergency Alarms
• Hot gas bypass
• City water Switch over
• Casters

Applications of Chillers

 Air-Conditioning Industry
 printing industry
 plastics industry
 Food industry
 MRI

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